考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京航空航天大學(xué)金城學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京航空航天大學(xué)金城學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Allthepartsofthismodelofautomobileare（

）,sothatyoucaneasilyreplacethemeverywhere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.modernized

B.standardized

C.mechanized

D.normalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。modernize“使現(xiàn)代化”；standardize“使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢驗(yàn)”；mechanize“使機(jī)械化”；normalize“使變得正?！薄＞湟猓哼@種型號(hào)的汽車的所有部件都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，所以你可以很容易到處更換。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax.asatellitefromthe

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite'scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshufflein1984.Max’sobservationsindicatethatthesolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.

Thesatellite'sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent，smallvariationsintheSun’senergyoutputgenerallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2.000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargegroups,in1980，forexample.SolarMax'sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timeslargerthantheEarth’ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed;however,bycomparingsolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“gas"and“dust”inline3?

3.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsbelievevariationsinthesolarconstantarerelatedto（）.

4.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

5.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth’satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theymagnifythesolarconstant.

B.Theyarefoundinvaryingconcentrations.

C.Scientificequipmentisminedbygasanddust

D.Theyinterferewithaccuratemeasurementofthesolarconstant.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sunspotactivity

B.unusualweatherpatterns

C.increasedlevelsofdust

D.fluctuationsintheEarth'stemperature

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax’sinstrumentwasgettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolar.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.anongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段“For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.150年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直試圖確定太陽(yáng)常數(shù)，即到達(dá)地球的太陽(yáng)能總量。然而，即使在地球上最無(wú)云的地區(qū)，太陽(yáng)常數(shù)也無(wú)法精確測(cè)量?！笨芍疚牡闹黝}是solarconstant太陽(yáng)常數(shù)，主要討論太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的測(cè)量問(wèn)題。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.而，即使在地球上最無(wú)云的地區(qū)，太陽(yáng)常數(shù)也無(wú)法精確測(cè)量。大氣中的氣體分子和塵埃顆粒吸收和散射陽(yáng)光，阻止某些波長(zhǎng)的光到達(dá)地面。所以作者提到氣體分子和塵埃顆粒是想說(shuō)明這兩者阻礙了對(duì)太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的精確測(cè)量。故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這些波動(dòng)與太陽(yáng)黑子上大群太陽(yáng)黑子的出現(xiàn)和消失相吻合。太陽(yáng)黑子是太陽(yáng)表面上相對(duì)黑暗的區(qū)域，具有很強(qiáng)的磁場(chǎng)，溫度比太陽(yáng)表面的其他部分低2000華氏度?？芍?yáng)常數(shù)的波動(dòng)與太陽(yáng)黑子的活動(dòng)有關(guān)，故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段“AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.盡管太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極大期的數(shù)據(jù)顯示太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)緩慢而穩(wěn)定地減少。一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，隨著時(shí)間的推移，該衛(wèi)星的老化探測(cè)器可能變得不那么敏感，從而錯(cuò)誤地顯示出太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的下降?？芍捎谛l(wèi)星的老化有可能使得探測(cè)不敏感，所以科學(xué)家認(rèn)為太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極大期的信息可能不準(zhǔn)確。故C項(xiàng)正確，

5.文章最后一段講了對(duì)于太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的研究已經(jīng)展開(kāi)，這是項(xiàng)復(fù)雜而艱巨的工程，需要持續(xù)不斷的研究和努力。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thecustomerexpressedher（

）forthatbroadhat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disapproval

B.distaste

C.dissatisfaction

D.dismay

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:這位顧客表示她不喜歡那頂寬頂帽。

disapproval后與of搭配，表示不贊成、不同意；distaste后與for搭配，表示不喜歡、厭惡；dissatisfaction后與with搭配，表示不滿；dismay沮喪。

4.單選題

Theheroofthebook,Charles,isaconventionalnineteenth-centurygentleman;theheroineSarah,______byherlover,isa“fallenwoman”,whomCharlestriestohelp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobediscarded

B.tohavebeenabandoned

C.havingcastaway

D.havingbeendeserted

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tobediscarded被拋棄B.tohavebeenabandoned被遺棄

C.havingcastaway丟掉D.havingbeendeserted被拋棄

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)修飾theheroineSarah（女主人公莎拉），通過(guò)介詞by可知，此處表示被動(dòng)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知是表示“拋棄”，desert強(qiáng)調(diào)“違背允諾、誓言或責(zé)任”違，尤其指“背叛、擅離職守”，所以D項(xiàng)符合。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)discard強(qiáng)調(diào)拋棄、丟棄無(wú)用的事物或永遠(yuǎn)放棄某個(gè)信念；

B項(xiàng)abandon強(qiáng)調(diào)完全、永遠(yuǎn)地遺棄，尤其指遺棄以前負(fù)有責(zé)任的人或物；

C項(xiàng)為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且castaway（丟掉）不符合句意。

【句意】書(shū)中的主人公查爾斯是一位傳統(tǒng)的19世紀(jì)紳士；被愛(ài)人拋棄的女主人公莎拉是一個(gè)“墮落的女人”，查爾斯試圖幫助她。

5.單選題

Lovecan’tconquerall.So,beforecouplestietheknot,theyshouldknowwhatthey’regettinginto.Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether.

Asmuchasapersonlovesanother,heorsheneverreallyknowswhathappensbehindcloseddoorsunlessheorsheisstandingontheotherside.Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether.Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds.Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilitiesbeforesomeonerealizesheorshehasmarriedalazybum.

Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc.?

Oneofthelargestproblemsinmarriagesisthe“in”word:money.Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theylearnoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother.It’simportantforcouplestofigureoutbudgetprioritiesbeforetheyaremarried,andthisisdifficulttodounlessapersonhasbeensharingexpenseswithhisorherpartner.Ifcouplesdon’thavetheirfinancialissuesinorder,theyareboundtosurface,causingtroubleinthemarriage.

It’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher.Aspecialbondformsbetweenpeoplewhosharetheirlivingspace,theirpersonallongings,andtheirlivestogether.Somethingsyoujustdon’tknowuntilyou’velivedwithsomeone.

Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,likemosteverythingelseinthiscountry,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect.Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship.Butifarelationshipisgoingtoendit’sbetterforpeopletodiscoverthehardtruthbeforetheymarry.Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?Peoplemightwanttofindoutbeforetheymaketheseriousdecisiontomarry.

1.“Tietheknot”inthefirstlineofthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,throughlivingtogether（）.

3.Tosomepeoplelivingtogetherbeforemarringisunacceptablebecause（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Animportantpointtheauthormadeinthispassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gettingacquaintedwitheachother

B.datingeachother

C.livingtogetherbeforemarriage

D.gettingmarried

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.acouplecanreinforcetheirlove

B.acouplecanlearnwhoisbetteratdoingthehousework

C.acouplecansavesomemoneyfortheirmarriage

D.acouplecanknoweachotherintimately

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisimmoralandinappropriate

B.itmayendarelationshipmorequickly

C.itisashametothecouple’sparents

D.itwillcausemanysocialproblems

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Livingtogetherbeforemarriageisnowmoreacceptablethanbefore.

B.Littlehouseholdchorescancausetroubleinone’smarriage.

C.Loveistheguaranteeofahappymarriage.

D.Newly-wedsoftenhasmanylifeimbalancestoface.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.livingtogetherbeforemarriageissignificant;everycoupleshouldtryit

B.livingtogetherbeforemarriageisachoicethatshouldberespected

C.livingtogetheristhebestwaytobridgethegapsbetweenacouple

D.livingtogetherisasymbolofthemodernformofcivilization

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(人們對(duì)婚前同居的禁忌正在減少，越來(lái)越多的人在同居幾個(gè)月甚至幾年后說(shuō)“我愿意”)，由此可知tietheknot指“結(jié)婚”，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。A:夫妻能牢固他們的愛(ài)情。第六段指出:Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship(同居可以是一種積極的經(jīng)歷，日后會(huì)鞏固婚姻，但也可以是結(jié)束一段關(guān)系的事情)。因此A項(xiàng)不正確。B:夫妻可以了解誰(shuí)更擅長(zhǎng)做家務(wù)。第二段指出:Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilities...(通過(guò)同居，夫妻可以解決這些責(zé)任分配的不平衡…)，此說(shuō)法并不能推斷出B項(xiàng)，因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C:夫妻能為他們的婚姻存一些錢。第四段指出:Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theyleanoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother(如果夫妻在婚前同居，他們會(huì)互相依賴對(duì)方的儲(chǔ)蓄和消費(fèi)方式。通過(guò)削減開(kāi)支，人們不僅學(xué)會(huì)了如何控制每個(gè)人的錢袋，而且學(xué)會(huì)了如何相互討論財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題)。由此可知C項(xiàng)不正確。D:一對(duì)夫妻可以親密地了解彼此。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞livingtogether定位到第五段:it’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher(不和他或她住在一起，就很難親密地了解對(duì)方)，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞unacceptable定位至第二段以及第六段。第二段指出:Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether(雖然有些人認(rèn)為婚前同居是不道德的，但事實(shí)上，夫妻們正在通過(guò)同居來(lái)擴(kuò)展關(guān)系)。第六段指出:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(雖然有些人認(rèn)為婚前同居不合適，但這是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該尊重的選擇)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“不道德也不合適”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:與過(guò)去相比，現(xiàn)在人們更能接受婚前同居了。第一段第二句指出:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(對(duì)婚前同居的禁忌正在減少，越來(lái)越多的人在同居幾個(gè)月甚至幾年后說(shuō)“我愿意”)。因此A項(xiàng)正確。B:家務(wù)瑣事會(huì)給婚姻帶來(lái)麻煩。第二段第三句指出:Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds(例如，家務(wù)責(zé)任的劃分可能是新婚夫婦的一個(gè)大事)。因此B項(xiàng)正確。C:愛(ài)是美滿婚姻的保證。第六段第四句指出:Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?(即使兩個(gè)人彼此相愛(ài)，喜歡共度時(shí)光，但真正的問(wèn)題是，你們能一起生活嗎？)。因此C項(xiàng)與原文不符且過(guò)于絕對(duì)。D:新婚夫婦經(jīng)常面臨許多生活不平衡的問(wèn)題。第三段指出:Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc(這似乎是一個(gè)小問(wèn)題，但是有多少女人和男人從來(lái)沒(méi)有想過(guò)他們會(huì)是唯一做飯、洗碗、吸塵、忙碌、擦洗、消毒、洗衣服、除塵等的人)。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。體現(xiàn)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的句子可參考第六段:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(雖然有些人認(rèn)為婚前同居是不合適的，但這是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該尊重的選擇)，因此B項(xiàng)“婚前同居是一個(gè)應(yīng)該被尊重的選擇”正確。

6.單選題

Withacandleinhand,hecarefully（）theflightofnarrowstairstohisbedroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asserted

B.ascertained

C.assembled

D.ascended

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。assert斷言，堅(jiān)持，維護(hù)；ascertain查明，確定；assemble聚集，集合；ascend攀登，上升。句意：他手里拿著蠟燭，小心翼翼地登上狹窄的樓梯，來(lái)到自己的臥室。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.單選題

Tonyhasnottheleast（）ofgivinguphisresearchwork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.interest

C.wish

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intention“打算，意圖，意向”，后可接of短語(yǔ)，也可以接不定式短語(yǔ)；B選項(xiàng)interest“興趣，愛(ài)好，利息，趣味”，后接介詞in；C選項(xiàng)wish“希望，愿望；祈求，心愿；祝愿，祝?！迸cD選項(xiàng)desire“欲望；要求，心愿”后一般接不定式。句意：托尼毫無(wú)放棄其研究工作的打算。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

MayaLinwasanundergraduatestudentatYalewhenshewas______tocreatetheVietnamVeteransMemorialin1981becauseshewonthepublicdesigncompetitionforthememorial.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commissioned

B.conditioned

C.streamlined

D.aggregated

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)commissioned“正式委托（譜寫(xiě)或制作、創(chuàng)作、完成）”；B選項(xiàng)conditioned“訓(xùn)練，使習(xí)慣于，使適應(yīng)”；C選項(xiàng)streamlined“使增產(chǎn)節(jié)約”；D選項(xiàng)aggregated“總計(jì)，合計(jì)”。句意：1981年，瑪雅林在耶魯大學(xué)讀本科時(shí)被______設(shè)計(jì)越南退伍軍人紀(jì)念館，因?yàn)樗A得了紀(jì)念館的公共設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽?，斞帕众A了設(shè)計(jì)比賽，可知這里指的是和設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)事宜，A選項(xiàng)commissioned“正式委托（譜寫(xiě)或制作、創(chuàng)作、完成）”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

TheEuropeanUnionrevealedonJanuary23thhowitplanstosavetheworld.Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.

Theaimistocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsby2020byatleastafifth,andmorethandoubleto20%theamountofenergyproducedfromrenewablesourcessuchaswindorwavepower.Iffuelfromplantsprovesgreenenough,10%ofthefuelusedintransportmustcomefrombiofuelsbythesamedate.Thenewplanturnsthesegoalsintonationaltargets.Thiswillsurelystartmuchgrumblingandmonthsofhorse-trading,astheEuropeanCommission’srecommendationsareturnedintobindinglawbynationalgovernmentsandtheEuropeanParliament.

Countrieswithgreeneryintheirveinsarebeingaskedtotakemoreoftheburdenthannewermembers.Sweden,forexample,isbeinginvitedtomeet49%ofitsenergyfromrenewables.Attheotherend,Maltagetsarenewablestargetofjust10%.Itisasimilarstorywhenitcomestocuttinggreenhousegases:by2020,Denmarkmustcutemissionsby20%from2005levels;BulgariaandRomania,thenewestmembers,maylettheiremissionsriseby20%.

EUleadershiponclimatechangewillnotcomecheap.Thedirectcostsalonemaybee60billion($87billion),orabout0.5%oftotalEUGDP,by2020,saidthecommission’spresident,JoseManuelBarroso.Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.“Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope”,insistedMr.Barroso.

ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.

1.Toitsmembernations,theEU’splanmeans______.

2.Byusingsomedatainparagraph3,theauthor______.

3.AccordingtoMr.Barroso,heavyindustryintheEUcountrieswill______.

4.AccordingtotheEU’sETS,bigpolluters______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.afiercecompetition

B.anidealgoal

C.agoodopportunity

D.adifficulttask

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.givesanobjectivedescriptionofthetaskassignmentamongEUcountries

B.showsdisapprovalofallowingsomenationstoraisetheirCO2emissions

C.revealshispuzzlementaboutwhysomenationsaretodolessthanothers

D.presentshisadmirationforthosewhotakegreaterpainstosavetheworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.stopbeingthebiggestpolluter

B.beshortofskilledworkforce

C.continueoperating

D.reactwithinaction

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shallbegivennopermitsuntil2011

B.havetopayfortheirexistence

C.willbeallowedafixedamountofemissions

D.canbenefitiftheychoosetobeinsidetheEU

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“對(duì)其成員國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，歐盟的計(jì)劃意味著……”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.（一項(xiàng)龐大的氣候變化計(jì)劃詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了如果歐盟想要實(shí)現(xiàn)各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在上一場(chǎng)比賽中設(shè)定的雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)，其27個(gè)成員國(guó)將會(huì)承受多大的痛苦）和最后一段第一句ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).（達(dá)到這些似乎不可能的任務(wù)的竅門是歐盟的排放交易計(jì)劃）可推知，對(duì)歐盟的成員國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，這一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃是很艱巨的任務(wù)，D項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”、B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)理想的目標(biāo)”和C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì)”都與文章不符，文章主要講述的是歐盟制定的拯救世界的計(jì)劃會(huì)需要其成員國(guó)更多的責(zé)任和代價(jià)，是一個(gè)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“通過(guò)使用第三段中的一些數(shù)據(jù)，作者……”。第三段主要圍繞綠色能源比重大的國(guó)家比其他國(guó)家被要求承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任而進(jìn)行分析和具體說(shuō)明，作者在這里只是一個(gè)客觀的陳述，并未透露自己的情緒觀點(diǎn)，A項(xiàng)“客觀描述了歐盟國(guó)家之間的任務(wù)分配”符合題意；B項(xiàng)“表示不贊成一些國(guó)家提高二氧化碳排放量”、C項(xiàng)“揭示了他對(duì)為什么有些國(guó)家比其他國(guó)家做得少的困惑”和D項(xiàng)“對(duì)那些為拯救世界付出更大努力的人表示欽佩”概括不正確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“據(jù)巴羅佐先生說(shuō)，歐盟國(guó)家的重工業(yè)將會(huì)……”。根據(jù)第四段巴羅佐先生說(shuō)的話Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope.（領(lǐng)導(dǎo)世界對(duì)抗氣候變化不需要以就業(yè)為代價(jià)，即使是在污染最嚴(yán)重的重工業(yè)，我們想留住歐洲的工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)）可知，歐盟國(guó)家的重工業(yè)將會(huì)繼續(xù)，C項(xiàng)“繼續(xù)運(yùn)營(yíng)”正確；由此也可知A項(xiàng)“停止做最大的污染者”錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“缺少熟練勞動(dòng)力”沒(méi)有提到；由Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.（但與不作為的代價(jià)相比，這仍然是一筆便宜的交易，巴羅佐認(rèn)為不作為的代價(jià)是它的十倍）可知，不作為的代價(jià)很高，所以歐盟國(guó)家的重工業(yè)不會(huì)不作為，D項(xiàng)“不作為”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)歐盟排放交易體系，大污染企業(yè)……”。根據(jù)最后一段對(duì)歐盟排放交易體系的描述：ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.（這就迫使電力公司等大型污染者或者制造巨頭交易許可證，以允許他們?cè)诜€(wěn)步收緊總體限制范圍內(nèi)排放二氧化碳和其他造成氣候變化的排放物。委員會(huì)暗示，如果像美國(guó)這樣的國(guó)家到2011年不簽署約束性國(guó)際協(xié)議，那么最大的溫室氣體排放國(guó)在歐盟可能會(huì)免費(fèi)得到準(zhǔn)許?；蛘撸瘑T會(huì)威脅到，歐盟以外的公司可能會(huì)被迫購(gòu)買ETS許可。），由此可以推理，大型污染企業(yè)如果選擇加入歐盟就能夠獲益，而不至于被迫購(gòu)買ETS許可，故D項(xiàng)“如果他們選擇留在歐盟，他們可以從中受益”正確；A項(xiàng)“在2011年之前都不會(huì)得到許可”表述不完全；B項(xiàng)“必須為他們的生存付出代價(jià)”概括不準(zhǔn)確；C項(xiàng)“將被允許一個(gè)固定的排放量”這是在加入歐盟的前提下才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theinventor（）hisoriginaldesigninordertoincreasethemachine’sefficiencytoahigherlevel.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.executed

B.cultivated

C.modified

D.decorated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)executed“執(zhí)行”；B選項(xiàng)cultivated“培養(yǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)modified“修改”；D選項(xiàng)decorated“裝飾”。句意：發(fā)明家為了把機(jī)器的效率提高到一個(gè)更高的水平……原來(lái)的設(shè)計(jì)。increasethemachine’sefficiency提高效率與originaldesign原來(lái)的設(shè)計(jì)之間的關(guān)系，有不足之處即要做出挑戰(zhàn)與改變，故C選項(xiàng)更符合語(yǔ)義。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Oneadvantageofmostpaidworkandofsomeunpaidwordisthatitgiveschancesofsuccessandopportunitiesforambition.Inmostworksuccessismeasuredbyincomeandwhileourcapitalisticsocietycontinues,thisisinevitable.Itisonlywherethebestworkisconcernedthatthismeasureceasestobethenaturaltoapply.Thedesirethatmenfeeltoincreasetheirincomeisquiteasmuchadesireforsuccessasforextracomfortsthatahigherincomecanprovide.Howeverdullworkmaybe,itbecomesbearableifitisameansofbuildingupareputation,whetherintheworldatlargeoronlyinone'sowncircle.Inthisrespectthosewomenwhoselivesareoccupiedwithhouseworkaremuchlessfortunatethanmen,orthanwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome.Thedomesticatedwifedoesnotreceivewages,hasnomeansofbetteringherself,andisvaluedbyherhusbandnotforherhouseworkbutforotherqualities.

Ofcourse,thisdoesnotapplytothosewomenwhoaresufficientlywell-to-dotomakebeautifulhousesandbeautifulgardensandbecometheenvyoftheirneighbors;butsuchwomenarecomparativelyfew,andforthegreatmajorityhouseworkcannotbringasmuchassatisfactionasworkofotherkindsbringstomenandtoprofessionalwomen.

【答案】多數(shù)有報(bào)酬的工作和少數(shù)沒(méi)報(bào)酬的工作有一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，那就是它們提供了成功的機(jī)會(huì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)的可能。收入是大多數(shù)工作好壞的一個(gè)判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，當(dāng)我們這個(gè)資本主義社會(huì)繼續(xù)存在時(shí)，這是不可避免的。只有在工作最好的情況下，收入才不會(huì)被當(dāng)作理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)。人們想增加收入是出自于錢多了可以獲得更多舒適享受這一愿望，但同樣也是出于想取得成功這一欲望。無(wú)論工作有多無(wú)聊，只要它能讓人獲得更多的聲望，無(wú)論是在大范圍的世界出名還是在自己的小圈子有名氣，都是可以忍受的。在這方面來(lái)說(shuō)，那些家庭主婦沒(méi)有在外的男人或者在外工作的女人幸運(yùn)。這些家庭主婦沒(méi)有收入，無(wú)法改善自己的情況。丈夫欣賞的不是她干的家務(wù)活，而是其他品質(zhì)。

當(dāng)然，對(duì)那些有足夠的錢把住宅和花園都搞得十分漂亮并且成為鄰居們羨慕的對(duì)象的女人來(lái)說(shuō)，情況不一樣。但是這樣的女人很少。對(duì)于大多數(shù)婦女，家務(wù)帶給她們的滿足遠(yuǎn)不如其他工作帶給男子或職業(yè)婦女的滿足。

12.單選題

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30million

participantsofallages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娛樂(lè)”；symposium“座談會(huì)’；penalty“懲罰”。句意：在過(guò)去的三十年里，跑步對(duì)于3000萬(wàn)名各個(gè)年齡層的參與者來(lái)說(shuō)成為了一種非常受歡迎的消遣方式。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

InonlytwodecadesAsianAmericanshavebecomethefastest-growingU.S.minority.Astheirchildrenbeganmovingupthroughthenation’sschools,itbecameclearthatanewclassofacademicachieverswasemerging.Theirachievementsarereflectedinthenation’sbestuniversities,wheremathematics,scienceandengineeringdepartmentshavetakenonadecidedlyAsiancharacter.ThisspeciallikingformathematicsandscienceispartlyexplainedbythefactthatAsian-AmericanstudentswhobegantheireducationsabroadarrivedintheU.S.withasolidgroundinginmathematicsbutlittleornoknowledgeofEnglish.Theyarealsoinfluencedbythepromiseofagoodjobaftercollege.Asiansfeeltherewillbelessunfairtreatmentinareaslikemathematicsandsciencebecausetheywillbejudgedmoreobjectively.Andthereturnontheinvestmentineducationismoreimmediateinsomethinglikeengineeringthanwithanartsdegree.

MostAsian-AmericanowetheirsuccesstotheinfluenceofparentswhoaredeterminedthattheirchildrentakefulladvantageofwhattheAmericaneducationalsystemhastooffer.Aneffectivemeasureofparentalattentionishomework.AsianparentsspendmoretimewiththeirchildrenthanAmericanparentsdo,andithelps.ManyresearcheralsobelievethereissomethinginAsianculturethatneedssuccess,suchasidealsthatstressfamilyvaluesandemphasizeeducation.

BothexplanationsforacademicsuccessworryAsianAmericansbecauseoffearsthattheyfeedatypicalracialimage.ManycanrememberwhenChinese,JapaneseandFilipinoimmigrantswerethevictimsofsocialisolation.Indeed,itwasnotuntil1952thatlawswerelaiddowngivingallAsianimmigrantstherighttocitizenship.

1.Whilemakingtremendousachievementsatcollege,Asian-Americanstudents（）.

2.WhatarethemajorfactorsthatdeterminethesuccessofAsianAmericans?

3.FewAsian-Americanstudentsmajorinhumansciencesmainlybecause（）.

4.Whydothetwo“explanations”(Para.3,Line.1)worryAsianAmericans?

5.Theauthor’stoneinthispassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.feeltheyaremistreatedbecauseoflimitedknowledgeofEnglish.

B.areafraidthattheiracademicsuccessesbearastrongAsiancharacter

C.generallyfeelitashametohavetodependontheirparents

D.stillworryaboutunfairtreatmentinsociety

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.AsolidfoundationinbasicmathematicsandAsianculture.

B.Hardworkandintelligence.

C.HardworkandalimitedknowledgeofEnglish.

D.AsiancultureandtheAmericaneducationalsystem.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theirEnglishisnotgoodenough

B.thereisawidedifferencebetweenAsianandWesterncultures

C.theyareafraidtheymightmeetwithunfairjudgmentintheseareas

D.theyknowlittleaboutAmericancultureandsociety

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheyareafraidthattheywouldagainbeisolatedfromAmericansocietyingeneral.

B.PeoplewouldthinkthatAsianstudentrelyontheirparentsforsuccess.

C.Asian-Americanswouldbethreattootherminorities.

D.AmericanacademicachievementshavetakenontoostronganAsiancharacter.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.sympathetic

B.objective

C.critical

D.doubtful

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句ManyresearcheralsobelievethereissomethinginAsianculturethatneedssuccess,suchasidealsthatstressfamilyvaluesandemphasizeeducation（許多研究者還認(rèn)為，亞洲文化中有一些東西需要成功，比如強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭價(jià)值觀和強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的理想）以及第三段第一，二句BothexplanationsforacademicsuccessworryAsianAmericansbecauseoffearsthattheyfeedatypicalracialimage.ManycanrememberwhenChinese,JapaneseandFilipinoimmigrantswerethevictimsofsocialisolation（這兩種對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)成功的解釋都讓亞裔美國(guó)人感到擔(dān)憂，因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心自己會(huì)形成一種典型的種族形象。許多人還記得，中國(guó)、日本和菲律賓移民曾是社會(huì)孤立的受害者）可以判斷出D選項(xiàng)“仍然擔(dān)心社會(huì)上的不公平待遇”正確以及B選項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心他們的學(xué)術(shù)成就帶有強(qiáng)烈的亞洲特色”錯(cuò)誤，亞裔美國(guó)學(xué)生擔(dān)心他們的學(xué)術(shù)成就帶有強(qiáng)烈的亞洲特色根本原因是害怕亞洲特色會(huì)讓他們?cè)谏鐣?huì)上遭遇不公平的待遇；A選項(xiàng)“覺(jué)得自己因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)知識(shí)有限而受到不公平對(duì)待”在原文中未提及；根據(jù)文章第二段第一句MostAsian-Americanowetheirsuccesstotheinfluenceofparents（大多數(shù)亞裔美國(guó)人把他們的成功歸功于父母的影響）可知C選項(xiàng)“通常覺(jué)得依靠父母是件可恥的事”錯(cuò)誤；因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段ThisspeciallikingformathematicsandscienceispartlyexplainedbythefactthatAsian-AmericanstudentswhobegantheireducationsabroadarrivedintheU.S.withasolidgroundinginmathematicsbutlittleornoknowledgeofEnglish（這種對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)的特別喜愛(ài)部分是由這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)解釋的：亞裔美國(guó)學(xué)生在國(guó)外開(kāi)始接受教育時(shí)，在美國(guó)有堅(jiān)實(shí)的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，但很少或根本不懂英語(yǔ)）以及第二段最后一句ManyresearcheralsobelievethereissomethinginAsianculturethatneedssuccess,suchasidealsthatstressfamilyvaluesandemphasizeeducation（許多研究者還認(rèn)為，亞洲文化中有一些東西需要成功，比如強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭價(jià)值觀和強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的理想）可知A選項(xiàng)“扎實(shí)的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和亞洲文化”正確以及C選項(xiàng)“努力學(xué)習(xí)和有限的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“勤奮和智慧”在原文未提及；根據(jù)第二段MostAsian-Americanowetheirsuccesstotheinfluenceofparentswhoaredeterminedthattheirchildrentakefulladvantageof