Redhat Linux 6.4-64 Oracle 11gR2 64安裝手冊

1、Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4-64 Oracle 11gR2 64安裝手冊準(zhǔn)備安裝文件：紅帽企業(yè)Linux.6.4.服務(wù)器版.rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.isolinux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.ziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip一. 安裝前準(zhǔn)備：修改操作系統(tǒng)核心參數(shù)1. 修改用戶的SHELL的限制，修改/etc/security/limits.conf文件。輸入命令：vi /etc/security/limits.conf，按i鍵進入編輯模式，將下列內(nèi)容加入該文件。#use f

2、or oracleoracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536編輯完成后，按ESC鍵，輸入“：wq”存盤退出。2. 修改/etc/pam.d/login 文件，輸入命令：vi /etc/pam.d/login#installoracle11gsession required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so3. 修改linux內(nèi)核，修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件，輸入命令: vi /etc/sysctl.conf

3、，按i鍵進入編輯模式，將下列內(nèi)容加入該文件#use for oracle fs.file-max = 6815744 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 4194304 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wme

4、m_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576要使 /etc/sysctl.conf 更改立即生效，執(zhí)行以下命令。 輸入：sysctl p4. 編輯 /etc/profile ，輸入命令：vi /etc/profile，將下列內(nèi)容加入該文件。#use for oracle if $USER = oracle ; then if $SHELL = /bin/ksh ; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi5. 修改字符編碼，否則會出現(xiàn)安裝頁面亂

5、碼問題vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n #LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8LANG=en_US.UTF-86. 修改hosts文件，否則，可能出現(xiàn)安裝時，報錯：INS-20802Oracle Net Configureation Assistant failed.su root 注意使用root用戶修改rootoradb # vi /etc/hosts localhost localhost localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4:1 localhost localhost localhost6 localhost6.localdom

6、ain611 oradb其中，11為本機ip地址，oradb自定義，后面用到保存：service network start二. 創(chuàng)建用戶和組，以及安裝目錄1. 創(chuàng)建用戶和組groupaddoinstallgroupadddbauseradd-goinstall-Gdbaoraclepasswdoracle由于在創(chuàng)建linux過程中以創(chuàng)建用戶oracle這里給oracle用戶指定組 usermod-goinstall-Gdbaoracle可以用命令idoracle 查看用戶oracle信息2. 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件目錄和數(shù)據(jù)文件存放目錄，目錄的位置，根據(jù)自

7、己的情況來定，注意磁盤空間即可，這里我把其放到oracle用戶下,例如：mkdir /home/oracle/app mkdir /home/oracle/app/oracle mkdir /home/oracle/app/oradata mkdir /home/oracle/app/oracle/product 更改目錄屬主為Oracle用戶所有，輸入命令： chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/app 3. 配置oracle用戶的環(huán)境變量首先，切換到新創(chuàng)建的oracle用戶下, 輸入：su oracle 然后直接在輸入 ： vi .bash_profi

8、le 增加以下內(nèi)容： export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/appexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_SID=orclexport PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib#exportORACLE_TERM=xtermexport CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib:$ORACLE

9、_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME注意：復(fù)制時換行符M的問題使環(huán)境變量生效：source .bash_profile三. 安裝過程1. 安裝缺少的rpm包*這一步可后置，但個人建議此時做首先，root下掛載linux安裝時的iso鏡像，不會的度娘吧，不詳述了掛載后，進入Package目錄，預(yù)備備rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm rpm -ivh glibc-2.12-1.107.el6.i686.rpm nss-softokn-free

10、bl-3.12.9-11.el6.i686.rpm rpm -ivh compat-libstdc+-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.152-1.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm rpm -ivh libgcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libgcc-4.4.7-3.el6.i686.rp

11、m rpm -ivh libstdc+-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libstdc+-4.4.7-3.el6.i686.rpm rpm -ivh libstdc+-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libstdc+-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.i686.rpm rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.14-12.el6_3.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-12.el6_3.x86_64.rpm #安裝gcc，順序不能錯 rpm -ivh glibc-co

12、mmon-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh kernel-headers-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libgcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh glibc-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh nscd-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh glibc-headers-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm

13、 -ivh mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh cpp-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm#安裝gcc-c+，順序不能錯 rpm -ivh libstdc+-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libstdc+-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh

14、 gcc-c+-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm#下面兩個需自行度娘下載，光盤里沒有 rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-1.i386.rpmrpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm #install parallels desktop tools，下面可選操作 rpm -ivh kernel-devel-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.rpm sudo ./install2. 安裝oracle用戶進行安裝創(chuàng)建文件夾mzl用于存儲oracle11g安裝包將安裝包解壓縮注意：database所在目錄的擁有者必須是oracle：oins

15、tallroot用戶執(zhí)行xhost +再切換到oracle用戶，進入目錄cd/home/oracle/mzl/database./runInstaller以下安裝圖是盜了，僅供參考執(zhí)行next成功進入到check步驟在此步驟可看出少了很多安裝包，這一步我們之前做過了，可看到需要安裝的包都是i386(32位的包)，由于是64位操作系統(tǒng)，并且相應(yīng)64包都已安裝，可以選著ignore并進行下一步選擇finish，安裝ing設(shè)置超級賬戶密碼此處需要執(zhí)行兩個sh文件新打開終端su - root進入相應(yīng)目錄執(zhí)行四. 下面說下比較頭疼的問題，因為這個問題，反反復(fù)復(fù)裝了很多次，最后終于TMD的解決了安裝完數(shù)據(jù)

16、庫后，配置hosts +listener.ora+network+tnsnames.ora等文件直接關(guān)系到ora-12154、em無法訪問的問題1. 首先，先關(guān)閉ORACLE數(shù)據(jù)庫及偵聽等和Oracle相關(guān)的所有進程2. 修改hosts文件，之前做過得，就不用在做了rootoradb # vi /etc/hosts最后一行添加的 localhost localhost localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4:1 localhost localhost localhost6 localhost6.localdomain611

17、oradb3. 修改/etc/sysconfig/network添加如下：ETWORKING=yesHOSTNAME=oradb4. 修改listener.ora# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSE

18、xtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl) (ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) (SID_NAME = orcl) )LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1

19、521) ) (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb)(PORT = 1521) ) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /home/oracle/app5. tnsnames.ora文件可以不修改LISTENER_ORCL = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb)(PORT = 1521)ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb)(PORT = 1521

20、) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) )五. 啟動及測試1. 啟動監(jiān)聽rootoradb # su - oracleoracleoradb $ lsnrctl start2. 啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫3. 啟動控制臺em：11:1158/em4. 關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫5. 關(guān)閉監(jiān)聽6. 關(guān)閉控制臺em7. 常用命令netmgr Net Managernetcaemctl start | stop | status dbconsoledbcalsnrctl start | stop | sta

21、tusvi /etc/inittab 修改啟動#查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫參數(shù)select*fromv$nls_parameters;selectuserenv(language)fromdual;8. 使用dbstart、dbshut啟停數(shù)據(jù)庫a. 修改$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart、$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut文件查找“ORACLE_HOME_LISTENER”變量的定義處，修改為：ORACLE_HOME_LISTENER$ORACLE_HOMEb. 修改/etc/orataborcl:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbh

22、ome_1:N改為orcl:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y六. Oracle開機自啟動 Linux啟動時，會運行一個init程序，然后由init來啟動后面的任務(wù)，包括多用戶環(huán)境（inittab中設(shè)定）和網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。運行級就是當(dāng)前程序運行的功能級別，這個級別從1到6，具有不同的功能。這些級別在/etc/inittab中指定，該文件就是init程序?qū)ふ业闹饕募Ｗ钕冗\行的服務(wù)放在/etc/rc.d目錄下。文件以S開頭，代表start（啟動），后面的數(shù)字是啟動順序；文件以K開頭，代表kill（結(jié)束），同樣，后面的數(shù)字代表結(jié)束順序。 例

23、如/etc/rc2.d/S10network代表它與運行級別2有關(guān)，10就是他的啟動順序。 目錄介紹： init.d 這個目錄中存放了一些服務(wù)啟動腳本，系統(tǒng)安裝時的多個rpm包，這些腳本在執(zhí)行時可以用來啟動，停止和重啟這些服務(wù)。rcx.d（x為06） 這個目錄是啟動級別的執(zhí)行程序鏈接目錄，里面的文件都是指向init.d目錄中文件的一些軟連接。 配置步驟：1、修改dbstart和dbshut腳本：dbstart和dbshut兩個shell腳本，在oracle11g下，我們需要手動修改一下這兩個個腳本，將ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1這行修改為：ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER

24、=$ORACLE_HOME，保存退出2、修改/etc/oratab:orcl:$ORACLE_HOME:N修改為orcl:$ORACLE_HOME:Y將N修改為Y，表示可以在操作系統(tǒng)啟動階段運行oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫3、vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle，編輯如下信息：#! /bin/bash# chkconfig: 234 61 61# description: Oracle 11g AutoRun Service# /etc/rc.d/init.d/oraclecase $1 in start) # starts oracle listener and instance ec

25、ho Starting Oracle Database: su oracle -lc lsnrctl start su oracle -lc dbstart ; stop) # shutdown oracle listner and instance echo Shuting down Oracle Database: su oracle -lc lsnrctl stop su oracle -lc dbshut ; reload|restart) $0 stop $0 start ; *) echo Usage: start|stop|reload|restart exit 1esacexi

26、t 0編輯完成后，保存退出4、檢查一下腳本能否正確執(zhí)行：cd /etc/rc.d/init.d./oracle start./oracle stop5、執(zhí)行如下命令：chmod 750 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracleln s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc2.d/S61oracleln s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc3.d/S61oracleln s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc4.d/S61oracleln s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0

27、.d/K61oracleln s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K61oraclechkconfig -level 234 oracle on 開啟chkconfig -level 2345 oracle off 關(guān)閉chkconfig -add oracle關(guān)于chkconfig，執(zhí)行chkconfig時，需要在腳本中添加至少兩行注釋行，第一行告訴chkconfig該服務(wù)的運行級別；第二行添加關(guān)于服務(wù)的一些說明5、最后重啟動一下linux操作系統(tǒng)，檢查oracle是否自動啟動成功重新啟動后，oracle啟動成功，可以在系統(tǒng)啟動界面看到相關(guān)信息。七. 常

28、見問題1. vi /etc/inittab修改為3后，防止本地登入一直回復(fù)到login狀態(tài)的情況修改/etc/pam.d/login 文件，輸入命令：vi /etc/pam.d/login#installoracle11gsession required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so下面這兩行不能出現(xiàn)（找了很久才解決，網(wǎng)上大俠們寫的手冊看來不能全信）session requiredpam_limits.so session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so2. 執(zhí)行netca時報錯，解決方法：root執(zhí)行xhost + ,再

29、切換到oracle執(zhí)行netcaoracleoradb $ netcaOracle Net Services Configuration:No protocol specifiedError: nullCheck the trace file for details: /home/oracle/app/cfgtoollogs/netca/trace_OraDb11g_home1-1504187PM4556.logOracle Net Services configuration failed. The exit code is 13. oracle 10g數(shù)據(jù)庫字符集更改及其出現(xiàn)的異常1.更改

30、數(shù)據(jù)庫字符集為GBKSHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE; STARTUP MOUNT EXCLUSIVE; ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;ALTER DATABASE OPEN;ALTER DATABASE NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16; 更改國際字符集ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK; 更改本地字符集SHUTDOWN I

31、MMEDIATE;STARTUP ;- ALTER DATABASE NATIONAL CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE UTF8;- alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK ;- ALTER DATABASE NATIONAL CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;2.如果錯誤信息，請對照一下信息如果提示： ORA-12717: Cannot issue ALTER DATABASE NATIONAL CHARACTER SET when NCLOB, NCHARor NVAR

32、CHAR2 data exists則更改使用以下語句: ALTER DATABASE NATIONAL CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE AL16UTF16;如果提示： ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set則更改使用以下語句: ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;如果提示： ORA-12721: operation cannot execute when other sessions are active則更改

33、使用以下語句: SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE; STARTUP MOUNT EXCLUSIVE;如果提示： ORA-01109: database not open則更改使用以下語句: ALTER DATABASE OPEN;如果提示： ORA-12719: operation requires database is in RESTRICTED mode則更改使用以下語句:ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;4. Oracle 重新配置 EM oracleoradb $ echo $ORACLE_SID 查看當(dāng)前SID oracleoradb

34、 $ export ORACLE_SID=你的實例SID oracleoradb $ lsnrctl status 保證監(jiān)聽已經(jīng)啟動 oracleoradb $ ps ef | grep oracle 確保SID已經(jīng)啟動oracleoradb $ emca -config dbcontrol db -repos createSTARTED EMCA at Apr 19, 2015 4:55:34 PMEM Configuration Assistant, Version .2 ProductionCopyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rig

35、hts reserved.Enter the following information:Database SID: orcl 輸入要建立em的SIDListener port number: 1521輸入要建立em的SID的監(jiān)聽端口號Listener ORACLE_HOME /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 : 直接回車Password for SYS user: 輸入sysPassword for DBSNMP user: 輸入sysPassword for SYSMAN user: 輸入sysEmail address for

36、 notifications (optional): 直接回車Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications (optional): 直接回車-You have specified the following settingsDatabase ORACLE_HOME . /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1Local hostname . oradbListener ORACLE_HOME . /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1Lis

37、tener port number . 1521Database SID . orclEmail address for notifications . Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications . -Do you wish to continue? yes(Y)/no(N): y 輸入yApr 19, 2015 4:57:29 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig performINFO: This operation is being logged at /home/oracle/app/cfgtoollogs/em

38、ca/orcl/emca_2015_04_19_16_55_33.log.Apr 19, 2015 4:57:29 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepositoryINFO: Creating the EM repository (this may take a while) .Apr 19, 2015 4:59:29 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invokeINFO: Repository successfully createdApr 19, 2015 4:59:30 PM oracle.s

39、ysman.emcp.EMReposConfig uploadConfigDataToRepositoryINFO: Uploading configuration data to EM repository (this may take a while) .Apr 19, 2015 5:00:00 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invokeINFO: Uploaded configuration data successfullyApr 19, 2015 5:00:01 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil

40、 configureSoftwareLibINFO: Software library configured successfully.Apr 19, 2015 5:00:01 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig configureSoftwareLibraryINFO: Deploying Provisioning archives .Apr 19, 2015 5:00:25 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig configureSoftwareLibraryINFO: Provisioning archives d

41、eployed successfully.Apr 19, 2015 5:00:25 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil secureDBConsoleINFO: Securing Database Control (this may take a while) .Apr 19, 2015 5:00:55 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil secureDBConsoleINFO: Database Control secured successfully.Apr 19, 2015 5:00:55 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil startOMSINFO: Starting Database Control (this may take a while) .Apr 19, 2015 5:01:12 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConf