英語初二升初三銜接

1、第一章 八年級知識點復習1.     系動詞表示不完全謂語關(guān)系的動詞，本身有含義，但是不能單獨做謂語，后面必須跟表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，稱為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。形容詞，名詞及動詞不定式（to do）都可以做表語。系動詞有三類：A. be 動詞：am is are was were B. 表示感官類的動詞：look smell sound feel taste C. 表示變化類的詞：go(變得) get become grow turn keep stay e.g. I feel terrible. The food went bad. The weather becomes wa

2、rmer and warmer. The leaves turn green.2.     使役動詞 make /let 的用法make 的常用句型：a. make + 賓語 + n：使成為 They made him captain. b. make +賓語 +adj.：使處于某種狀態(tài)：Eating too much made him ill. c. make + 賓語 +v：使人做某事: Doing exercise makes us keep fit.Let 的常用句型：a. let + 賓語 +v: 讓某人做某事：He doesnt let her dri

3、nk wine. b. let +賓語 +adv：Let him out. c. let +賓語 + conj：Who let him into the room?  3.    動詞不定式：to +動詞原形（to 有時可?。﹍ 不定式的否定形式是在to 的前面直接加not. E.g. Mom told me not to smoke.l 不定式可以和疑問詞what, how, where, which, when, who連用。（why不用）e.g. Can you tell me how to get to the bank?I cant decid

4、e which to buy?在復合句與簡單句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，也可用這種句型：e.g. I dont know what I should do next time. = I dont know what to do next time.l 不定式在句子中除了謂語之外，可充當任何句子成分。e.g. To learn English well is very important. (做主語)His job is to save people in danger.(作表語)I want to take part in the meeting. (作賓語)l It 做形式主語的句型A. It + adj

5、 + for sb. + to do sthB. It + adj. + that 從句C. It takes sb. + 時間 + to do sth.e.g. It is necessary for us to eat healthily.It is necessary that we should eat healthily. It took me three hours to finish my work yesterday.l It 做賓語和形式賓語u 可以接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語的動詞主要有：要求、選擇、同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望、決定、學習(expect

6、, hope, decide, learn)，寧可、假裝、知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望、想要、愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.u 動詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語動詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to d

7、o.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. 1. “What are you going to do this weekend?” “Id like my parents.” A. to visit    B. visit      C. visiting2. Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ive no idea, but Ive decided at home.A. stay   

8、0; B. to stay C. stayed   D. staying3. Last week our geography teacher told us more information about how to protect the environment. A. get      B. got C. to get   D. getting4. Our headmaster asked us a report on how to protect wild animals. A. writ

9、e     B. writing C. to write   D. wrote5. How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?It makes me very proud.A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel6. It took her half an hour the Water Park by bus last Sunday. A. gets to    B. get to C. to get to

10、60;D. getting to7. Its dangerous for you that tall tree.A. climb     B. to climb C. climbing  D. climbed8. My brother is ill in hospital.Im sorry that. A. hear     B. hearing C. heard    D. to hear9. more information about the trip, you can

11、 go to .A. Find      B. Finding C. To find   D. Found10. Some children are arguing about what TV programs . A. watching   B. for watching C. to watch   D. will watch11. Its wrong _ not _ her a letter.A. of you; to write    &#

12、160;      B. for you; writing C. of you; writing           D. for you; write12. Im sorry, I _ my exercise book at home.    Dont forget _ it to school tomorrow, please. A. forget; to take    

13、       B. left; to bring C. forget; to bring        D. left; to take13. Before you go abroad, you need _ about table manners in that country.  A. knew   B. known   C. to know   D. knowi

14、ng14. I need some paper _.A. to write                B. to write on C. to write in             D. write in15. I have no pens _. Could you please lend me one? &#

15、160;  Sure. Here you are.    A. to write               B. to write down C. to write with           D. to write in16. Do you think our football team will wi

16、n the match?        Yes, we have better players. So I _ them to win.    A. hope     B. ask     C. help     D. expect17. I am allowed _ until 12:00 on the evening of the Spring Festival. 

17、;  A. stay up                B. to stay up C. staying up             D. to staying up18. Cars cause most of Beijings air pollution. So the “No Car Day” cam

18、paign（活動）asks Beijing drivers _ their cars at home one day each month.A. leave               B. leaving C. to leave             D. to be left19. Do you like sports?Sure.

19、Im looking forward to _ the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing on TV.A. watch; to hold        B. watching; being held C. watch; held          D. watching; to be held20. Good manners usually help people to _ each other. A. g

20、et on well with       B. get started C. be friendly            D. get together. 4.狀語從句 狀語從句的時態(tài)：“主過從過，主將從現(xiàn)”，另外，主句如果用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句也用現(xiàn)在時 1) 時間狀語從句：用句子來表達一個事情或一個行為發(fā)生的時間，這個句子就叫時間狀語從句。a.   引導詞when/ while: 當時，有時可

21、互換使用，when 既可以接延續(xù)性動詞，也可接短暫性動詞。而while 只可接延續(xù)性動詞e.g. The students were talking when the teacher came in.While the students were talking, the teacher came in.I am watching TV while he is cooking. b. 引導詞until: 直到為止 I will stay here until the rain stops,notuntil: 直到才: I will not leave here until the rain s

22、tops.as soon as: 一就 As soon as the bell rings, the students will go into the classroom.C 引導詞before，after, since(自從) It is ten years since I studied English. 2) 條件狀語從句：引導詞 if （如果）, as long as（只要）e.g. I wont go if he doesnt go. If people obey the traffic rules, there will be fewer accidents. If you st

23、udy hard, you can catch up with others.3) 原因狀語從句：引導詞because, since (既然), as (由于)I did that because he told me to. 如果表述的原因是人們已知的事實，就用since Since you cant answer the question, you can ask someone for help.4) 目的狀語從句：引導詞so that, in order that (為了)，主句謂語常含 有情態(tài)動詞。I must get up early so that I can catch the

24、 train on time.當主句主語與從句主語一致時，可用so as to, in order to 改寫同義句。He worked day and night in order that he can succeed.= He worked day and night in order to succeed.5) 結(jié)果狀語從句 ： 引導詞 sothat, suchthat, so that(所以)So + adj. + that / so + n. + thate.g. He is so kind that he always helps people in trouble. He is

25、 such a kind person that he always helps people in trouble. Its a hot day so that we both want to swim in the sea.6) 讓步狀語從句：引導詞though， although，even though、even if， wh-ever類（無論）e.g. Although/ though she works very hard, she makes slow progress. I have a bit headache, its nothing much, though . Even

26、though/even if you say so, I dont believe it. Whenever Im unhappy, my friends cheer me on.( ) 1 .The meeting didn't start_ everyone was there.A. because B. until C. why D. if( ) 2. The boy _ to bed _ his mother came in.A. went not; until B. didn't go; after C. went; until D. didn't go; u

27、ntil( ) 3. I won't believe you_ I have seen it with my own eyes.A. before B. until C. after D. when( ) 4. He _ home _ she was satisfied _ his answer yesterday.A. didn't go; until; with B. wasn't go; after; toC. doesn't go; before; with D. didn't go; until; to( ) 5. He _ back unti

28、l the work _ done.A. isn't; will be B. isn't; is C. won't be; will be D. won't be; is( ) 6 .They didn't start the work _ their teacher came back.A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if( ) 7. Tom will call me as soon as he _ Shanghai.A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to(

29、 )8. I'm sure he'll come to see me before he _ Beijing.A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves( ) 9. I will tell him the news as soon as he_ back.A. come B. comes C. will come D. came( ) 10. The boy told his father what he _ in the street.A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. see( )11. W

30、e _ TV when the telephone _.A. watched; was ringing B. were watching; rangC. watch; rings D. are watching; rang12. The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain           B. rains          

31、;  C. rained             D. is raining13. Remember to send me a photo of your son next time you _to me.A. write         B. will write           C

32、. are writing           D. would write14. If city noises _from increasing, people _shout to be heard even at the dinner table in 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have to            &#

33、160;  B. are not kept; have toC. do not deep; will have to               D. do not deep; have15. I often visited Tianan Men Square _I was staying in Beijing.A. until         B. during&#

34、160;         C. while               D. throughout6.     賓語從句當一個完整的句子在主從復合句中充當賓語，位于及物動詞，介詞之后就叫做賓語從句。引導詞：a.       由that 引導的賓語從句，that可省b.     &

35、#160; 由if /whether 引導的賓語從句譯為“是否”，不可省，通常兩者可互換，但后有or not時，只能用whether.e.g. Do you know if he will win the game? Tell me whether the man is kind. I dont know whether he will come or not.c. 由連接詞wh-詞引導的賓語從句：what, where, why, how, who e.g. Do you know who broke the glass? Tell me which one you want. I dont

36、 know why he was unhappy.d. 賓語從句的時態(tài)： 主過從過：主句是過去時，從句也用過去的某種時態(tài) She said she bought many story books. 主句為一般時或?qū)頃r，從句可按需要使用任何時態(tài)。 e.g. She says she will call me tomorrow. I know that I was wrong. 特殊用法：當從句敘述的是客觀真理，事實時，從句時態(tài)不受主句影響，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。 e.g. She said her brother is two years younger than her. The teacher

37、said light travels faster than sound.e. 賓語從句的語序：必須是陳述語序，即主語+謂語的語序 e.g. Her mother wants to know whether she likes the food. Do you know why he didnt come to school.1The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2. Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou

38、. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3. The students want to know whether they_ dictionary today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are4. She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5. Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. tr

39、avelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled6. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that7. I don't know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where8. I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who9. She didn't know_

40、back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be10. I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when11. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how12. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C w

41、ho D whose13. Do you know _ ? I'm going to see him. Sorry, I don't know. A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived第二章 九年級語法一 現(xiàn)在完成時(一) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可表示已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。學習現(xiàn)在完成時，先從結(jié)構(gòu)和句式開始： 構(gòu)成：主語 + have / has + 過去分詞 + 其他(當

42、主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用has，其余人稱用have。過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成與動詞過去式相同；不規(guī)則動詞需要特殊記憶。) 否定式：主語 + havent / hasnt + 過去分詞 + 其他 疑問式：Have / Has + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他?簡略答語：Yes, 主語 + have / has.(肯定)No, 主語 + havent / hasnt.(否定)（二）現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，用以下四大標志詞可以表達這種含義：l 以already, just和yet為標志already, just和yet表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、剛剛或還

43、沒有發(fā)生。       He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。       He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。       He hasnt come back yet.他還沒有回來。 l 以ever和never為標志ever和never表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來沒有發(fā)生過。  

44、0;    This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。    He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。l 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標志若某一動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生了若干次，則要使用現(xiàn)在完成時。       He says he has been to the USA three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。l 以so far為標志so f

45、ar往往表示到目前為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生。       He has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。       She has passed the exam so far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。（三）過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手，進一步學習現(xiàn)在完成時。  “終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉(zhuǎn)換英語中的動詞從詞義上可以分為延續(xù)性和非延

46、續(xù)性兩種。在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中一定要注意動詞這一特性，應將這類非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞。如： “Cats” has been on for half an hour.貓已經(jīng)開演半個小時了。 How long have you had this dictionary?這本字典你買了多久了?初中階段常見的有：comebe, go outbe out, leavebe away (from), beginbe on, buyhave, borrowkeep, joinbe a member / 介詞短語, diebe dead, becomebe， open (v.)be open (adj.) 等

47、。 時間“點”、“段”須分清過去開始的動作可以延續(xù)到某一點結(jié)束，也可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)，這時就要根據(jù)時間“點”、“段”選擇相應的介詞for或since。如：He has been away for two years.他已走了兩年。(for +時間段)He has been an English teacher since 1992.自從1992年以來他一直當英語教師。 (since +過去某一時刻)課堂小練習A) 選用have, has填空：1. I _ told him the news.2. She _ come back from school.3. Y

48、ou _ won the game.B) 按要求改寫下列各句：4. They have bought a computer. (改成否定句)    _5. He has lost his book. (先改成一般疑問句，再作肯定與否定回答)     _    _二怎樣區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時 1. 一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側(cè)重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強調(diào)對“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響。如： He visited

49、Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。(只說明去桂林的時間) 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時間狀語連用。如： Jill has had a new computer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。（著重點是現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦） I have seen the film. 我已經(jīng)看過這部電影。（已經(jīng)知道電影內(nèi)容）3. 兩種時態(tài)的區(qū)分 一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而現(xiàn)在完成時則常與just, already, ev

50、er, never等副詞和these days, this week, since., for.表示一段時間的狀語連用。1、 Both  his  parents  look  sad .Maybe  they  _what's  happened  to  him.     A.  knew    B.  have known    C.  must know 

51、60;   D. will know    2、He  has  _ been  to  Shanghai， has  he ？    A. already    B. never    C. ever     D. still    3、Have  you  met  Mr.  Li _

52、？    A. just    B. ago        C. before       D.  a moment ago    4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.    A. is  writing  

53、60; B. was  writing        C. wrote       D. has  written    5、Our country  _ a lot so far.    Yes. I hope it will be even _.    A. has  changed ； well   &

54、#160;   B.  changed ； good    C. has  changed ； better     D.  changed ； better    6、Zhao Lan _already  _in this school for two years.    A. was ； studying        B. will

55、 ； study    C. has ； studied          D. are ； studying    7、We _ Xiao  Li  since  she  was  a  little  girl.    A. know      B.  had  known

56、      C. have  known      D.  knew    8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice.    A.  will  see     B.  have  seen        C.

57、60; saw            D.see    9、These  farmers  have  been  to  the  United  States.    Really ？ When _  there ？    A. will  they  go   &

58、#160;    B.  did  they  go    C.  do  they  go        D.  have  they  gone    10、_ you _ your  homework  yet？    Yes . I _  it  a  mome

59、nt  ago.    A.  Did； do； finished        B.  Have； done； finished    C.  Have； done； have  finished          D.  will； do； finish11、 His  father  _ th

60、e  Party  since  1978.    A.  joined    B.  has joined     C.  was in     D.  has  been  in    12、Do you know him well ？      Sure. We _ friends since

61、 ten years ago.    A.  were    B. have been       C. have become      D. have made    13、How long have you  _ here？    About two months.    A.  been &

62、#160;   B.  gone           C.  come          D.  arrived    14、Hurry  up！ They  play _ for  ten  minutes.    A.  has  be

63、gun           B.  had  begun    C.  has  been  on        D.  began    15、 It  _ ten  years  since  he  left  the  army. 

64、   A.  is          B.  has            C.  will           D.  was    16、 Miss  Green  isn't&

65、#160; in  the  office . she_  to  the  library.    A. has  gone     B. went        C. will  go          D.  has  been    17、M

66、y  parents _  Shandong  for  ten  years.    A.  have  been  in          B. have  been  to    C.  have  gone  to        

67、D. have  been    18、The students have cleaned the classroom，_？    A. so they      B. dont they     C. have they     D. havent they    19、_has Mr. White been a member of Greener China si

68、nce he _ to China？    A. How soon， comes           B. How often， got    C. How long， came        D. How far， arrived    20、 His uncle _ for more than 9 years.  

69、  A. has come here         B. has started to work    C. has lived there      D. has left the university第三章 句法基礎(chǔ)一. 了解句子成分與詞類之間的關(guān)系。 句子由句子成分組成，而句子成分又由某些特定的詞語擔當。句子成分分為：主語， 謂語， 賓語， 表語，補語，定語和狀語。（1） 主語 ( S)主語是一個句子敘述的主體，說明句

70、子講的是誰或者什么情況。名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，不定式，動詞ING等都可做主語。從句也可作主語。Mary is a good student.He enjoys going fishing.Playing football is my favorite sport.What we cant get seems better than what we have.（2） 謂語 ( V)謂語一般放在主語之后，用來說明主語的動作，特征，行為或者處于什么狀態(tài)。謂語通常由動詞或短語來充當，有時態(tài)，語氣，語態(tài)和人稱和數(shù)的變化，前面還可以加上助動詞或者情態(tài)動詞等。The room can hold twenty people. (情態(tài)動詞+ 動詞原形)She tea