汽車術語與定義

1、汽車術語及定義一、車輛種類GB/T3730.1881.汽車motorvehicle.2.貨車(載貨汽車)motortruck.3.微型貨車minitruck.4.輕型貨車lighttruck.5.中型貨車mediumtruck.6.重型貨車heavytruck.7.越野汽車offroadvehicle.8.輕型越野汽車lightoffroadvehicle.9.中型越野汽車mediumoffroadvehicle.10.重型越野汽車heavyoffroadvehicle.11.超重型越野汽車extraheavyoffroadvehicle.12.自卸汽車dumptruck.13.輕型自卸汽車l

2、ightdumptruck.14.中型自卸汽車mediumdumptruck.15.重型自卸汽車heavydumptruck.16.礦用自卸汽車miningdumptruck.17.牽引汽車towingvehicle.18.半掛牽引汽車semitrailertowingvehicle.19.全掛牽引汽車fulltrailertowingvehicle.1/2120.專用汽車specialpurposevehicle.21.廂式汽車van.22.罐式汽車tanker.23.起重舉升汽車crane/lifttruck.24.專用自卸汽車specialtipper.25.倉柵式汽車box/stake

3、truck.26.特種結構汽車specialconstructionvehicle.27.客車bus.28.微型客車minibus.29.輕型客車lightbus.30.中型客車mediumbus.31.中型城市客車mediumcitybus.32.中型長途客車mediumintercitybus.33.中型旅游客車mediumsightseeingbus.34.中型集體客車mediumprivatebus.35.大型客車largebus.36.大型城市客車largecitybus.37.大型長途客車largeintercitybus.38.大型旅游客車largesightseeingbus.

4、39.大型集體客車largeprivatebus.40.特大型客車extrabus.2/2141.鉸接客車articulatedbus.42.雙層客車doubledeckbus.43.轎車passengercar.44.微型轎車minicar.45.一般級轎車subcompactcar.46.中級轎車compactcar.47.中高級轎車intermediatecar.48.高級轎車limousinecar.49.半掛車semitrailer.50.輕型半掛車lightsemitrailer.51.中型半掛車mediumsemitrailer.52.重型半掛車heavysemitrailer.

5、53.超重型半掛車extraheavysemitrailer.二、車輛質(zhì)量GB/T3730.2921.底盤干質(zhì)量chassisdrymass;2.底盤整備質(zhì)量chassiskerbmass;3.底盤與駕駛室干質(zhì)量chassisandcabdrymass;4.底盤與駕駛室整備質(zhì)量chassisandcabkerbmass;5.整車干質(zhì)量completevehicledrymass;6.整車整備質(zhì)量completevehiclekerbmass;3/217.最大總質(zhì)量maximumtotalmass;8.廠定最大總質(zhì)量maximummanufacturerstotalss;ma9.贊同最大總質(zhì)量m

6、aximumauthorizedtotalmass;10.最大裝載質(zhì)量maximumladenmass;11.廠定最大裝載質(zhì)量maximummanufacturersladenmass;12.贊同最大裝載質(zhì)量maximumauthorizedladenmass;13.最大軸載質(zhì)量maximumaxleladenmass;14.廠定最大軸載質(zhì)量maximummanufacturersaxleladenmass;15.贊同最大軸載質(zhì)量maximumauthorizedaxleladenmass;16.最大拖掛質(zhì)量maximumtowedmass;17.廠定最大拖掛質(zhì)量manufacturersma

7、ximumtowedmass;18.贊同最大拖掛質(zhì)量authorizedmaximumtowedmass;19.汽車列車最大總質(zhì)量maximumtotalmassoftrain;20.汽車列車廠定最大總質(zhì)量maximummanufacturerstotalmasstrain;of21.汽車列車贊同最大總質(zhì)量maximumauthorizedtotalmassoftrain;22.鉸接車最大總質(zhì)量maximumofanarticulatedvehicle;三、車輛尺寸GB/T3730.3921.車長vehiclelength;2.汽車長motorvehiclelength;3.全掛車長fullt

8、railerlength;4.半掛車長semi-trailerlength;4/215.車寬vehiclewidth;6.車高(無裝載質(zhì)量)vehicleheight(unladen);7.軸距wheelspace;8.汽車及全掛車軸距motorvehicleorfulltrailerwheelspace;9.半掛車軸距semi-trailerwheelspace;10.輪距track;11.前懸frontoverhang;12.后懸rearoverhang;13.最小離地縫隙groundclearance;14.縱向經(jīng)過角rampangle;15.湊近角approachangle;16.走開

9、角departureangle;17.車架高度heightofchassisaboveground:18.駕駛室后車架最大可用長度(帶駕駛室的車輛)maximumusablelengthofchassisbehindcab(vehiclewithcab);19.車身長度bodyworklength;20.轎車和客車車身長bodyworklengthofpassengercarandbus;21.帶有駕駛室的底盤上的車身長度bodyworklengthofchassiswithdrivercab;22.車箱(廂)內(nèi)部最大尺寸maximuminternaldimensionsofbody;23.牽

10、引架長drawgearlength;5/2124.牽引桿長drawbarlength;25.牽引裝置的地址positionoftowingattachment;26.牽引裝置高度heightoftowingattachment;27.牽引裝置前置距distanceoftowingattachmentinfrontofrearofvehicle;28.牽引座前置距fifth-wheellead;29.長度計算用牽引座前置距fifth-wheelleadforcalculationoflength;30.質(zhì)量分配計算用牽引座前置距fifth-wheelleadforcalculationofmas

11、sdistribution;31.牽引座結合高度heightofcouplingface;32.牽引裝置至車輛前端的距離distancebetweentowingdeviceandfrontendoftowingvehicle;33.牽引座牽引銷孔至車輛前端的距離distancebetweenfifth-wheelcouplingpinandfrontendoftowingvehicle;34.半掛牽引車后輾轉(zhuǎn)半徑rearfittingradiusofsemi-trailertowingvehicle;35.半掛車縫隙半徑reartractorclearanceradiusofsemi-tra

12、iler;36.半掛車前輾轉(zhuǎn)半徑frontfittingradiusofsemi-trailer;37.車輪外傾camberangle;38.主銷內(nèi)傾kingpininclination;39.主銷偏移距kingpinoffset;40.前束toe-in;41.主銷后傾距castor;42.車輪鉛垂動行程verticalclearanceofwheel;6/2143.車輪提升升度liftofwheel;44.轉(zhuǎn)彎直徑turningcirclediameters;45.轉(zhuǎn)彎通道圓turningclearancecircles.四、轎車車身術語JB365384(一)、設計術語1.車身body;bo

13、dyassembly.2.車身本體bodyshell;mainbody.3.車身機構mechanicalhardwareofbody.4.車身覆蓋件coverpanel;bodyouterpanel.5.車身結構件structuralmember;bodystructure.6.非承載式車身bodychassisframeconstruction;separateframeconstruction.7.承載式車身unitaryconstructionbody;unitbodyconstruction;integralbody;panelstructurebody.8.折背式車身pontoont

14、ype;notchbackbody;threeboxtypebody.9.直背式車身fastbackbody;twoboxtypebody.10.艙背式車身hatchbackbody;twoboxtypebody.11.短背式車身cutoffbackbody;twoboxtypebody.12.客廂passengercompartment.13.發(fā)動機艙enginecompartment.14.行李箱trunk;luggagecompartment;luggagehold.7/2115.車身前部frontbody.16.車身后部rearbody.17.車身底部underbody.18.車身側(cè)部

15、sidebody.19.車身裙部skirt.20.腰線waistline;beltline;doorbelt;fascia.21.開縫線openingline.22.輪口wheelopening;wheelarch.23.腳部空間footwell.24.內(nèi)飾interiortrimming.25.外飾exteriortrimming.26.內(nèi)飾件upholstery.27.外飾件exteriortrimmingpart.28.車身附件bodyaccessories.(二)、結構術語1.板件pressing;panel.2.骨架件member.3.支撐件brace.4.加強件reinforcem

16、ent;stiffness.5.固定件stay.6.角撐件gusset.8/217.襯板patch.8.罩housing.9.蓋lid.10.支架support;supporter.11.托架bracket.12.擋板guard.13.隔板retainer.14.護板15.襯墊pad.16.槽gutter.17.溝groove.18.筋rid.19.裝飾條moulding.(五)、零部件名詞1.前翼板frontfender;frontwing.2.發(fā)動機罩前支撐板frontendpanel;nosepanel.3.發(fā)動機罩enginehoodbonnet.4.發(fā)動機罩安全拉鉤hoodsafet

17、ycatch;hoodsafetylock;hoodauxiliarycatch;hook;hoodsecondarylatch.5.前裙板frontvalancepanel;frontskirtpanel;frontlowershroud;frontbumperstone;reflector;fairingpanel;frontapron.9/216.散熱器固定框radiatorsupport;lampsupport;shroudpanel;frontbulkhead;frontbaffle;deflector.7.前擋泥板frontfenderapron;wheelapron;fender

18、skirt;hoodledge.8.前橫梁frontcrossmember;frontcrossrail.9.前縱梁frontsidemember;frontsiderail.;frontsideframe.10.前圍上蓋板cowltop;cowlupper;shroudupperpanel;frontpanel.11.前圍板dashpanel;dashboard;toeboard;firewall.12.前圍側(cè)板cowlsidepanel;dashside;shroudside.13.后圍上蓋板upperbackpanel;rearwaistpanel;backwindowlowerpane

19、l;reardeckpanel.14.后圍板rearendpanel;lowerbackpanel;rearskirtpanel.15.行李箱蓋trunklid;rearcompartmentlid;luggagecompartmentdoor;decklid;bootlid.16.后窗窗臺shelfpanel;packagetraypanel;parcelshelfpanel;rearshelf;rearluggageshelfpanel.17.地板floorpan;floorpanel;floorboard.18.后縱梁rearsidemember;floorsidemember;floo

20、rsiderail;rearfloorsideframe.19.地板橫梁floorcrossmember.20.車輪檔泥罩wheelhousingpanel.21.頂蓋roofpanel;top.22.上邊梁roofrail.10/2123.頂蓋橫梁roofbow;roofpanelmember;roofpanelreinforcement;roofpanelreinforcementpiece.24.流水槽roofdrip;roofdripchannel;roofsidedriprail;gutterchannel.25.前柱frontpillar;frontpost;“A”pillar.2

21、6.中柱centerpillar;centerpost;“B”pillar.27.后柱rearpillar;rearpost;“C”pillar.28.門檻sidesill;rockerpanel;sillpanel.29.后翼板rearfender;rearwing.30.后門reardoor.31.前門frontdoor.32.背門backdoor;tailgate.33.后頂蓋側(cè)板quarterpanel.34.地板通道floortunnel.35.儀表板fascia;instrumentpanel.36.儀表罩instrumentframe.37.副儀表板console.38.雜物箱g

22、lovebox;glovecompartment.39.遮陽板sunvisor.40.后視鏡rearviewmirror;spotlight.41.刮水器wiper.42.風窗沖洗器washer.11/2143.車身懸置點jackuppoint.44.保險杠bumper.45.保險杠防撞塊bumperguard.46.保險杠聯(lián)系板jointingplatesofbumper.47.保險杠托架bumperstay;bumperarm;bumperbracket.48.保險杠鑲條bumperpad.49.風窗玻璃frontwindshieldglass;frontscreen;frontwinds

23、creen.50.后窗玻璃backwindowglass;backlight;rearwindowglass.51.后側(cè)窗玻璃operawindowglass.52.后角窗玻璃quarterwindowglass.53.前角窗玻璃doorventilationglass;antidraftventilationglass.54.中隔墻玻璃glassoftheglasspartition.55.中隔墻glasspartition.56.門窗框doorwindowframe;doorsash.57.門鎖doorlock.58.內(nèi)鎖提鈕knob.59.門外手柄doorhandle;outsidedo

24、orhandle.60.玻璃起落器windowregulator.61.門鉸鏈doorhinge.62.門內(nèi)手柄insidedoorhandle.63.助力撐桿gasspring.12/2164.門玻璃導軌glassrun;glassrunchannel.65.門密封條weatherstrip.66.空調(diào)裝置airconditioner;airconditioningequipment.67.暖風裝置heater.68.冷氣裝置cooler;coolair.69.通風裝置ventilation.70.除霜裝置defroster;demister;deicer.71.座椅seat.72.靠枕he

25、adrest;headrestrain.五、客車車身GB/T124849073.肘靠armrest.74.腳登footrest.75.折合座foldingseat.76.拉手77.扶手handgrill.78.安全帶safetybelt.79.車輪裝飾罩wheeldisc;rimembellisher.80.輪轂裝飾罩hubembellisher.81.車標mark;insignia;emblem.(一)、設計術語1.車身body;bodyassembly.13/212.車身本體bodyshell;mainbody.3.車身骨架bodyframe;bodyskeleton.4.車身覆蓋件ski

26、n;coverpanel.5.車身結構件bodystructuralmember.6.承載式車身unitaryconstructionbody;chassislessbody;fullmonocoquebody.7.半承載式車身semiintegralbody;semimonocoquebody.8.非承載式車身bodychassisframeconstruction;separateframeconstruction.9.車身結構mechanicalhardwareofbody;bodymechanism.10.車廂passengercompartment.11.乘客區(qū)passengerzo

27、ne.12.駕駛區(qū)driverzone.13.發(fā)動機艙enginecompartment.14.行李艙luggagecompartment;luggagehold.15.工具箱toolbox.16.蓄電池箱batterycompartment.17.行李架luggagerack;parcelrack;baggageholder.18.行李梯luggageladder.19.座椅seat.20.車身裙部bodyskirt.14/2121.輪口wheelarch.22.開縫線openingline.23.通道gangway.24.內(nèi)飾interiortrim;upholstery.25.外飾ext

28、eriortrim.26.車身附件bodyaccessories.(二)結構術語1.板件panel.2.蒙皮outerpanel;skin.3.護板fender;shield.4.擋板baffle.5.連接板connectingpanel.6.導流板flowguide;airdeflector.7.襯板patch.8.加強件reinforcement;stiffener.9.固定件stay;retainer;fixedpart.10.支撐件brace.11.裝飾件trimming;garnish;molding.12.密封件weatherstrip;sealing.13.支架support;b

29、racket.14.襯墊pad;packing;gasket.15/2115.拉手handle.16.扶手assistgrip;handrail;banister.17.鉸鏈hinge.18.立柱pillar;post.19.梁rail;beam.20.罩housing.21.蓋lid;cap.22.槽guide;grove.(三)、零部件1.前圍frontwall.2.前圍骨架frontwallframe;frontwallskeleton.3.前圍立柱frontwallpillar.4.前圍擱梁frontwallshelfbeam.5.前圍裙邊梁frontskirtrail.6.前圍蒙皮f

30、rontwallouterpanel;frontwallskin.7.前圍護板frontwallinnershield:frontwallinteriorpanel.8.駕駛區(qū)擱板(欄)driverpartition;diverbarrierpanel.9.前面罩radiatorgrille.10.風窗框架windshieldframe.11.風窗中立柱windshieldcentralpost.12.風窗框上橫梁windshieldheadercrossbar.16/2113.風窗框下橫梁windshieldcrosssill.14.風窗玻璃windscreen;windshield.15.

31、儀表板instrumentpanel;dashboard.16.副儀表板auxiliaryfaciaconsolt.17.儀表板護面dashboardfacing.18.保險杠bumper.19.刮水器wiper.20.風窗沖洗器washer;windscreenwasher.21.后視鏡rearviewmirror.22.遮陽板(簾)sunvisor.23.發(fā)動機罩enginehood.24.后圍backwall;rearwall.25.后圍骨架rearwallframe;rearwallskeleton.26.后圍立柱rearwallpillar.27.后圍擱梁rearwallshelfb

32、eam.28.后圍裙邊梁rearskirtrail.29.后圍蒙皮rearwallouterpanel;rearwallskin.30.后圍護板rearwallinnershield:rearwallinteriorpanel.31.后窗框架rearwindowframe.32.后窗中立柱rearwindowcentralpost.33.后窗框上橫梁rearwindowheadercrossbar.17/2134.后窗框下橫梁rearwindowcrosssill.35.后窗玻璃rearwindowglass.36.助力撐桿powerassistedbracegasspring.37.側(cè)圍si

33、dewall.38.側(cè)圍骨架sidewallframe;sidewallskeleton.39.側(cè)窗立柱sidewindowpillar.40.側(cè)圍立柱sidewallpillar.41.腰立柱waistpillar.42.門立柱doorpillar.43.側(cè)圍蒙皮sidewallouterpanel;sidewallskin.44.側(cè)圍護板sidewallinnershield:sidewallinteriorpanel.45.側(cè)窗sidewindow.46.側(cè)窗框sidewindowframe.47.側(cè)窗玻璃sidewindowglass.48.側(cè)窗鎖sidewindowlock.49.上邊梁roofsiderail.50.腰梁waistrail.51.側(cè)圍擱梁sidewallshelfbeam.52.側(cè)圍裙邊梁sideskirtrail.53.斜撐bracingpiece.54.輪罩wheelhouse;wheelarch.18/2155.翼板wing;fender.56.擋泥板mu