考研考博-英語-山東工商學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東工商學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theoldhouseattheendofthestreethasrecentlybeen______.

問題1選項

A.pulled

B.demolished

C.erased

D.leveled

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項pull“拉，拔，拖”，B項demolish“拆除，破壞，毀壞”，C項erase“抹去，擦除”，D項level“瞄準，拉平，變得平坦”。由oldhouse“舊房子”可知，“拆除”符合語境。句意：這條街盡頭的那幢舊房子最近已被拆除了。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

2.填空題

Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth:Whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillions（1）areoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresources（2）fromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.

Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythan（3）expendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowin（4）value,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.

Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefar

morethantheyneed（5）irony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,most

adultsofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompete（6）salesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaigns（7）towardchildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothink（8）anymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainly（9）theagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployamidesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibit（10）.

A.splendid

B.elegant

C.snobbish

D.prudent

A.hehadagoodopinionoftheStClairfamily

B.hegrantedtheStClairfamilysomecredits

C.heowedsomemoneytotheStClairfamily

D.hewasmorerespectablethansomemembersoftheSt.Clairfamily

A.marryingformoney

B.robbingone'swife

C.makingfortunes

D.sellingtheteethofdeadsoldiers

A.brag

B.possess

C.arrange

D.pluck

A.detached

B.positive

C.cynical

D.liberal

【答案】1.more

2.away

3.is

4.nutritional

5.another

6.for

7.directed

8.of

9.not

10.overeating

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵寒敵汕先f的人由于經(jīng)濟不平衡、政治腐敗和戰(zhàn)爭而餓肚子時，還有成千上萬的人超重。前后進行對比，說明超重的人更多，所以more符合題意。

2.考查固定搭配。divertaway“轉(zhuǎn)移”。空格處所在句子的句意是：肥胖是一個世界性的普遍現(xiàn)象，它對大人孩子都有影響，它迫使除了最貧窮的國家外的所有國家把稀有資源從食品安全上轉(zhuǎn)移到了照顧患有可預防的心臟病和糖尿病的人們。

3.考查動詞的用法。空格處所在句子的句意是：超重源于攝入的食物能量超過了被消耗的能量。分析句子結構可知，為了避免重復，than后面省略了energythat，完整的句子應該是energythatisexpended。

4.考查前后邏輯。空格處所在句子的句意是：他們把具有消費水平的人變?yōu)榀偪褓徺I食物的消費者，這些食物通常能量很高，營養(yǎng)價值很低。nutritional符合題意。

5.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵捍送?，食物被過量生產(chǎn)，尤其是發(fā)達國家擁有的食物遠遠超過他們所需要的食物--這又是一件具有諷刺意義的事。前面已經(jīng)提到過一件諷刺的事thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity，因此another符合題意。

6.考查動詞短語。空格處所在句子的句意為：過量的食物使各大公司為銷售而進行競爭。competefor“為……而競爭”。

7.考查后置定語?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵焊鞔蠊緸榱烁偁?，采用的手段有：廣告，健康宣言，推出新產(chǎn)品，加量包裝，還有直接針對孩子的活動?？崭裉幩诘膯卧~顯然是用來修飾campaigns這個單詞的，應該填一個過去分詞來作后置定語，directtoward表示針對……。

8.考查固定搭配。thinkof“想出”。

9.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵恨r(nóng)業(yè)、食品、雜貨店、飯店、減肥業(yè)或制藥業(yè)都不會獲益。所以此處是一個否定的意思，not符合題意。

10.考查動詞的用法?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵喝藗兂缘枚鄷r，所有行業(yè)都會發(fā)展繁榮，所有行業(yè)都花錢請游說者去勸政府不要采取任何措施禁止過度飲食（overeat）。Inhibitdoingsth.“禁止做某事”。

3.翻譯題

TranslatetilefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

歷代的智慧，幾個世紀以來人類一直籍以為樂的故事，所有這些都可以從書中方便而又便宜的獲得。但是我必須懂得如何利用這份寶藏，懂得如何才能使它對我們最為有益。世界上最為不幸的人，也就是那些從未體驗過讀好書之樂趣的人吧。

我對人最為感興趣，喜歡結識他們，喜歡了解他們。我認識的一些非凡之人，首先存在于作者的想象之中，然后表現(xiàn)在作品的字里行間，最后在我的想象中重新顯現(xiàn)。我在書中找到了新的朋友，新的社會，還有新的語言。

把你的一部分空閑時光用來培養(yǎng)閱讀好書的愛好吧。愛讀書的人從好書中不但得到樂趣，他們從中獲得的那種精神糧食，從其它地方是很難得到的。盡管他們未必有意識地想到讀書是為了提高才智。在不知不覺中，他們從書中吸取的知識積累起來，經(jīng)過想象力的加工，對將來大有用處。

【答案】Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthatdelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaplyavailabletoallofuswithinthecoversofbooks.Butwemustknowhowtoavailourselvesofthistreasureandhowtogetthemostvaluefromit.Themostunfortunatepeopleintheworldarethosewhohaveneverexperiencedthejoyofreadingagoodbook.

Iammostinterestedinpeople,inmeetingthemandfindingoutaboutthem.SomeoftheremarkablepeopleI’vemetexistedonlyinwriter’simagination,thenonthepagesofhisbook,andthenagain,inmyimagination.Ihavefoundnewfriends,newsocietyandnewwordsinbooks.

Devotesomeofyourleisuretocultivatingaloveofreadinggoodbooks.Fromgoodbooks,moreover,theydrawmuchbesidesentertainment.Theygainmentalfoodsuchasfewcompanionscansupply,albeittheymaynotbedeliberatelyreadingtoimprovetheirmind.Allunconsciouslytheideastheyderivefromtheprintedpagedarestoredup,tobeworkedoverbytheimaginationforfutureprofit.

4.單選題

問題1選項

A.WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.

B.WithDr.Smithat10onTuesday

C.WithDr.Jonesat10onWednesday.

D.WithDr.Jonesat10onTuesday.

【答案】A

【解析】14.M:Ineedtocomeinandseethedoctor.IhavereallyitchyskinandthinkImayhavetohaveitlookedat.

W:IhopetimesavailableforTuesdayorWednesday,whichonewouldworkbestforyou?

M:IwanttocomeinonWednesday.

W:Icanfityouinonthatdayatten,doctorSmithorDoctorJonesisavailable.

M:IwouldpreferDoctorSmith.

Q:Whatistheman’sappointment?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：男士預約了什么？由文中“IwanttocomeinonWednesday.（我想星期三來。）”和“Icanfityouinonthatdayatten（我可以幫你預約那天上午10點。）”以及“IwouldpreferdoctorSmith.（我想約史密斯醫(yī)生。）”，可知A選項“WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.（周三上午10點史密斯醫(yī)生。）”符合原文。

5.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyears-andwhyinthefollowingtwoyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionswhichhaveinterested,themodernphilosophernotlessthan,theobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodernphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiod-oneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemoderneraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingprovidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflytheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodernsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodernscientificdoctrinesandinquiriesForallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesis,andanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction-bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;landtheancientsciences,affordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfact,byappealtoexperimentandobservation-thesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemoderns:butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodernispossessedofa-greatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesitexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or"facts"and"ideas"—inneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatte?—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts-aparticularglassoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethoD.Afactisapropositionofsimpleverification.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,anddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmoderntimesis（）.

3.Thedifferencebetween"fact"and"theory"（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（）.

5.Thestatement"Theoriesarefacts"maybecalled（）.

問題1選項

A.PhilosophyofMathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

問題2選項

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

C.thatitwasanactofGod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

問題3選項

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodernscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

問題4選項

A.aninductivescience

B.inneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory

問題5選項

A.ametaphor

B.aparadox

C.apun

D.anappraisaloftheinductiveanddeductivemethods

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干意為本文最好的標題表述。原文第一段提出問題：為什么從希臘文化頂峰時期后兩千年來歸納法和數(shù)學科學發(fā)展如此緩慢，而后的兩百年又超越了前人，是應用新舊方法關系還是其他。第二段講埃及古代在科學探索中運用了演繹推理法，而現(xiàn)在應用了歸納法。但是，這種解釋太狹隘，經(jīng)仔細審核，難以很清晰地點明古代和現(xiàn)代科學教義和探究上明顯的差別。第四、五段涉及事實和理論的關系。綜合考慮下可以判斷D為最佳選項。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章中“Or,shouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents-totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingprovidence?”中文翻譯為：或者我們是否應當把兩個階段的特點歸因于所謂的歷史的偶然性（意外事件）——歸因于客觀環(huán)境中相似（結合）的影響。這一點除非以指導一切的上帝的智慧和無限權利來解釋，否則難以解說清楚。可以得知C選項符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段,事實是一個提議，通過運用知識的源泉和經(jīng)驗而證實的提議直接而又簡單。若是真理論，就有事實的一切特性（除非其證實只能通過非直接的，遙遠的和困難的方式方法），把理論轉(zhuǎn)成事實必須用簡單的核實，理論因此具有事實的一切特性。因此，A最符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。aninductivescience“歸納法科學”；inneedofsimpleverification“需要簡單證實”；adeductive“推理演繹科學”；basedonfactandtheory“基于事實和理論”。基于對“數(shù)學”的理解，C最符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到“Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts-aparticularglassoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.”，中文翻譯為：因為首先，對立是不完整的，事實和理論不是同類的事物。理論，如果是真正的理論，就是事實——一種特殊類別的事實，一般性的復雜，但仍是事實。而事實，從詞的狹義來說，如果很復雜，如果各成分中存在著邏輯的聯(lián)系，就具有理論的一切主要特征?？芍珺項“似非而是的雋語；悖論”正確。

6.單選題

Itiseasiertogetdivorcedtodaythanintimespast,butitisnolesspainful.Studieshaveshownthatbothmenandwomensuffersignificantstressattwokeypoints:beforethedecisiontodivorceandatthetimeofthefinalseparation.Poorhealth,difficultyinsleepingandworking,loneliness,depression,anxiety,loweredself-esteem,andimpairedmemoryareallassociatedwiththedivorceprocess.Intheirstudyof252menandwomencurrentlyundergoingadivorce,DavidA.ChiribogaandLoraineCutlerfoundthatmenweremorevulnerabletostressthanwomen.Atthesametime,closeto50percentofbothmenandwomenreportedthattheyfeltsomereliefasaresultofhavinginitiatedthedivorceprocess.

Thechildrenofacoupleplanningtodivorcealsoshareinthepain,especiallyimmediatelyfollowingtheseparation.Intheirstudyoffamilybreakup,JudithS.WallersteinandJoanB.Kellyfoundthatparentsrarelypreparetheirchildrenforthecomingcrisis,nordotheyprovidethemwiththenecessaryassurancesthattheywillbecaredfor.Preoccupiedbytheirpersonalproblems,theparentsareofteninsensitivetotheirchildren'sanger,fearorperplexity.Whendivorcenecessitatesthatthemothergotowork,thechildmaybeplacedinunfamiliarchildcarearrangements,andbothmotherandfatherbecomesubstantiallylessavailable.Thefirstyearfollowingadivorceistypicallythemoststressfulfortheparentsandforthechild.Inthelongrun,however,divorceisnotnecessarilypsychologicallydamagingtochildren,particularlywhenbothparentsremainaccessibleandloving.

Whateverthepainthatdivorceinflicts,itdoesnotseemtosourpeopleontheinstitutionofmarriage.Afourthofthepeoplewhogetdivorcedareremarriedwithintheyear,and75percentremarrywithinnineyearsofdivorce.Aboutfiveofeverysixdivorcedmenandthreeofeveryfourdivorcedwomenmarryagain.Onereasonthatmenaremorelikelytoremarrythanwomenisthatmentypicallymarryyoungerwomen.Whenweconsiderthatbyagetwenty-sevenwomenbeginoutnumberingmen,wecanseehowmiddle-agedandoldermenhavealargerpoolofpotentialpartnersfromwhichtochoosethandowomen.Insum,whilemarriagemaybedifficulttosustain,itiscertainlynotgoingoutofstyle.

1.Accordingtothepassage,womensuffersignificantstresswhen（）

2.Thedivorcedparentsignoretheirchildren'sangerandfearbecause（）.

3.Fromthispassagewecanknowthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thepercentageofremarryingmanishigherthanthatofthewomenby（）.

問題1選項

A.theyareforcedtoleavetheirchildren

B.thepropertyisdivided

C.makinguptheirmindtogetadivorce

D.goingtoacourt

問題2選項

A.theyarepoorlypreparedforthecomingcrisis

B.theyareundergreatstress

C.theythinktoomuchabouttheirownproblems

D.theyhavetoliveontheirown

問題3選項

A.divorcemaydogreaterharmtochildrenmentallyandphysicallythantheparents

B.familybreakupcanbeavoidedifthecouple'spersonalproblemsaresettled

C.marriageremainspopularinspiteofrisingdivorcerate

D.Childrenwilllosetheparentalcareandloveaftertheirparentsgetdivorced

問題4選項

A.25%

B.75%

C.8%

D.27%

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,womensuffersignificantstresswhen______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章，當女性______時，她們會承受巨大的壓力。

A.theyareforcedtoleavetheirchildrenA.女性被迫離開她們的孩子

B.thepropertyisdividedB.財產(chǎn)被分割

C.makinguptheirmindtogetadivorceC.決定離婚

D.goingtoacourtD.上法庭

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞womensuffersignificantstress可定位到第一段第二句“研究表明，男人和女人都在兩個關鍵時刻承受著巨大的壓力，即在決定離婚之前和最后分居的時候（beforethedecisiontodivorceandatthetimeofthefinalseparation）”。所以選項C符合原文。

【干擾項排除】A項“女性被迫離開她們的孩子”、B項“財產(chǎn)被分割”和D項“上法庭”都沒提到，無中生有。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Thedivorcedparentsignoretheirchildren’sangerandfearbecause______.2.離婚的父母無視孩子的憤怒和恐懼，因為______。

A.theyarepoorlypreparedforthecomingcrisisA.他們對即將到來的危機準備不足

B.theyareundergreatstressB.他們的壓力很大

C.theythinktoomuchabouttheirownproblemsC.他們對自己的問題想得太多了

D.theyhavetoliveontheirownD.他們必須靠自己生活

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關鍵詞children’sangerandfear定位到第二段的第三句“父母往往被自己的個人問題所困擾（Preoccupiedbytheirpersonalproblems），所以對孩子的憤怒、恐懼或困惑無動于衷”。理解可知，離婚的父母無視孩子的憤怒和恐懼，是因為父母被自己的個人問題所困擾，C項“他們對自己的問題想得太多了”與原文一致。

【干擾項排除】

A項“他們對即將到來的危機準備不足”和B項“他們的壓力很大”在文中有提及，但不是對孩子的憤怒等情緒無動于衷的原因，張冠李戴；

D項“他們必須靠自己生活”在文中沒有原文依據(jù)，無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.Fromthispassagewecanknowthat______.3.從這篇文章中我們可以知道______。

A.divorcemaydogreaterharmtochildrenmentallyandphysicallythantheparentsA.離婚對孩子的身心傷害可能比父母更大

B.familybreakupcanbeavoidedifthecouple’spersonalproblemsaresettledB.如果夫妻倆的個人問題得到解決，家庭破裂是可以避免的

C.marriageremainspopularinspiteofrisingdivorcerateC.盡管離婚率不斷上升，婚姻仍然很受歡迎

D.childrenwilllosetheparentalcareandloveaftertheirparentsgetdivorcedD.父母離婚后，孩子就會失去父母的關愛

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一句話“不管離婚會帶來怎樣的痛苦，它似乎不會讓人們對婚姻制度感到厭惡（itdoesnotseemtosourpeopleontheinstitutionofmarriage）”以及最后一句話“盡管婚姻難以維持，但它肯定不會過時（itiscertainlynotgoingoutofstyle）”，從notgoingoutofstyle（不過時）可推測，盡管離婚率升高，但結婚依然很流行。C項“盡管離婚率不斷上升，婚姻仍然很受歡迎”正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“離婚對孩子的身心傷害可能比父母更大”，第二段雖然提到“離婚后的第一年對父母和孩子來說通常是壓力最大的一年”，但并沒有孩子與父母受到傷害之間的比較，屬于曲解原文；

B項“如果夫妻倆的個人問題得到解決，家庭破裂是可以避免的”，由第二段可知，文中提到父母總是忙于自己的個人問題，往往對孩子的憤怒、恐懼或困惑無動于衷，但是并沒有個人問題解決，家庭就不會破碎的相關說法，該項無中生有；

D項“父母離婚后，孩子就會失去父母的關愛”從第二段最后一句話“然而，從長遠來看，離婚并不一定會對孩子造成心理傷害，尤其是當父母雙方都能保持親近和關愛的時候”可知，離婚會導致孩子失去關愛不是必然事件，而是在于父母的態(tài)度，該項曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Accordingtothepassage,thepercentageofremarryingmanishigherthanthatofthewomenby______.4.根據(jù)這篇文章，再婚的男性比再婚的女性高______。

A.25%A.25%

B.75%B.75%

C.8%C.8%

D.27%D.27%

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由題干關鍵詞thepercentageofremarrying定位到本文最后一段的第三句“大約六分之五的離婚男性和四分之三的離婚女性會再婚”，所以六分之五減去四分之三等于十二分之一，約等于8%。故該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“25%”是離婚者再婚的百分比，張冠李戴；

B項“75%”是離婚女性再婚的百分比，張冠李戴；

D項“27%”沒有提到，無中生有。

7.單選題

Theaccountant_______thousandsofdollarsfromthecharitywhileappearingtobeitsbestfundraiser.

問題1選項

A.donated

B.validated

C.embezzled

D.certify

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項donate“捐贈，捐獻”；B選項validate“證實，驗證；確認；使生效”；C選項embezzle“盜用；挪用；貪污”；D選項certify“證明；保證”。句意：那個會計盜用善款幾千美元，卻表現(xiàn)出自己是最佳的捐助者。根據(jù)句中的while可知，前后兩句關系為轉(zhuǎn)折，后半句提到“最佳捐贈者”，那么前半句句意應該與之相反。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

Ifsanityandinsanityexist,howshallweknowthem?

Thequestionisneithercapriciousnoritselfinsane.Howevermuchwemaybepersonallyconvincedthatwecantellthenormalfromtheabnormal,theevidenceissimplynotcompelling.Itiscommonplace,forexample,toreadaboutmurdertrialswhereineminentpsychiatristsforthedefensearecontradictedbyequallyeminentpsychiatristsfortheprosecutiononthematterofthedefendant'ssanity.Moregenerally,thereareagreatdealofconflictingdataonthereliability,utility,andmeaningofsuchtermsas"sanity","insanity","mentalillness,"and"schizophrenia."

Finally,asearlyas1934,Benedictsuggestedthatnormalityandabnormalityarenotuniversal.Whatisviewedasnormalinoneculturemaybeseenasquiteaberrantinanother.Thus,notionsofnormalityandabnormalitymaynotbequiteasaccurateaspeoplebelievetheyare.

Toraisequestionsregardingnormalityandabnormalityisinnowaytoquestionthefactthatsomebehaviorsaredeviantorodd.Murderisdeviant.So,too,arehallucinations.Nordoesraisingsuchquestionsdenytheexistenceofthepersonalanguishthatisoftenassociatedwith"mentalillness."Anxietyanddepressionexist.Psychologicalsufferingexists.Butnormalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,andthediagnosesthatflowfromthemmaybelesssubstantivethanmanybelievethemtobe.

Atitsheart,thequestionofwhetherthesanecanbedistinguishedfromtheinsaneisasimplematter:Dothesalientcharacteristicsthatleadtodiagnosesresideinthepatientsthemselvesorintheenvironmentsandcontextsinwhichobserversfindthem?FromBleuler,throughKretchmer,throughtheformulatorsoftherecentlyrevisedDiagnosticandStatisticalManualoftheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation,thebeliefhasbeenstrongthatpatientspresentsymptoms,thatthosesymptomscanbecategorized,andimplicitly,thatthesanearedistinguishablefromtheinsane.Morerecently,however,thisbeliefhasbeenquestioned.Basedinpartontheoreticalandanthropologicalconsiderations,butalsoonphilosophical,legal,andtherapeuticones,theviewhasgrownthatpsychologicalcategorizationofmentalillnessisuselessatbestanddownrightharmful,misleading,andpejorativeatworst.Psychiatricdiagnoses,inthisview,areinthemindsoftheobserversandarenotvalidsummariesofcharacteristicsdisplayedbytheobserved.

Gainscanbemadeindecidingwhichoftheseismorenearlyaccuratebygettingnormalpeopleadmittedtopsychiatrichospitalsandthendeterminingwhethertheywerediscoveredtobesaneand,ifso,how.Ifthesanityofsuchpseudopatientswerealwaysdetected,therewouldbeprimafacieevidencethatasaneindividualcanbedistinguishedfromtheinsanecontextinwhichheisfound.Normalityisdistinctenoughthatitcanberecognizedwhereveritoccurs,foritiscarriedwithintheperson.If,ontheotherhand,thesanityofthepseudopatientswereneverdiscovered,seriousdifficultieswouldariseforthosewhosupporttraditionalmodesofpsychiatricdiagnosis.Giventhatthehospitalstaffwasnotincompetent,thatthepseudopatienthadbeenbehavingassanelyashehadbeenoutsideofthehospital,andthatithadneverpreviouslysuggestedthathebelongedinapsychiatrichospital,suchanunlikelyoutcomewouldsupporttheviewthatpsychiatricdiagnosisbetrayslittleaboutthepatientbutmuchabouttheenvironmentinwhichanobserverfindshim.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheword"them"inthelastsentenceofthefourthparagraphreferto?

3.Theword"pejorative"couldbestbereplacedby（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestexplainthelastpartofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Wecanjudgepreciselywhatconstitutesnormalityandabnormality.

B.Itisnoteasytodistinguishsanityfrominsanity.

C.Itisnodoubtthatsomebehaviorsofhumanbeingsareodd.

D.Settingswherepeoplearelivinghavemuchtodowithhowweknowwhatsanityis.

問題2選項

A.Questionsfromnormalityandabnormality.

B.Thediagnoses.

C.Normalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity.

D.People.

問題3選項

A.peevish

B.depreciatory

C.negative

D.meaningless

問題4選項

A.Psychiatricdiagnosisdoesn'tinformpeopleofthepatientbutoftheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

B.Thepatientisn'tbetrayedbypsychiatristsbutbytheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

C.Psychiatristsknowmoreaboutthepatientthantheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

D.Psychiatricdiagnosisislikelytoimprovetheenvironmentwherethepatientislivingwhichdoeslittlehelptohim.

問題5選項

A.Descriptionoftheexperimentofputtingsomesanepeopleinpsychiatrichospitals.

B.Argumentagainstthedifficultyofdistinguishingthesanefromtheinsane.

C.Descriptionoftheexperimentofsaneandinsanepeopleinthesamepsychiatrichospitals.

D.Argumentforthedifficultyoffindingoutwhoarerealpatients.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Howevermuchwemaybepersonallyconvincedthatwecantellthenormalfromtheabnormal,theevidenceissimplynotcompelling.”，可知無論我們個人多么相信我們能夠分辨出正常和異常，這些證據(jù)根本就沒有說服力。選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章四段，“Toraisequestionsregardingnormalityandabnormalityisinnowaytoquestionthefactthatsomebehaviorsaredeviantorodd.”，可知提出關于正常和異常的問題并不能質(zhì)疑某些行為是異常的或奇怪的這一事實。選項C可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容可知，人們生活的環(huán)境與了解理智的程度有很大關系，選項D可排除。綜上，選項A文中未提及。選項A符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句，“Butnormalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,andthediagnosesthatflowfromthemmaybelesssubstantivethanmanybelievethemtobe.”，可知但正常與異常、理智與瘋狂，以及由此產(chǎn)生的分析調(diào)查，可能并不像許多人認為的那樣具有實質(zhì)性?？芍猼hem指代前面出現(xiàn)的normalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity，選項C符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。pejorative“貶損的，貶抑的”；peevish“脾氣壞的，易怒的”；depreciatory“貶低的，輕蔑的”；negative“否定的，消極的”；meaningless“無意義的”。句意：越來越多的觀點認為，對精神疾病進行心理分類，往好處說是無用的，往壞處說是完全有害的、誤導的和貶低的。選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…psychiatricdiagnosisbetrayslittleaboutthepatientbutmuchabouttheenvironmentinwhichanobserverfindshim.”，可知精神病學的診斷并很少告訴病人的情況，而是更多告訴他們所生活的環(huán)境。選項A符合題意。

5.推斷題。文章最后一段主要提到了人神智是否清晰與所處的環(huán)境存在很大的關系。可推斷出下文可能會對這一話題進行進一步的闡述，可能會描述一個將一些神志正常的人送入精神病院的實驗。選項A符合題意。

9.不定項選擇題

Desertificationisthedegradationofonce-productivelandintounproductiveorpoorlyproductiveland.Sincethefirstgreaturban-agriculturalcentersinMesopotamianearly6,000yearsago,humanactivityhashadadestructiveimpactonsoilquality,leadingtogradualdesertificationinvirtuallyeveryareaoftheworld.

Itisacommonmisconceptionthatdesertificationiscausedbydroughts.Althoughdroughtdoesmakelandmorevulnerable,well-managedlandcansurvivedroughtsandrecover,eveninaridregions.Anothermistakenbeliefisthattheprocessoccursonlyalongtheedgesofdeserts.Infact,itmaytakeplaceinanyaridorsemiaridregion,especiallywherepoorlandmanagementispracticed.Mostvulnerable,however,arethetransitionalzonesbetweendesertsandarableland;whereverhumanactivityleadstolandabuseinfragilemarginalareas,soildestructionisinevitable.

[A]Agricultureandovergrazingarethetwomajorsourcesofdesertification.[B]Large-scalefarmingrequiresextensiveirrigation,whichultimatelydestroyslandbydepletingitsnutrientsandleachingmineralsintothetopsoil.[C]Grazingisespeciallydestructivetolandbecause,inadditiontodepletingcovervegetation,herdsofgrazingmammalsalsotramplethefineorganicparticlesofthetopsoil,leadingtosoilcompactionanderosion.[D]Ittakesabout500yearsfortheearthtobuildup3centimetersoftopsoil.However,cattleranchingandagriculturecandepleteasmuchas2to3centimetersoftopsoilevery25years—60to80timesfasterthanitcanbereplacedbynature.

Salinationisatypeoflanddegradationthatinvolvesanincreaseinthesaltcontentofthesoil.Thisusuallyoccursasaresultofimproperirrigationpractices.ThegreatMesopotamianempires—Sumer,AkkadandBabylon—werebuiltonthesurplusoftheenormouslyproductivesoiloftheancientTigris-Euphratesalluvialplain.Afternearlyathousandyearsofintensivecultivation,landqualitywasinevidentdecline.Inresponse,around2800BCtheSumeriansbegandiggingthehugeTigris-Euphratescanalsystemtoirrigatetheexhaustedsoil.Atempora