冀教版七年級英語下unit16語法和作文

1、Unit 1 數(shù)詞：數(shù)詞是表示數(shù)目和順序的詞。數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。三位數(shù)或三位數(shù)以上的基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成是在百位和十位之間（若十位為零，則在百位和個(gè)位之間）用and連接。250 two hundred and fifty 708 seven hundred and eight24 320 twenty-four thousand three hundred and twenty1. hundred, thousand, million(百萬), billion(十億)前面有具體數(shù)字時(shí)，本身不加s。eg: seven hundred 700 eight thousand 80002. 表示不確定數(shù)

2、目時(shí)，要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式+of。eg: hundreds of 成百上千的 thousands of 成千上萬的Plan of Our TripI will go on a trip to Beijing with my parents. We want to go there by train. We leave Shijiazhuang on Friday morning and arrive in Beijing in the afternoon. Then we have a good rest in the hotel. On Saturday, we want to visit som

3、e places of interest, such as Tiananmen Square, the Palace Museum and the Great Wall. On Sunday, we go to the Birds Nest, then we go back to Shijiazhuang. 注： have a good rest:好好休息 such as:例如A trip to BeijingI will go on a trip to Beijing with my friends this Saturday. We want to go there by train. B

4、ecause a train is fast. We want to visit Tiananmen Square, the Palace Museum and the Great Wall. I want to buy some presents for my family. I want to buy a T-shirt for my mother. I think well have a good time there.Unit 2 名詞復(fù)數(shù)：在英語中，名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞由單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)的形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種?？蓴?shù)名詞：1. 規(guī)則變化（1） 一般情況下，在名詞

5、后面加s。 eg. map-maps地圖 book-books書（2） 以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的名詞加es。eg. brush-brushes刷子 bus-buses公共汽車（3） 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加es。eg. country-countries國家 baby-babies嬰兒（4） 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，多變f或fe為ves，但也有例外。 eg. knife-knives小刀 leaf-leaves 葉子（5） 以o結(jié)尾的名詞，有些加es（有生命的事物）。eg. Potato-potatoes土豆 tomato-tomatoes西紅柿 hero-heroes英雄

6、negro-negroes黑人有些加s（無生命的事物）。 eg. Radio-radios收音機(jī) zoo-zoos 動物園2. 不規(guī)則變化（1） 將a變成e eg. man-men男人woman-women 女人 注：與man, woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是men和women。 eg. A man doctorfour men doctors 四位男醫(yī)生 a woman teachertwo women teachers 兩名女教師（2） 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 eg. sheep-sheep綿羊 ChineseChinese中國人 deer-deer鹿（3） 特殊記憶的名詞 eg. foot-

7、feet腳 tooth-teeth牙齒 child-children孩子可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)律名詞復(fù)數(shù)有規(guī)律，一般詞尾加s；輔音字母+y型，變y為i加es; sh, ch真有趣，s, x都+es; f, fe真小氣，字母v來把它替，es在后別忘記。字母o真神奇，有生命加es，沒有生命加s。可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)特殊變化規(guī)律中日好友來聚會，綿羊、鹿、魚把家回。男士、女士a變e; 牙、腳雙o變雙e；孩子們想去天安門，原形后面r, e, n; 老鼠本來愛大米，mice, ice和rice。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，或目前這一階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。構(gòu)成：be(am, is, are)+

8、現(xiàn)在分詞，be要與前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致?，F(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則：+ ing; 以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾, 去e+ing; 輔+元+輔結(jié)尾，最后只有一個(gè)輔，雙寫此輔+ing;以ie 結(jié)尾，變ie為y +ing.1. 表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作。Eg: Im watching TV now. 2. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，而在說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行。eg: He is learning English this year. 今年他在學(xué)英語。3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示即將發(fā)生的動作，表示按計(jì)劃或安排好的事情，常用于go, come, leave, arrive等動詞。Eg: We are leaving fo

9、r Beijing tomorrow. 我們明天出發(fā)去北京。注意: (1) 判斷一個(gè)句子是否用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般來說，要看這個(gè)句子所用的時(shí)間狀語，如now, listen, look等。 Eg: Listening! The girl is singing in the room.(2) 有些沒有時(shí)間狀語的句子，可以通過上下文的意思來判斷。 Eg: Be quiet! My father is sleeping. 安靜點(diǎn)！我爸爸正在睡覺。On the Train to BeijingMy name is Li Ming. My parents and I are on the train to

10、Beijing. There are many people on the train. Some people are playing cards and some are listening to music. My father is talking with others. My mother is reading newspapers. She is quiet. I am looking out of the window. I can see some green trees, and some small villages. We have milk and bread for

11、 our lunch. We are all having fun on the train. We arrive in Beijing at 5:00 in the afternoon. I hope well have a good time there. 注：play cards: 玩牌My New friendJim is my new friend. He is from Canada. He is thirteen years old. He is a student, too. When I went on a trip to Shanghai, I met him on the

12、 train. He lives in Shanghai with his parents. He studies in a middle school. He likes china. He wants to visit a lot of places of interest in China. He likes Chinese food very much. He loves drawing and playing football. He can also speak a little Chinese. He hopes to make more Chinese friends.注： g

13、o-went去 meet-met遇見，結(jié)識 middle school-中學(xué) draw-畫畫 playing football 踢足球 make friends交朋友Unit 3 There be 句型There be 句型表示“在某地有某人或者某物”。句型結(jié)構(gòu)：There + be + 某人/某物 + 地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語。1.there be 句型中的主謂一致原則。(1) 主語為單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be要用is。Eg: There is some water in the bottle.(2) 主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be要用are。Eg: There are some men under the

14、 tree.(3) there be 句型后的主語是由and 連接的并列名詞時(shí)，be 的形式要與鄰近的主語保 持一致，采取“就近原則”。Eg: There is a book and two pens in the bag.2.there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的句型變化：there be 句型變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)，在be 后面加not；變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r(shí)，將be 提到句首。肯定回答： Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isnt / arent.3.在there be 句型中，動詞be 要隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。Dear Mary,How are you? Im in Beijing

15、now. The weather in Beijing is sunny.Beijing is a beautiful city with a very long history. I visit the Great Wall, Tiananmen Square and the Palace Museum. Theyre great. I take a lot of pictures there. Ill show them to you as soon as I go back to Canada. I think youll like them.Please write to me soo

16、n.Love,JennyDear Dad,How are you？Mom and I are in Beijing now. Were fine. Beijing is a big and beautiful city. We visit Tiananmen Square, the Palace Museum and many other interesting places. And we also eat lots of delicious food and go shopping at Wangfujing Street. I buy a gift for you. We take ma

17、ny pictures in Beijing. Were having fun. Dont worry about us.Yours,Wu Fang注：delicious: 美味的Unit 4一般過去時(shí)概念：一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也可以表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last week, the day before yesterday, ago 等。構(gòu)成：主語+動詞過去式+其他含be 動詞的句式：動詞be 的過去式，was 和were 要牢記；否定句：was/were 后面not 添；疑問句：was/were 站到主語前。

18、含實(shí)義動詞的句式：實(shí)義動詞作謂語有特點(diǎn)，否定、疑問句要請did 來成全；還有動詞記得要還原。1. 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，此時(shí)常與yesterday, the day before yesterday, this morning, just now, ago, last 等時(shí)間狀語連用。Eg: I went to Beijing yesterday.2. 表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與often, always 等頻度副詞連用。Eg: She often watched TV after supper last year.3. 表示過去發(fā)生的一連串動作。Eg: This m

19、orning, she got up at six five, had breakfast and walked to work.動詞的過去式 如果句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，句中的謂語動詞要變?yōu)閯釉~的過去式。動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成分為兩種：規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。1. 規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成：（1）直接加ed。Eg: look-looked（2）以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d。eg: like-liked（3）以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的動詞，變y 為i，再加ed。Eg: cry-cried（4）末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加ed。Eg: shop-shopped stop-s

20、topped2. 常見的不規(guī)則動詞的過去式:Am/iswas go-went comecame dodid havehad see-saw eat-ate buy-bought fall-fell hurt-hurt say-said take-took break-broke fly-flew find-foundDear Li Hua,How are you? Im fine. Last week, I went to Beijing. I visited Tiananmen Square, the Palace Museum and the Great Wall. I also took

21、 some pictures there. I had fun. I walked to Wangfujing Street. I bought a special gift for you. I hope you like it. I will send the gift and some pictures to you. Please write me soon.Yours,Li MingLast Saturday was my friend Lucys birthday. My classmates and I went to her birthday party. I bought a

22、 red T-shirt as a birthday present. Lucy liked it very much. There was a big birthday cake and a lot of delicious food at the party. We sang a birthday song to her. We had a great time!Unit 5 頻度副詞是指表示動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)的副詞，通常和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用。常用的頻度副詞按頻率由大到小排列：always一直，總是；usually通常；often經(jīng)常；sometimes有時(shí)；seldom很少；hardly eve

23、r幾乎不；never從不。1. 對頻度副詞提問時(shí)，需用how often。 How often do you see your grandpa？2. 在句中的位置：一般放在 be 動詞（am, is, are, was, were）、助動詞(do, does, did 等)、情態(tài)動詞（can, may 等）之后。 實(shí)義動詞之前。 Eg: He is always like a little boy. I often go shopping by bike.3. sometimes有時(shí)，sometime某時(shí)，some times幾次，some time 一段時(shí)間。 Eg: I will visi

24、t you sometime next month. Sometimes I go to school on foot.I have a foreign classmate. Her name is Mary. She is thirteen years old. She is from Australia. Mary often helps me with English and I help her to speak Chinese. She likes singing very much. Sometimes she teaches me to sing English songs. S

25、he also likes learning Chinese.Mary often says she likes living in China. And she says she wants to talk with a lot of people in China.I have a good friend. He is a boy. His name is Robert. He comes from England. He has big eyes and they are round and bright. We knew each other last year. From then

26、on, we become good friends.At weekends, we often play basketball together. He plays it well. He often teaches me English and I teach him Chinese. We are good friends.Unit6Be going to 構(gòu)成的一般將來時(shí) 是除will/shall 之外的一種一般將來時(shí)的常用表達(dá)方式。一般是指通過計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作或保持的狀態(tài)。常和表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：tomorrow，next week/month/year/term等。

27、Be going to 后要接動詞原形。Be going to 句型分類 構(gòu)成 例句 肯定句主語+be going to+動詞原形+其他.I am going to have lunch. 我準(zhǔn)備吃午飯。 否定句主語+be not going to+動詞原形+其他.Jim isnt going to come back.吉姆沒打算回來。一般疑問句Be+主語+going to+動詞原形+其他?Are you going to finish it tomorrow? 你打算明天完成它嗎？特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+be+主語+going to+動詞原形+其他?Where are they going t

28、o travel? 他們將去哪兒旅游？注意：He is going swimming. 他將去游泳。（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來）感嘆句 用來表示喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈情感的句子稱為感嘆句。感嘆句多由what或how 引導(dǎo)，句尾使用感嘆號?；緲?gòu)成：1. What 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句基本結(jié)構(gòu)：What+ a/an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+(主語+謂語)！What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+(主語+謂語)！What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+(主語+謂語)！注意：口語和非正式用語時(shí)，括號內(nèi)的主語和謂語可以省略。 2. How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句基本結(jié)構(gòu)： How + a/an +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+(主語+謂語)！ How +形容詞+ (主語+謂語)！ How +副詞+ (主語+謂語)！ How + 主語 + 謂語！在感嘆句中，what 所修飾的中心詞為名詞，名詞前有時(shí)會有a/an, 一般會有形容詞。 How 修飾形容詞或副詞, 個(gè)別情況how 后直接跟主語和謂語。Eg: What a lovely dog it is! How beautiful the flowers are! What bad