基于LINUX平臺安裝rac總結(jié)

1、 基于LINUX平臺安裝RAC總結(jié) 實(shí)驗(yàn)所需軟件：安裝平臺：Linux AS4虛擬機(jī)：Vmware Server數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件：Oracle 10g 10.2.0數(shù)據(jù)庫集群軟件：Oracle Clusterware安裝ASM所需要的包，主要有三個配置虛擬機(jī)：在本機(jī)上創(chuàng)建一個存放虛擬機(jī)的路徑，在此路徑下分別創(chuàng)建三個文件夾：NODE1 （此處存放節(jié)點(diǎn)1）NODE2 （此處存放為節(jié)點(diǎn)2）STR （此處存放節(jié)點(diǎn)1和節(jié)點(diǎn)2的共享存儲磁盤）添加共享磁盤要注意存放路徑并選擇磁盤為independent-persistent模式。如果共享磁盤不能讓兩個節(jié)點(diǎn)共享，則無法安裝RAC。添加兩塊網(wǎng)卡。將操作系統(tǒng)ISO文件

2、加載到虛擬機(jī)光驅(qū)。創(chuàng)建完虛擬機(jī)關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)。打開虛擬機(jī)路徑下的.vmx文件。使用記事本修改，添加如下內(nèi)容，粗體字為添加內(nèi)容。 config.version = 8virtualHW.version = 4scsi0.present = TRUEscsi0.virtualDev = lsilogicmemsize = 700scsi0:0.present = TRUEscsi0:0.fileName = localdisk.vmdkide1:0.present = TRUEide1:0.fileName = auto detectide1:0.deviceType = cdrom-rawflopp

3、y0.fileName = A:Ethernet0.present = TRUEdisplayName = rac1guestOS = rhel4priority.grabbed = normalpriority.ungrabbed = normaldisk.locking = FALSEdiskLib.dataCacheMaxSize = 0scsi1.sharedBus = virtualscsi1.present = TRUEscsi1:0.present = TRUEscsi1:0.fileName = D:vmracsharedstorageocfs2disk.vmdkscsi1:0

4、.mode = independent-persistentscsi1:0.deviceType = diskscsi1:1.present = TRUEscsi1:1.fileName = D:vmracsharedstorageasmdisk1.vmdkscsi1:1.mode = independent-persistentscsi1:1.deviceType = diskscsi1:2.present = TRUEscsi1:2.fileName = D:vmracsharedstorageasmdisk2.vmdkscsi1:2.mode = independent-persiste

5、ntscsi1:2.deviceType = diskscsi1:3.present = TRUEscsi1:3.fileName = D:vmracsharedstorageasmdisk3.vmdkscsi1:3.mode = independent-persistentscsi1:3.deviceType = diskscsi1.virtualDev = lsilogicide1:0.autodetect = TRUEfloppy0.present = FALSEEthernet1.present = TRUEEthernet1.connectionType = hostonlyLINU

6、X as 的安裝：操作系統(tǒng)安裝步驟省略。安裝虛擬機(jī)步驟和安裝單機(jī)ORACLE步驟相同。主要是在設(shè)置網(wǎng)卡的時候略有不同：注意第一塊網(wǎng)卡ETH0 為本機(jī)的真實(shí)IP，可以設(shè)置第一塊網(wǎng)卡的IP：01 mask （注意網(wǎng)段）第二塊網(wǎng)卡 ETH1為私有IP，做privip。可以設(shè)置第二塊網(wǎng)卡IP： 1 mask 配置操作系統(tǒng)：創(chuàng)建用戶組、用戶及安裝文件夾（以root用戶執(zhí)行下列操作）# groupadd oinstall# groupadd dba# mkdir -p /export/home/oracle /u01# useradd -d /export/home/oracle -g oinstall

7、-G dba oracle# chown oracle:dba /export/home/oracle /u01# passwd oracleNew Password:Re-enter new Password:passwd: password successfully changed for oracle修改oracle用戶的環(huán)境變量（此處注意用戶為oracle，如果以root用戶修改必須修改 oracle 用戶 home 目錄下的 .bash_profile）添加如下內(nèi)容：export PS1=/bin/hostname -s- export ORACLE_SID=devdb1export

8、 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1export ORA_CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/crs_1export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/libexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:$PATHumask 022創(chuàng)建目錄結(jié)構(gòu)：用oracle用戶執(zhí)行以下操作rac1- mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin rac1- mkdir

9、-p $ORACLE_HOMErac1- mkdir -p $ORA_CRS_HOMErac1- mkdir -p /u01/oradata/devdb修改oracle用戶的shell限制，使用root用戶修改 /etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536安裝oracle軟件所需要的程序包，此處安裝和單機(jī)環(huán)境需要的軟件包相同，故省略。修改系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù)，在./etc/sysctl.conf中添加如下內(nèi)容（r

10、oot用戶修改）kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 65536net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000net.core.rmem_default = 1048576net.core.rmem_max = 1048576net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 262144注意：在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中kernel.sem

11、的值不能小于SGA-target的值。修改/etc/host （root用戶執(zhí)行修改） localhost71 node172 node281 node1-vip82 node2-vip1 node1-priv2 node2-priv配置 hangcheck timer 內(nèi)核模塊（root用戶執(zhí)行修改）修改：/etc/modprobe.conf 添加如下內(nèi)容options hangcheck-timer hangcheck_tick=30 hangcheck_margin=180磁盤分區(qū)：（root用戶執(zhí)行）分別將sdb、sdc、sdd、sde執(zhí)行下列操作# fdisk /dev/sdbCom

12、mand (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-512, default 1):Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-512, default 512):Using default value 512Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!C

13、alling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.安裝ASM程序包：（root用戶執(zhí)行）oracleasm-support-2.0.3-2oracleasm-2.6.9-.1.ELsmp-2.0.3-2oracleasmlib-2.0.2-1上面的軟件包可以到oracle官網(wǎng)下載下載時注意和操作系統(tǒng)版本想對應(yīng)，安裝時注意安裝順序。裸磁盤映射：（root用戶執(zhí)行）修改/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices 添加如下內(nèi)容：/dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdc1/dev/raw/raw2 /dev/sdd1/dev/r

14、aw/raw3 /dev/sde1/dev/raw/raw4 /dev/sdb1原始設(shè)備在引導(dǎo)時會重新映射。默認(rèn)情況下，在引導(dǎo)時原始設(shè)備的擁有者將更改為 root 用戶。如果擁有者不是 oracle 用戶，則 ASM 在訪問共享分區(qū)時會出現(xiàn)問題。/etc/udev/permissions.d/50-udev.permissions # raw devicesram*:root:disk:0660#raw/*:root:disk:0660raw/*:oracle:dba:0660修改裸設(shè)備的權(quán)限：# chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw1-4# chmod 660 /dev

15、/raw/raw1-4oracle用戶執(zhí)行以下操作node1- ln -sf /dev/raw/raw1 /u01/oradata/devdb/asmdisk1node1- ln -sf /dev/raw/raw2 /u01/oradata/devdb/asmdisk2node1- ln -sf /dev/raw/raw3 /u01/oradata/devdb/asmdisk3配置第二個虛擬機(jī)：關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)電源，將node1目錄下的所有文件拷貝到已創(chuàng)建的node2目錄下注意：不要對共享磁盤所在文件夾SRT下的文件做任何操作拷貝完成后打開第二個虛擬機(jī)修改一下內(nèi)容：修改節(jié)點(diǎn)2的網(wǎng)卡eth0的IP地址

16、為：72 mask Eth1的ip地址為：2 mask 修改主機(jī)名為：node2修改etc/hosts：添加 localhost（如果存在則無需添加）做完上述修改后，重啟網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)，service network restart 然后打開第一個虛擬機(jī)建立節(jié)點(diǎn)一和節(jié)點(diǎn)二oracle用戶的等效性（此處oracle用戶執(zhí)行）要建立用戶等效性，請?jiān)趦蓚€節(jié)點(diǎn)上以 oracle 用戶身份生成用戶的公鑰和私鑰。打開 rac1 的電源，在這兩個節(jié)點(diǎn)上執(zhí)行以下任務(wù)。在 rac1 上執(zhí)行 rac1- mkdir /.sshrac1- chmod 700 /.sshrac1- ssh-keygen -t rsaGen

17、erating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa):Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:Your identification has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /export/home/oracle

18、/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:87:54:4f:92:ba:ed:7b:51:5d:1d:59:5b:f9:44:da:b6 oraclerac1- ssh-keygen -t dsaGenerating public/private dsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa):Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:You

19、r identification has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.Your public key has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:31:76:96:e6:fc:b7:25:04:fd:70:42:04:1f:fc:9a:26 oracle在 rac2 上執(zhí)行 rac2- mkdir /.sshrac2- chmod 700 /.sshrac2- ssh-keygen -t rsaGenerating pub

20、lic/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa):Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:Your identification has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rs

21、a.pub.The key fingerprint is:29:5a:35:ac:0a:03:2c:38:22:3c:95:5d:68:aa:56:66 oraclerac2- ssh-keygen -t dsaGenerating public/private dsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa):Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:Your identific

22、ation has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.Your public key has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:4c:b2:5a:8d:56:0f:dc:7b:bc:e0:cd:3b:8e:b9:5c:7c oracle在 rac1 上執(zhí)行 rac1- cat /.ssh/id_rsa.pub /.ssh/authorized_keysrac1- cat /.ssh/id_dsa.pub /.ssh/autho

23、rized_keysrac1- ssh rac2 cat /.ssh/id_rsa.pub /.ssh/authorized_keysThe authenticity of host rac2 (32) cant be established.RSA key fingerprint is 63:d3:52:d4:4d:e2:cb:ac:8d:4a:66:9f:f1:ab:28:1f.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added rac2,32 (RSA) to the l

24、ist of known hosts.oraclerac2s password:rac1- ssh rac2 cat /.ssh/id_dsa.pub /.ssh/authorized_keysoraclerac2s password:rac1- scp /.ssh/authorized_keys rac2:/.ssh/authorized_keysoraclerac2s password:authorized_keys 100% 1716 1.7KB/s 00:00在每個節(jié)點(diǎn)上測試連接。驗(yàn)證當(dāng)您再次運(yùn)行以下命令時，系統(tǒng)是否不提示您輸入口令。 ssh rac1 datessh rac2 dat

25、essh rac1-priv datessh rac2-priv date安裝clusterware1、將clusterware.zip上傳到節(jié)點(diǎn)一2、使用oracle用戶登錄圖形界面，執(zhí)行：upzip clusterware.zip3、執(zhí)行完畢后執(zhí)行./runInstaller4、彈出歡迎界面后，直接點(diǎn)擊NEXT5、編制目錄為/u01/app/oraInvemory，此處默認(rèn)即可不需要修改。點(diǎn)擊下一步6、ORACrs10g_home的路徑要和ORA_CRS_HOME的路徑對應(yīng)，應(yīng)該為/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1,如果默認(rèn)路徑為/u01/app/or

26、acle/product/10.2.0/db_1則安裝后文件比較混亂，完成后點(diǎn)擊下一步。7、此處為系統(tǒng)安裝前的檢查，如果出現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存驗(yàn)證無法通過則可以忽略，如果是其他警告則要根據(jù)提示進(jìn)行修改。完成后點(diǎn)擊下一步。8、添加節(jié)點(diǎn)NODE2，按照NODE1進(jìn)行添加，完成后點(diǎn)擊下一步。9、修改網(wǎng)卡EHT0作為公共接口。完成點(diǎn)擊下一步10、通過手工指定OCR disk的路徑 /dev/raw/raw1 ，完成后點(diǎn)擊下一步11、通過手工指定vote disk的路徑 /dev/raw/raw2 ，完成后點(diǎn)擊下一步12、點(diǎn)擊Installer進(jìn)行安裝。13、安裝完畢后會提示運(yùn)行四個腳本，此處的腳本注意必須以ro

27、ot用戶運(yùn)行，要按照循序運(yùn)行，不要同時運(yùn)行腳本。完成后點(diǎn)擊OK14、此時會彈出一個錯誤警告，此錯誤是由于VIP沒有指定造成的。暫時不要關(guān)閉窗口，到node2使用root用戶執(zhí)行/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/vipca彈出VIP界面后點(diǎn)擊下一步選擇eth0，點(diǎn)擊下一步在node1中輸入81 然后按tab鍵會自動補(bǔ)齊剩下的內(nèi)容。點(diǎn)擊下一步這里會創(chuàng)建VIP資源并啟動。完成后退出。使用crsctl check crs檢查CRS是否啟動：node2- crsctl check crsCSS appears healthyCRS appears heal

28、thyEVM appears healthy使用crs_stat v t命令查看CRS狀態(tài)：node1- crs_stat -t -vName Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host -ora.devdb.db application 0/1 0/1 ONLINE ONLINE node1 ora.b1.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1 ora.b2.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2 ora.SM1.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLIN

29、E ONLINE node1 ora.E1.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1 ora.node1.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1 ora.node1.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1 ora.node1.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1 ora.SM2.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2 ora.E2.lsnr applica

30、tion 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2 ora.node2.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2 ora.node2.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2 ora.node2.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2安裝 Oracle 數(shù)據(jù)庫 下載后，在 rac1 上以 oracle 用戶身份執(zhí)行rac1- /u01/staging/database/runInstaller歡迎頁面：單擊 Next。 選擇安裝類型： 選擇 Enterprise Edition。指定 Home 詳細(xì)內(nèi)容：路徑：/u01/app/oracle/pro