Unit4Problemsandadvice-句子成分與基本句型課件

1、Module 2 Ideas and viewpointsUnit 4 Problems and adviceModule 2 Unit 4句子成分定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語。Grammar 句子成分定義：Grammar 一、主語主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于_ 。1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing foot

2、ball after school is great fun.句首一、主語主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。主語一般1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.二、謂語謂語：說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由_ 充當(dāng)。動詞常分為實(shí)義動詞，連系動詞，情態(tài)動詞和助動詞。動詞1. We love China.二、謂語謂語：說明主語做什情態(tài)動詞和助動詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語，必須和實(shí)義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。They can speak Englis

3、h well.They are playing over there.情態(tài)動詞和助動詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語，必須和實(shí)義動詞或系動詞一1）狀態(tài)系動詞，用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動詞，用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stayHe always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時(shí)總保持沉默。 系動詞1）狀態(tài)系動詞，用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞 系動詞3）表像系動詞，用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. He seems (

4、to be) very sad.4）感官系動詞，主要有feel, smell, sound, tasteThis flower smells very sweet. 3）表像系動詞，用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有seem5）變化系動詞，表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, comeHe became mad after that. 6）終止系動詞，表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn outThe rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃

5、終于成功了。5）變化系動詞，表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, g三、賓語賓語：動作行為的對象，說明主語做什么。一般放在_或_后面。1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。 He gave me two books.及物動詞介詞三、賓語賓語：動作行為的對象，說明主語做什么。一般放在_表語：跟在連系動詞后面的詞語或從句，用來說明主語的身份，特征，狀態(tài)。The trees turn green. The flow

6、er is beautiful .四、表語表語：跟在連系動詞后面的詞語或從句，用來說明主語的身份，特征定語：用來修飾_。 This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.五、定語名詞定語：用來修飾_。 This is a red ca狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞

7、或全句，說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。 六、狀語狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、因John often came to chat with me( ) As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. ( )She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. ( )My father worked in this school ten years ago.( )Though he is young, he knows a lot.( )He cam

8、e running.( )程度，目的地點(diǎn)，伴隨地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間讓步方式原因John often came to chat with m補(bǔ)語是用于補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的身份或特征。七、補(bǔ)語Everyone calls him Jack. （賓補(bǔ)）He is called Jack.（主補(bǔ)）補(bǔ)語是用于補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的身份或特征。七、補(bǔ)語Every同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面的個(gè)別名詞或名詞詞組，對前者進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、同位語

9、同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面的個(gè)別名詞或名詞詞組，對前者進(jìn)行補(bǔ)一、主語 主語可以用下面這些東西表示：1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear th

10、at the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名詞代詞數(shù)詞動名詞不定式疑問詞+不定式從句It作形式主語，that從句是真正的主語一、主語 主語可以用下面這些東西表示：名詞代詞數(shù)詞動名詞不當(dāng)不定式、動名詞或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。什么情況下用it作形式主語？當(dāng)不定式、動名詞或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前 你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？1) It is wrong to te

11、ll a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ) 說謊是錯(cuò)誤的。爭吵是沒用的。誰要來還不確定。 你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？說謊二、賓語 賓語可以用下面這些東西表示：1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.(

12、)6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.( )名詞代詞數(shù)詞動名詞不定式疑問詞+不定式從句It作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語二、賓語 賓語可以用下面這些東西表示：名詞代詞數(shù)詞動名詞不二、表語 表語可以用下面這些東西表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much be

13、tter today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( )名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句形容詞/副詞介詞短語分詞二、表語 表語可以用下面這些東西表示：名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句形容三、定語 定語可以用下面這些東西表示：Its a red car.( )They live in the room above.( )My broth

14、er is a teacher.( )We belong to the third world.( )Lucys father is a poor worker.( )Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )The man under the tree is my teacher.( )The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容詞副詞代詞數(shù)詞名詞所有格名詞介詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞三、定語 定語可以用下面這些東西表示：形容詞副詞代詞數(shù)詞名三、定語

15、定語可以用下面這些東西表示：I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.( )There are two things to be discussed today.（ ）Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（ ）This is the very book that I need. （ ）過去分詞不定式動名詞從句三、定語 定語可以用下面這些東西表示：過去分詞不定式動名詞四、狀語 狀語可以用下面這些東西表示：He is often late

16、 for class.( )We saw that picture at the cinema.( )He sat there smoking.( )They returned tired and hungry. （ ）They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ）Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( )The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副詞，程度介詞短語，地點(diǎn)分詞，伴隨不定式，目的形容詞，狀態(tài)讓步狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句四、狀語 狀語

17、可以用下面這些東西表示：副詞，程度介詞短語，四、狀語 狀語可以用下面這些東西表示：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ）He was angry because we were late( ）If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 時(shí)間狀語從句原因狀語從句條件狀語從句四、狀語 狀語可以用下面這些東西表示：時(shí)間狀語從句原因狀語五、賓語補(bǔ)足語：I consider Jim a good friend.( )I always find her happy.( )Peopl

18、e praised him as a hero.( )I had the TV fixed.( )I saw him entering the building.( )What made you think so?( )Do you want me to go?( )形容詞名詞介詞短語過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞省略掉to的不定式不定式五、賓語補(bǔ)足語：形容詞名詞介詞短語過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞省略掉to英語句子的種類簡單句 (simple sentence)并列句 (compound sentence)復(fù)合句 (complex sentence)英語句子的種類簡單句 (simple sentence)并簡單句的五

19、種基本句型簡單句的英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： （主謂） 基本句型二：（主系表） 基本句型三： （主謂賓） 基本句型四： （主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：基本句型一 主謂 （S + V）S + VShe cooks.He is working.What he said does not matter.The pen writes smoothly.基本句型一 主謂 （S + V）S + VSVShecooks.Heis working.What he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoo

20、thly.SVShecooks.Heis working.What h基本句型二 主系表S+V+PHe is happy.Every thing looks nice. His face turned red.基本句型二 主系表S+V+PSVPHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice. His faceturnedred.SVPHeishappy.Everythinglooksn基本句型三 主謂賓 S+V+OWe study English everyday.They are playing football.He enjoys reading.She said “Good morning.”基本句型三 主謂賓 S+V+OSVOWeTheyHeShestudyare playingenj