托福作文寫作范文詳解nite

托福作文寫作范文詳解ReadingInthepastcentury,thesteadygrowthofthehumanpopulationandthecorrespondingincreaseinagricultureandpesticideusehavecausedmuchharmtowildlifeintheUnitedStates-birdsinparticular.Unfortunatelyforbirds,thesetrendsarelikelytocontinue,withtheresultthatthenumberofbirdsintheUnitedStateswillnecessarilydecline.First,ashumanpopulationsandsettlementscontinuetoexpand,birds1naturalhabitatswillcontinuetodisappear.Forests,wetlands,andgrasslandswillgivewaytoevermorehomes,malls,andoffices.Asthetraditionalareassuitableforbirdskeepdecreasing,sowillthesizeofthebirdpopulationsthatdependonthosevanishinghabitats.Second,agriculturalactivitiesmustincreasetokeeppacewiththegrowinghumanpopulation.Thegrowthofagriculturewillalsoresultinthefurtherdestructionofbirdhabitatsasmoreandmorewildernessareasareconvertedtoagriculturaluse.Asaresult,birdpopulationsinruralareaswillcontinuetodecline.Third,ashumansettlementsexpandandagricultureincreases,theuseofchemicalpesticideswillalsoincrease.Pesticidesarepoisonsdesignedtokillagriculturalandhomegardenpests,suchasinsects,butinevitably,pesticidesgetintothewaterandintothefoodchainforbirdswheretheycanharmbirds.Birdsthateatthepoisonedinsectsordrinkcontaminatedwatercandieasaresult,andevenifpesticidesdonotkillbirdsoutright,theycanpreventthemfromreproducingsuccessfully.Sopesticideshavesignificantlycontributedtodeclinesinbirdpopulation,andbecausetherewillcontinuetobeaneedtocontrolagriculturalpestsinthefuture,thisdeclinewillcontinue.ListeningThepassageclamsthattherewillbefewerandfewerbirds,buttheargumentsusedtosupportthisclaimareunconvincing.First,it'struethaturbangrowthhasbeenbadforsometypesofbirds,buturbandevelopmentactuallyprovidesbetterandlargerhabitatsforothertypes,somuchsothatcityandsuburbandwellersoftencomplainaboutincreasedbirdspopulations—seagullsatlandfills,pigeonsonthestreetsandsoon.Evenbirdslikehawksandfalconscannowbefoundincities,wheretheypreyontheincreasingpopulationsofpigeonsandrodents.Soit'snotgoingtobeastoryofuniformdeclineofbirdpopulationsinthefuture.Somepopulationsmayshrink,butotherswillgrow.Asforagriculture,itzstruethatittoowillincreaseinthefuture,butnotinthewayassumedbythereadingpassage.Thetruthis,intheUnitedStates,lessandlesslandisbeingusedforagricultureeveryyear.Increasinginagriculturalproductionhaveresultedfromandwillcontinuetoresultfromtheintroductionofnew,moreproductivevarietiesofcrops.Thesenewcropsproducemorefoodperunitofland,andasaresult,there7snoneedtodestroywildernessareas.Andthird,whileitscertainlytruethattraditionalpesticideshavebeendestructivetobirds,it'sincorrecttoprojectthishistoryintothefuture.Nowthatpeopleareawareofthepossibleconsequencesoftraditionalpesticides,twochangeshaveoccurred.First,newandmuchlesstoxicpesticideshavebeendeveloped,andthat'simportant.Second,andperhapsmoreimportantlythereisagrowingtrendtodevelopmorepestresistantcrops,cropsthataregeneticallydesignedtobeunattractivetopests.Pestresistantcropsgreatlyreducetheneedforchemicalpesticides.Andbestofall,pestresistantcropsdonztharmbirdsatalL一、閱讀聽力要點概括ReadingPassageMainpoints:Birdsnumberwilldeclineinresultofhumangrowth.Subpoint1:Birds'habitsdisappearsincehumanexpand.Subpoint2:Birds7habitatsdecreasesincefurtheragriculturalactivities.Subpoint3:Useofchemicalpesticideswillincreaseandkillagriculturalthenkillbirds.LectureAttitude:Unconvincing.SubPoint1:Notauniformdeclineforallbirds.(Badforsome,Goodforsome,Seagulls,Pigeons,Hawks.)SubPoint2:Lesslandisusedforagriculture.(ProductiveCrops.)SubPoint3:Newpesticidesdon'tharmbirds.(Lesstoxic,Pestresistantcrops.)二,范文逐段賞析Paragraph1ThereadingpassageclaimsthatthenumberofbirdsintheUSwilldefinitelydecline.Yettheprofessorarguesthatbirdpopulationswillnotshrinkduetoincreasesinhumanpopulation,agriculture,andpesticideuseasissuggestedbythereadingpassage'sauthor.此段功能：（Listeningpassage后文提到用L代替）（Readingpassage后文用R代替）以L的觀點為主要觀點。先復(fù)述R的觀點：US的鳥群數(shù)量會降低。再確定L的反對邏輯關(guān)系。然后說鳥群數(shù)量不會隨著人類增長而減少。此段結(jié)構(gòu)：開頭段非常簡練干凈，先復(fù)述R的觀點，然后說L反對R,再列出L的觀點。為引出充分的辯論做出了準備。Paragraph2First,theprofessorpointsoutthaturbangrowth,whileharmfultosometypesofbirds,canprovidehabitatsformanyothertypes.Asamatteroffact,urbanandsuburbandwellerscomplainfrequentlyabouthavingtoomanybirds.This,however,contradictsthestatementinthereadingpassagethaturbandevelopmentcausesbirdstodisappear.此段功能：引出第一個分論點（人類引起的城市擴張對鳥類影響），L中說，雖然擴張影響了一部分鳥類，但是能為其他很多鳥類提供住所。甚至城市人會投訴鳥數(shù)量太多了，反對了R中的聲明。此段結(jié)構(gòu)：此段為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，先寫出L的結(jié)論，隨后列舉證據(jù),最后達到反對R觀點的效果。Paragraph3Second,theprofessorexplainsthatagriculturaldevelopmentwon'taffectbirdpopulationasthereadingillustrates.Newly-introducedandhighlyproductivecropscontinuouslycontributetoproductionenhancementandmoreefficientlanduse,makingitunnecessaryforhumanstodestroymorewildernessareas.此段功能:引出第二個分論點，L中教授繼續(xù)發(fā)表觀點：農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展不會影響鳥群數(shù)量。然后解釋說新型高產(chǎn)作物使得人們不需要更多耕種用地。此段結(jié)構(gòu)：此段還是總分結(jié)構(gòu)。L發(fā)表了新觀點后，列舉證據(jù)，最后一句和R中所得結(jié)論相反。Paragraph4Third,whileconvincedoftheharmfulnatureofpesticideusetobirds,thep