高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題一閱讀理解主旨大意題專練一__文章大意類

1、- -主旨大意題專練（ 一） 文章大意類A2019 湖南省師大附中高三檢測(cè) Almost every day we come across situationswhere we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to ge

2、t, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their rights to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion （ 幻覺 ）, a false idea created by companies and advertisers, hoping to sell their products.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives. Buying something as ba

3、sic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shoppers giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. Recent studies have shown that many electrical go

4、ods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided ortrusted to the hands of the professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of produ

5、cts come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed ma

6、kes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.體裁：議論文題材：介紹說明主題：選擇并非一種權(quán)利【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇議論文，當(dāng)今社會(huì)，很多人誤以為選擇是自己擁有的一項(xiàng)權(quán)利。其實(shí)，在很多情況下，那只是一種幻覺，不過是被一些公司或廣告商為了出售他們的產(chǎn) 品而營造的一種錯(cuò)誤想法?！倦y句分析】 And for those who think they are exercising the

7、ir rights to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertisers, hoping to sell their products.分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句， for those who think they are exercising their rights to make choices 是介詞短語在句子中作狀語， 其中 who think they are exercising their rights to make ch

8、oices 是定語從句，修飾前面的 those ；主句部分為 the whole system is merely an illusion, 句型為：主語系動(dòng)詞表語； a false idea created by companies and advertisers. products 為同位語，其中 created by companies and advertisers 為后置 定語， hoping to sell their products 為伴隨狀語。譯文：對(duì)那些認(rèn)為在行使他們的權(quán)利作出選擇的人來說，這一整個(gè)制度不過是一個(gè)幻覺，它是由一些公司和廣告商希望出售他們的產(chǎn)品而營造出來的錯(cuò)誤

9、想法。1 What does the author try to argue in the first paragraph?A The practice of choice is difficult.B Choice is a born right.C Its easy to make choices.D Companies offer good shopping choice.答案與解析： A 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“ But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a lux

10、ury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. ”可知，作者認(rèn)為對(duì)世界上的很多人來說，選擇并非是一種權(quán)利，無論是在貧窮的國家還是在富有的國家中，選擇對(duì)他們來說其實(shí)是一種奢侈品，很美好但很難得到。也就是說選擇是很難做到的，故選 A 項(xiàng)。2 Which of the following is most likely to cause anxiety?A Easy access to everyday goods.B Too many choices.C Misleading advertisements.D Professional s

11、hopping advice.答案與解析： B 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ The endle ss choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives. ”可知，無休止的選擇催生出人們生活中的焦慮，即人們焦慮 是因?yàn)檫x擇太多而導(dǎo)致的，故選 B 項(xiàng)。3 The example of computers is used to prove that .A updated products flood the marketB high-tech products are of poor qualityC everyday goods need to be

12、 replacedD advanced products are in demand答案與解析： A 考查推理判斷。 根據(jù)最后一段中的“ Advances in design and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out

13、-of-date once they are bought. ”可知，產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)和 生產(chǎn)方面的進(jìn)步加速了 （ 產(chǎn)品 ） 被推向市場(chǎng)的進(jìn)程，產(chǎn)品也需要縮短使用期，電腦便是其中的- - -一個(gè)例子。由此可以推斷，作者以電腦為例，證明市場(chǎng)上充斥著更新的產(chǎn)品，故選A項(xiàng)。What is this passage mainly about?The opinions on peoples right.The problems of the availability of daily goods.The helplessness in purchasing decisions.The variety of c

14、hoices in modern society.答案與解析：C考查主旨大意?？v觀全文，尤其是文章最后一句Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety .” 可知，本文主要講述了人們?cè)谫徫飼r(shí)因?yàn)檫x擇太多而無法簡(jiǎn)單選擇的現(xiàn)狀，故選C項(xiàng)。B2019 -鄭州高三第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè) Are you a procrastinator （拖延者）？ Its acommon problem. And it can be harmful, as pr

15、evious research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower well-being,reported theAssociation for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.Psychologists think that each person

16、 believes that they are really two people : aPresent Me and Future Me .People act as if they prefer theircurrentselves needs and desires to those of theirfuture selves , “ wrotepsychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman.Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make a Present Me imag ine

17、exactly how “Future Me would feel the night before a big paper was due, though aPresent Me hadnt started yet. They made aPresent Me think about a far-off event a number of days away, not months or years.Thinking about events in this_way meant that something like a friends wedding seemed 16.3 days so

18、oner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years. For example, participan

19、ts imagined they had a newborn child, and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6,570 days. The researchers found those in the days condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years condition.So if you think of your life in days instead of years,

20、 you may get thingsdone quicker.體裁：說明文題材：科學(xué)研究主題：如何應(yīng)對(duì)拖延癥【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，探究了一種應(yīng)對(duì)拖延癥的方法?！臼煸~生義】due 常用義； adj . 因?yàn)?，由于例句?The teams success was largely due to her efforts.這個(gè)隊(duì)的成功在很大程度上是她努力的結(jié)果。本句義： adj . 到期例句： Payment is due on 1 October. 付款期限為 10 月 1 日?！倦y句分析】 The researchers also tried to find out whether pe

21、ople would takeaction sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years.分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。 whether 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作find out 的賓語； if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；“ a certain event was happening in several days rather than years ”是省略了 that 的賓語從句，作told 的賓語。譯文：研究人員也試圖弄清楚如果人們被告知某事將在幾天而不是幾年后發(fā)生，他們是否

22、會(huì)更快采取行動(dòng)。5 What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?A To work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.B To find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.C To discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of well-being.D To prove

23、its helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.答案與解析： D 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)對(duì)第三段的整體理解可知， Oyserman 和 Lewis 想要通過他們的研究去驗(yàn)證把“現(xiàn)在的我”和“將來的我”聯(lián)系起來是否會(huì)對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)拖延癥有一定的幫助，故選D項(xiàng)。6 The underlined part “ this way ” in Paragraph 4 refersto “ ”A setting up tough deadlinesfollowing schedules strictlyC counting in sma

24、ller units of timeD imagining how your future self will feel答案與解析： C 考查詞義猜測(cè)。承接第三段最后一句“ They made Present Me think about a far-off event a number of days away, notmonths or years ”可推知，畫線部分是指用更小的時(shí)間單位去計(jì)量，故選C。 What helps prevent people from procrastinating?A Comparing their future selves with present se

25、lves.Considering their current selves needs and desires.C Thinking about far-off events in days rather than years.D Marking important events on a calendar as a reminder.答案與解析： C 考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容以及最后一段“ So if you think ofyour life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker ”可推知，用天而不是用年去

26、考慮將來所發(fā)生的事情會(huì)幫助拖延者不再拖延，故選C項(xiàng)。8 What does the passage mainly talk about?A A way to get things done in time.The harmful effects of procrastination.C The reason to overlook future needs and desires.D The way to reduce stress and improve happiness.答案與解析：A 考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ Buta new study has found a wayto

27、deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self ”，并結(jié)合對(duì)全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要探究了一種應(yīng)對(duì)拖延癥的方法，故選 A 項(xiàng)。2019 昆明市教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè) Five-year-old Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class

28、started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.Her teacher, Shannon Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisillas mom were concerned, but their ideas didnt work. “ We had classroomdiscussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long

29、 hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks ，” Grimm said. “ However, it wasnt sinking in. ”Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her haira scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hairlong and took pride in it.“Ive n

30、ever had short hair, and I stressed about it fortwo weeks before making a decision ，” she said. OnJan. 4, Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried ，” she said.The class loved their teachers new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the schoo

31、l bus that afternoon yelling, “ Mom, Ms. Grimm cut her hair ！” The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl, so they could style their hair together.In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school districtsStudent of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she

32、 received a surprise “ hero medal ” from the girl. “ Now we have matching awards ，” says Grimm.Prisillas mother, Maria, said that Grimms thoughtfulness brought hertotears. “ I was shocked. I was crying. I couldnt believe it she did somethingI wo uldnt have the bravery to do. I will never forget that

33、.”體裁：記敘文 題材：學(xué)校生活主題：Grimm老師剪短頭發(fā)以幫助Prisilla【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了 Grimm老師剪短頭發(fā)以幫助學(xué)生Prisilla的故事?！臼煸~生義】 do 常用義： v. 做例句： Have you done your homework yet ？你做完家庭作業(yè)了嗎？本句義：n. 發(fā)型例句： We all like her new do. 我們都喜歡她的新發(fā)型?！倦y句分析】 I couldnt believe it she did something I wouldnt have thebravery to do.分析：句中“ I wouldnt have the bravery to do ”是省略了關(guān)系代詞that 的定語從句。譯文：她做了連我都沒有勇氣去做的事兒，我難以相信。 Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?A She wasnt satisfied with her teacher.She couldnt concentrate in class.C She was laughed at by her classmates.D She couldnt get on well with others.答案與解析： C 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。 根據(jù)第一段