高中語文 異彩紛呈 千姿百態(tài) 傳記體類舉隅 啟功傳奇課件 蘇教版選修《傳記選讀》 (236)

1、一、派生詞一、派生詞(一)后綴法1.變名詞(1)-ence,-ance結(jié)尾的名詞:存在existexistence 發(fā)生occuroccurrence查閱/參考referreference 更喜歡/偏好preferpreference考點清單考點清單不同differdifference接受acceptacceptance出現(xiàn)/外表appearappearance 履行performperformance抵制resistresistance指導(dǎo)guideguidance進(jìn)入enterentrance保險insureinsurance幫助assistassistance 忍受 endureendu

2、rance/toleratetolerance 典例1Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future (refer).參考答案reference解析句意:為了以后參考,你最好記下那個飯館的電話號碼。reference參考。(2)-tion,-sion結(jié)尾的名詞:生產(chǎn)produceproduction介紹introduceintroduction 消費consumeconsumption 減少reducereduction 認(rèn)為/假設(shè)assumeassumption/supposesupposition

3、毀滅 destroydestruction描寫describedescription打斷 interruptinterruption 采納/收養(yǎng) adoptadoption防止 preventprevention接收/接待處receivereception解決 solvesolution進(jìn)化evolveevolution 建議 suggestsuggestion編輯/版本 editedition展覽 exhibitexhibition 打算/意圖 intendintention認(rèn)出recognizerecognition 解釋/定義 definedefinition 保護(hù) protectpro

4、tection方向/指導(dǎo)directdirection指令 instructinstruction建設(shè)constructconstruction注射 injectinjection感染 infectinfection駁斥 rejectrejection反對 objectobjection/opposeopposition連接connectconnection收集 collectcollection糾正 correctcorrection 視察 inspectinspection挑選selectselection選舉 electelection限制 restrictrestriction抵觸/矛

5、盾contradictcontradiction 保留 reservereservation保存 preservepreservation保護(hù)conserveconservation觀察observeobservation挨餓starvestarvation組織organizeorganization文明 civilizecivilization認(rèn)識 realizerealization考試examineexamination 決定determinedetermination形成formformation 通知 informinformation 想象 imagineimagination 運

6、輸transporttransportation 邀請inviteinvitation 期待expectexpectation誘惑 tempttemptation 改編/適應(yīng) adaptadaptation移民 immigrateimmigration模仿 imitateimitation準(zhǔn)備preparepreparation探索exploreexploration考慮considerconsideration宣布 declaredeclaration裝飾 decoratedecoration 激發(fā)/靈感 inspireinspiration放松/休閑 relaxrelaxation交流co

7、mmunicatecommunication占用/職業(yè) occupyoccupation滿足satisfysatisfaction 申請/應(yīng)用 applyapplication暗示 implyimplication 推薦 recommendrecommendation口譯/理解 interpretinterpretation結(jié)合 combinecombination 操作/手術(shù) operateoperation 猶豫hesitatehesitation教育educateeducation 定位 locatelocation指出 indicateindication參加 participatep

8、articipation計算 calculatecalculation欣賞/感激appreciateappreciation聯(lián)想/協(xié)會 associateassociation 分離 separateseparation冬眠 hibernatehibernation賠償 compensatecompensation 調(diào)查 investigateinvestigation慶祝 celebratecelebration祝賀 congratulatecongratulation翻譯 translatetranslation積累 accumulateaccumulation加速 acceleratea

9、cceleration捐贈 donatedonation解放liberateliberation動力motivatemotivation革新innovateinnovation集中concentrateconcentration游行/示威 demonstratedemonstration 貢獻(xiàn)contributecontribution 分發(fā) distributedistribution促進(jìn) promotepromotion 致力 devotedevotion/dedicatededication沮喪 frustratefrustration/depressdepression印象impres

10、simpression表達(dá)expressexpression擁有/財產(chǎn)possesspossession討論discussdiscussion擴(kuò)大 expandexpansion延伸extendextension承認(rèn) admitadmission允許 permitpermission排放 emitemission爆炸explodeexplosion結(jié)論concludeconclusion決定 decidedecision劃分dividedivision迷惑confuseconfusion典例典例2 (2014安徽,29)Why not buy a second-hand car first i

11、f you dont have enough money for a new one?Thats a good (suggest).參考答案suggestion解析句意:如果你沒有足夠的錢買輛新車的話,為什么不先買輛二手車呢?那個建議不錯。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可推知設(shè)空處需用名詞形式,設(shè)空處前有不定冠詞,故設(shè)空處填suggestion。(3)-ment結(jié)尾的名詞:廣告 advertiseadvertisement同意 agreeagreement驚奇amazeamazement 吃驚 astonishastonishment通告announceannouncement 安排 arrangearrang

12、ement評估assessassessment 發(fā)展 developdevelopment失望disappointdisappointment雇用/就業(yè)employemployment鼓舞 encourageencouragement款待/娛樂entertainentertainment裝備 equipequipment統(tǒng)治/政府governgovernment改進(jìn)improveimprovement 投資 investinvestment卷入 involveinvolvement 管理 managemanagement懲罰 punishpunishment要求 requirerequirem

13、ent退休 retireretirement定居/定居處settlesettlement闡述/陳述 statestatement 對待/治療treattreatment以為基礎(chǔ)/地下室basebasement人行道 pavepavement完成/成就achieveachievement/accomplishaccomplishment(4)-ness結(jié)尾的名詞:adj.n.意識awareawareness/consciousconsciousness苦bitterbitterness盲目blindblindness冷靜 calmcalmness聰明 clevercleverness瘋狂craz

14、ycraziness渴望 eagereagerness公平fairfairness 愚蠢 foolishfoolishness適合 fitfitness幸福/愉快happyhappiness疾病illillness友好 kindkindness懶惰 lazylaziness孤單lonelyloneliness寧靜 quietquietness悲傷 sadsadness嚴(yán)重性 seriousseriousness甜美sweetsweetness穩(wěn)定 steadysteadiness厚度thickthickness累 tiredtiredness弱點 weakweakness冷/冷淡 coldco

15、ldness惶恐不安nervousnervousness思鄉(xiāng) homesickhomesickness 粗心 carelesscarelessness自私selfishselfishness 無私selflessselflessness/unselfishunselfishness 無助/無望helplesshelplessness/hopelesshopelessness 典例典例3A proposal has been put forward at a recent video conference that mea-sures be taken to raise the citizens

16、 (aware)of traffic safety.參考答案awareness解析句意:在最近的一次電視會議上提出了一項新的建議,必須采取措施來提高人們對交通安全的意識。根據(jù)語境和設(shè)空處前的名詞所有格可知此處需要名詞形式awareness.(5)-age結(jié)尾的名詞:婚姻marrymarriage短缺shortshortage儲存storestorage包裹packpackage車廂carrycarriage通道passpassage(6)-th結(jié)尾的名詞:溫暖warmwarmth真理truetruth死亡deaddeath生長growgrowth(7)-ure結(jié)尾的名詞:快樂pleaseple

17、asure離開departdeparture暴露exposeexposure壓力presspressure失敗failfailure混合mixmixture簽名signsignature(8)-ce結(jié)尾的名詞:adj.n.缺席 absentabsence 出席presentpresence信心 confidentconfidence 方便 convenientconvenience不同differentdifference 勤奮 diligentdiligence遠(yuǎn)的/距離distantdistance明顯的/證據(jù)evidentevidence優(yōu)秀excellentexcellence重要im

18、portantimportance獨立 independentindependence天真/無辜innocentinnocence智力 intelligentintelligence 剛正 justjustice耐心patientpatience浪漫 romanticromance沉默silentsilence暴力violentviolence v.n.冒犯 offendoffence 防御 defenddefense(AmE)defence(BrE)建議 adviseadvice設(shè)施 devisedevice(9)-dom結(jié)尾的名詞:自由freefreedom王國kingkingdom智慧w

19、isewisdom(10)-hood結(jié)尾的名詞:孩童時代childhood男孩時代boyhood鄰里neighborhood(11)-ship結(jié)尾的名詞:所有權(quán)ownership錦標(biāo)賽championship友誼friendship手藝craftsmanship獎學(xué)金scholarship領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能leadership艱難hardship關(guān)系relationship典例典例4Im not sure how much (school)you will receive,but it will rough-ly cover your major expenses.參考答案scholarship解析句意

20、:我不確定你能獲得多少獎學(xué)金,但是大體上夠你的主要開支。根據(jù)語境和設(shè)空前的how much可知此處需要一個不可數(shù)名詞scholarship。(12)-ing結(jié)尾的名詞:農(nóng)業(yè)farming變暖warming園藝gardening學(xué)業(yè)schooling繪畫painting意思meaning繪畫drawing訓(xùn)練training錄音tape-recording衣物clothing感覺feeling十字路口crossing薪水earnings問候greetings儲蓄savings所發(fā)生的事情happenings發(fā)現(xiàn)findings財產(chǎn)belongings痛苦sufferings貢品offerings

21、環(huán)境surroundings保齡球bowling舉重weight-lifting射擊shooting摔跤wrestling典例典例5The Internet allows us quick access to all the data and research (find)in the fields available worldwide.參考答案findings解析句意:因特網(wǎng)使得我們能夠快速利用全世界范圍內(nèi)某些領(lǐng)域所有的資料數(shù)據(jù)和研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)語境和設(shè)空前的名詞修飾詞research可知此處需要用名詞形式,且應(yīng)該是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式findings。2.變形容詞(1)-y結(jié)尾的形容詞:n.ad

22、j.陽光燦爛的sunsunny 多雨的rainrainy被雪覆蓋的snowsnowy有風(fēng)的windwindy有暴風(fēng)雨的stormstormy寒冷的chillchilly 多霧的fogfoggy有霜的frostfrosty 冰冷的iceicy陰沉的gloomgloomy布滿星星的starstarry泥濘的mudmuddy布滿灰塵的dustdusty臟的dirtdirty健康的healthhealthy富有的wealthwealthy 霸道的bossbossy臭的smellsmelly美味的tastetasty咸的saltsalty皮包骨的skinskinny貪婪的greedgreedy迅速的sp

23、eedspeedy狡猾的/棘手的tricktrickyv.adj.愛挑剔的choosechoosy/pickpicky黏的sticksticky悅耳易記的 catchcatchy害怕的 scarescary滑溜的slipslippery典例典例6The point is that you should be happy with what you already have and not risk losing it by being (greed)and trying to get more.參考答案greedy解析句意:重點是你應(yīng)該對已經(jīng)擁有的感到滿意,而不是冒著失去它的風(fēng)險貪婪地想要得到

24、更多。本題考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意可知要用形容詞形式。greedy貪婪的。(2)-al,-ial結(jié)尾的形容詞:n.adj.全球的globeglobal文化的 culturecultural農(nóng)業(yè)的 agricultureagricultural情景的situationsituational有條件的 conditionconditional環(huán)境的environmentenvironmental化學(xué)的chemistrychemical 醫(yī)學(xué)的medicinemedical原始的originoriginal政治的politicspolitical實際的practicepractical 理論的 theor

25、ytheoretical音樂的 musicmusical 感情的 emotionemotional國家的nationnational自然的naturenatural個人的personpersonal 偶尓的occasionoccasional精神上的mindmental 身體上的physicsphysical偶然的accidentaccidental教育的educationeducational技術(shù)上的techniquetechnical心理上的 psychologypsychological沿海的 coastcoastal種族的raceracial面部的 facefacial工業(yè)的indus

26、tryindustrial金融的financefinancial商業(yè)的commercecommercial官方的officeofficial有益的 benefitbeneficial典型的typetypical有影響的 influenceinfluential(3)-ful,-less結(jié)尾的形容詞:感激的thankthankful=grateful充足的plentyplentiful美麗的 beautybeautiful成功的successsuccessful可怕的aweawful忠實的faithfaithful和平的 peacepeaceful高興的 joyjoyful/cheercheer

27、ful=enjoyable非常干凈的spotspotless無休止的endendless 無家可歸的 homehomeless無工作的 jobjobless=unemployed身無分文的pennypenniless無私的 selfselfless=unselfish無目標(biāo)的 aimaimless無線的 wirewireless無限的 limitlimitless珍貴的/無價的pricepriceless=invaluable毫無價值的 valuevalueless/worthworthless無語的 speechspeechless上氣不接下氣的breathbreathless小心的,粗心的

28、 carecareful,careless多彩的,無色的colorcolorful,colorless有用的,無用的useuseful,useless成果豐碩的,無成效的fruitfruitful,fruitless強大的,無能力的powerpowerful,powerless有意義的,無意義的meaningmeaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless痛苦的,不痛的painpainful,painless后悔的,無悔的regretregretful,regretless有害的,無害的harmharmful,harmless閑適寧靜的,躁動不安的restr

29、estful,restless優(yōu)雅的,粗魯?shù)膅racegraceful,graceless抱有希望的,無望的hopehopeful,hopeless有幫助的/愿意幫忙的,無助的 helphelpful,helpless考慮周到的/不周到的 thoughtthoughtful,thoughtless典例典例7The real secret to (success)learning lies in students taking an in-terest in what they are doing.參考答案successful解析句意:成功學(xué)習(xí)的真正秘訣就在于學(xué)生們對自己學(xué)習(xí)的東西感興趣。根據(jù)語

30、境可知此處需要形容詞形式來修飾后面的名詞learning,所以參考答案為successful。(4)-(i)ous結(jié)尾的形容詞:n.adj.許多的numbernumerous多山的mountainmountainous冒險的adventureadventurous 緊張的 nervenervous有毒的 poisonpoisonous 危險的dangerdangerous災(zāi)難的disasterdisastrous小心的cautioncautious營養(yǎng)的 nutritionnutritious宗教的 religionreligious寬敞的 spacespacious有抱負(fù)的 ambition

31、ambitious 神秘的 mysterymysterious典例典例8They are still very (caution)about what side effect the new medicine will bring about,although the experts have tried it on about 2000 pa-tients.參考答案cautious解析句意:盡管專家已經(jīng)在大約2千個病人身上實驗過了,但他們?nèi)匀粚@種新藥會帶來什么樣的副作用很謹(jǐn)慎。根據(jù)語境和設(shè)空前的be very可知此處需要用形容詞形式cautious.(5)-able,-(s)ible 結(jié)尾

32、的形容詞:(不)可預(yù)見的 predict(un)predictable(不)可避免的 avoid(un)avoidable(不)可忘的forget(un)forgettable(不)想要的desire(un)desirable(不)舒服的comfort(un)comfortable有(不)利的favor(un)favorable(不)合適的suit(un)suitable(不)可忍受的bear(un)bearable(不)可忍受的endure(un)endurable(不)可信的believe(un)believable(不)可信的credit(in)credible(不)可接近的 acces

33、s(in)accessible看(不)見的view(in)visible(不)可治愈的cure(in)curable支付得起的affordaffordable適應(yīng)力強的adaptadaptable可更新的renewrenewable便攜的portportable多變的changechangeable可吃的eateatable可依靠的relyreliable可行的 workworkable有價值的valuevaluable合理的reasonreasonable高興的enjoyenjoyable流行的 fashionfashionable典例典例9My mom once worked in a v

34、ery small village school,which is (ac-cess)only on foot.參考答案accessible解析句意:我媽媽曾經(jīng)在一所很小的鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校工作過,那兒只能步行才能夠進(jìn)入。根據(jù)語境和設(shè)空前的系動詞is可知此處需要用形容詞形式accessible.(6)-tive結(jié)尾的形容詞:v.adj.多產(chǎn)的produceproductive迷人的attractattractive有創(chuàng)造力的createcreative 保護(hù)的protectprotective預(yù)防性的preventpreventative健談的talktalkative可供替代的alteralterna

35、tive相關(guān)的 relaterelative 有教育意義的instructinstructive有競爭力的competecompetitiven.adj.有效的effecteffective貴的expenseexpensive(7)-tic,-fic結(jié)尾的形容詞:系統(tǒng)的systemsystematic 科學(xué)的 sciencescientific戲劇般的dramadramatic浪漫的 romanceromantic有同情心的 sympathysympathetic精力充沛的energyenergetic(8)-en結(jié)尾的形容詞:羊毛的 woolwoolen金色的 goldgolden木制的 w

36、oodwooden(9)以-some結(jié)尾的形容詞:英俊的 handhandsome 令人驚嘆的 aweawesome令人煩惱的 troubletroublesome煩人的 tiretiresome(10)-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞:致命的deaddeadly活躍的 livelively友好的 friendfriendly 兄弟般的brotherbrotherly有次序的 orderorderly昂貴的 costcostly每月的monthmonthly每天的daydaily典例典例10You had better set aside some time every day for sports so

37、that you can keep yourself (energy).參考答案energetic解析句意:你最好每天都留出點時間來進(jìn)行體育活動,這為的是你能保持精力充沛。根據(jù)語境和分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是作賓語,應(yīng)該用形容詞形式energetic來說明賓語的狀態(tài)。3.變動詞(1)-fy結(jié)尾的動詞:凈化purepurify 簡化simplesimplify美化 beautifulbeautify使合理化 justjustify使恐懼terribleterrify使震驚horriblehorrify合格化qualityqualify分類classclassify認(rèn)出 identityidenti

38、fy(2)-ize結(jié)尾的動詞:adj.v.認(rèn)識到 realrealize 使現(xiàn)代化modernmodernize使工業(yè)化industrialindustrialize使普及 popularpopularize集權(quán)centralcentralize使全球化 globalglobalize使理想化 idealidealize使穩(wěn)定 stablestabilize 使正?；痭ormalnormalize社會化socialsocialize 使專門化specialspecializen.v.使物質(zhì)化materialmaterialize總結(jié)summarysummarize記憶memorymemoriz

39、e典例典例11Regardless of how you think of yourself,your social habits can easily become the thing that (identity)you.參考答案identify解析句意:不管你認(rèn)為自己如何,你在社交方面的習(xí)慣很容易成為給你定位的東西。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞the thing,設(shè)空處是從句的謂語動詞,所以參考答案為identify。(3)-en結(jié)尾的動詞:變暗darkdarken加快quickquicken削尖 sharpsharpen削弱 weakweaken松開 looselo

40、osen變緊 tighttighten軟化 softsoften使更明亮brightbrighten惡化 badworsen減少littlelessen減輕/變亮lightlighten變黑blackblacken加寬broadbroaden縮短 shortshortenadj.n.v.加深 deepdepthdeepen 加長longlengthlengthen加寬widewidthwiden 加高h(yuǎn)ighheightheighten加強 strongstrengthstrengthen(4)-e結(jié)尾的動詞(注意發(fā)音變化):n.v.洗澡bathbathe呼吸breathbreathe給穿衣c

41、lothclothe典例典例12Our bodies are (strong)by taking regular exercise.Similarly,our minds are developed through learning.參考答案strengthened解析句意:我們的身體靠經(jīng)常鍛煉來得到增強,同樣,我們的大腦要通過學(xué)習(xí)來得到開發(fā)。根據(jù)語境可知此處需要用被動語態(tài),所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是動詞形式strengthened。(二)前綴法1.超過over-:無意中聽到overhear超過overtake睡過頭oversleep推翻overthrow/overturn人口過剩overpopulat

42、ion克服overcome忽略/俯視overlook2.重新re-:康復(fù)/找回recover脫(衣服等)/移開remove續(xù)借/更換/續(xù)簽renew回收利用recycle替代replace使恢復(fù)精力 refresh改革 reform溫習(xí)review典例典例13Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to (call)the soul of Qu Yuan.參考答案recall解析句意:傳說端午節(jié)的起源是為了召回屈原的靈魂。根據(jù)語境可知此處表示“召回,使想起”,故填recall。3.前的fore-:預(yù)告 foret

43、ell前額 forehead預(yù)報forecast預(yù)知 foresee4.前的pre-:前提precondition預(yù)告 predict戰(zhàn)前的 pre-war幼兒園preschool預(yù)演preview5.前的ex-:前妻ex-wife前總統(tǒng) ex-president6.后的post-:戰(zhàn)后的 post-war研究生 postgraduate7.多的multi-:多媒體的multimedia多元文化的multicultural多項選擇的 multiple-choice8.遠(yuǎn)的tele-:電話telephone電視television電報telegram電信telecommunications望遠(yuǎn)鏡

44、telescope9.相互的inter-:面試interview國際的international互聯(lián)網(wǎng)Internet相互作用 interact10.微小的micro-:麥克風(fēng)microphone微波microwave微軟microsoft顯微鏡microscope11.自動的auto-:汽車automobile自傳autobiography親筆簽名autograph自動地automatically12.副的vice-:副總統(tǒng) vice-president副總理 vice-premier13.生態(tài)的 eco-:生態(tài)學(xué) ecology生態(tài)系統(tǒng) ecosystem生態(tài)友好的 eco-friendl

45、y典例典例14It is generally admitted that a knowledge of English is a must in the (nation)trade for todays China.參考答案international解析句意:人們公認(rèn)掌握英語是今日中國國際貿(mào)易的必須。根據(jù)語境可知此處需要用形容詞來修飾后面的名詞trade。14.中國的Sino-:中日的Sino-Japanese中石化 Sinopec15.潛/次一級 sub-:潛意識(的)subconscious亞熱帶的 subtropical地鐵subway潛水艇submarine郊區(qū)的suburban副標(biāo)題

46、subtitle16.半semi-:半熟練的 semi-skilled半決賽semi-final17.三tri-:三輪車tricycle三角形 triangle18.橫跨trans-:轉(zhuǎn)移 transfer轉(zhuǎn)變transform傳播transmit移植 transplant(三)否定的前綴或后綴1.in-,im-/il-,ir-不活躍的inactive不貴的 inexpensive缺乏經(jīng)驗的 inexperienced隨便的 informal不完整的incomplete不方便的inconvenient獨立的independent間接的indirect不重要的 insignificant無能力的

47、 incapable/incompetent不合適的improper/inappropriate不精確的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact不充足的inadequate/insufficient不成熟的immature不耐煩的impatient不完美的imperfect不可能的impossible不禮貌的impolite不合邏輯的illogical不合法的illegal不規(guī)則的irregular不負(fù)責(zé)的 irresponsible2.un-不尋常的unusual不安的uneasy不公平的unfair/unjust不知道的unaware/unconscious不確定的unce

48、rtain不受歡迎的unpopular不普通的uncommon不愉快的unpleasant不重要的unimportant不必要的unnecessary不成功的unsuccessful沒被注意的unnoticed不整潔的untidy不合理的unreasonable未完成的 unfinished/undone脫衣 undress打開unfold卸車unload開的鎖 unlock解凍unfreeze出土/挖掘 unearth擰開unscrew解開undo/unpack揭露uncover典例典例15Its (legal)for a public official to ask people for

49、gifts or money in exchange for favors to them.參考答案illegal解析句意:對政府官員來說向人們索要禮物或金錢來交換對他們的幫助是違法的。根據(jù)語境可知此處需要用形容詞形式,在括號中所給單詞的前面加前綴,即illegal。3.dis-消失disappear不鼓勵discourage揭露 disclose發(fā)現(xiàn)discover不同意 disagree不同意 disapprove不服從disobey不誠實的dishonest不滿意的dissatisfied可恥的 disgraceful弱點disadvantage 紊亂disorder4.mis-誤導(dǎo)(v

50、.)mislead誤導(dǎo)的(adj.)misleading誤解(v.)misunderstand濫用 misuse誤解(n.)misunderstanding拼錯 misspell不信任 mistrust5.anti-防空的anti-aircraft防凍劑antifreeze抗日戰(zhàn)爭 Anti-Japanese War反社會的antisocial6.de-降級 degrade減少decrease貶值 devalue解凍 defrost毀林 deforestation7.ill-虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed不禮貌的 ill-mannered不合時宜的ill-timed不

51、合適的ill-fitting沒教養(yǎng)的 ill-bred考慮欠周的ill-considered時運不濟(jì)的ill-fated非法得到的ill-gotten不健康 ill health8.non-非營利的non-profit直達(dá)的non-stop不吸煙者non-smoker防滑的non-slip廢話nonsense非暴力non-violence不可再生資源 non-renewable resources9.-free無憂無慮的carefree無利息的 interest-free免稅的duty-free10.-proof防水的 waterproof防震的 shockproof典例典例16How was

52、 it that the farmers (cover)the entrance to the secret cave in the valley?參考答案discovered解析句意:這些農(nóng)民們到底是怎么發(fā)現(xiàn)山谷中這個秘密山洞的入口的呢?根據(jù)語境可知此處應(yīng)該用及物動詞“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,所以參考答案為discover。二、轉(zhuǎn)化二、轉(zhuǎn)化(一)動詞與名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換:如:1.倒退(v.)He backed his car into the garage.支持(v.)You are not alone,and we are all backing you.背后(n.)Shes the kind of person

53、 who talks about you behind your back.2.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)(v.)He headed the rebellion.使對著某處行進(jìn)(v.)He headed his boat for the shore.頭(n.)He was shot in the head,dead.3.缺乏(v.)I lack words with which to express my thanks.缺乏(n.)Lack of proper funding is making our job more difficult.如:1.越過(v.)The dog succeeded in cleari

54、ng the fence.清理(v.)He cleared the table by taking plates,forks and knives away.清楚的(adj.)To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be very difficult.2.打掃(v.)Your shoes need cleaning.干凈的(adj.)Try to keep your room clean and tidy.3.意味著(v.)What do you mean by saying that?吝嗇的(adj.)He ha

55、s always been mean with his money.(三)形容詞與名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換:身體好的/井 well好的/罰款 fine公平的/展覽會 fair主要的/首領(lǐng) chief(二)動詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換:耐心的/病人 patient安全的/保險箱 safe堅定的/公司 firm穩(wěn)定的/馬廄stable相對的/親戚relative平淡的/平原plain滿意的/內(nèi)容content具體的/混凝土concrete三、合成三、合成1.合成形容詞(1)adj.+present participle漂亮的good-looking聞著芳香的sweet-smelling隨和的easy-going 長相一般

56、的ordinary-looking(2)adv.+present participle永久的ever-lasting職位高的high-ranking暢銷貨best-selling goods=bestseller(3)adv.+past participle著名的well-known新婚的 newly-married本地制造的locally-produced堅信的firmly-believed密切相關(guān)的closely-related 廣泛接受的 widely-accepted穿著隨意的informally-dressed容易形成的easily-formed牢固的 strongly-built

57、高度發(fā)達(dá)的highly-developed人口稠密的 densely-populated 正式發(fā)行的officially-released正式承認(rèn)的officially-recognized(4)n.+present participle省時的time-saving耗能的energy-consuming愛好和平的peace-loving制片的film-making傷心的heart-breaking令人驚嘆的breathtaking 說英語的English-speaking解決問題的problem-solving 令人垂涎的 mouth-watering贏利的profit-making(5)n.

58、+past participle國營的state-owned由衷的 heartfelt人造的 man-made覆蓋雪的snow-covered粗糙的 weather-beaten國產(chǎn)的home-made一貧如洗的 poverty-stricken好奇心驅(qū)使的curiosity-driven個體經(jīng)營的self-employed政府支持的 government-backed(6)n.+adj.環(huán)保的environment-friendly=environmentally-friendly節(jié)能的energy-efficient有成本效益的cost-effective(7)adj.+n.+-ed心不在焉的absent-minded心地善良的kind-hearted目光短淺的short-sighted近視的near-sighted左撇子的left-handed頭發(fā)花白的white-haired長尾巴的long-tailed和藹可親的good-