上海各區(qū)2017-2018年高三英語一模試題匯編-摘要寫作SummaryWriting-老師版全部帶答案已經(jīng)校對

One【2018屆上海市虹口區(qū)高三英語一模試題】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WildernessTherapyWhenmostpeopleheartheterm“psychotherapythey,picturetraditionaltalktherapy-someonesittingonacouchorchairtalkingabouttheirtroublingthoughtsandfeelingswithapsychologistorothermentalhealthprofessional.However,talktherapyisn'tileonlytypeofpsychotherapyusedtohelpindividualsstrugglingwithdepression,anxiety,andawholehostofotherchallengingdisorders,emotionalstruggles,andothertypesofproblems.Inreality,therapytakesplaceinallkindsofsettings.Oneofthemiswildernesstherapy.Whenthecampsiteissetupandthefireislit,thedoctorisin.Wildernesstherapyisasuccessful,andsometimescontroversial（有爭議的）waytohelptroubledyouthbyteachinglifeandsocialskillsonthehikingtrail.Intensivegrouptherapyandone-on-onesessionsarecoupledwithoutdooractivitieslikemountainclimbingandfly-fishingtoteachself-relianceandresponsibility.Programspromisetoreformeventhemostwayward（任性的）ofoffenders,includingteenswithdepression,angermanagementissues,oreatingdisorders.Whilewildernesstherapycanbeeffective,certainmethodshavecomeunderfireforusingunethical,andsometimesabusive（施虐的）techniquestohelpstrugglingyouth.Wildernessprogramsarelooselyregulated,sonotallprogramsarestaffedbyqualifiedprofessionals.Uponcloserexamination,some“therapy"groupsseemedtobejusylmibtarycampswithlittlementalhealthbenefit.Evenlegalwildernesstherapygroupshavebeencriticizedforpartneringwithteenescort（陪同）companiestoforciblyremoveunwillingparticipantsfromtheirhomestoattendtheprogram.Whilecontroversyandriskexist,wildernesstherapymightbeacreativewaytoteachlifeskillswhenothermethodshavefailed.Keys:Wildnesstherapyisakindofpsychotherapy,whichisasuccessfulonewithargument.Itisaimedtoreformyouthsintroublebyhavingthemgetinvolvedinoutdooractivities.Itiscriticized/blamedforsomeofitsmethods,lackofprofessionalstaffandnotbeingmentallybeneficial.However,itisacreativewaytoequipyouthswithlifeandsocialskills.(60words)Two【2018屆上海市黃浦區(qū)高三英語一模試題】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.AreOpenOfficesGoodforUs?Fouryearsago,ChrisNageledidwhatmanyothertechnologyexecutiveshavedonebefore-movedhisteamintoanopenconceptoffice.Hisstaffhadbeenentirelyworkingfromhome,buthewantedeveryonetobetogether,toconnectandcooperatemoreeasily.Itquicklybecameclear,though,thatNagelehadmadeahugemistake.Everyonewasdistractedandproductivitysufferedandnineemployeeswereunhappy,nottomentionNagelehimself.Aboutthreeyearsaftermovingintotheopenoffice,Nagelemovedthecompanyintoa10,000-squarefootofficewhereeveryonenowhastheirownspace—completewithclosingdoors.Numerouscompanieshaveheldtheopenoffice-about70%ofUSofficesareopenconcept-andveryfewhavemovedbackintotraditionalspaceswithofficesanddoors.Butresearchthatwe're15%lessproductive,wehavehugetroubleconcentratinginopenworkingspaces,hascontributedtoagrowingcriticismagainstopenoffices.Besidethecheapercost,onemainargumentfortheopenworkspaceisthatitincreasesteamwork.However,it'welldocumentedthatwerarelybrainstormbrilliantideaswhenwe'rejustshootingthebreezeinacrowd.Instead,asmanyofusknow,we'remorelikelytohearaboutheChristmasgiftacolleagueisbuyingforafamilymember,orproblemswithyourdeskmatespouse.Forjobsthatrequirefocus,likewriting,advertising,financialplanningandcomputerprogramming,somecompaniesthataren'treadytoabandonopenplansareexperimentingwithquietandclosedspaces.Thetroublewiththat,issomeofusdon'tfeelcomfortableleavingtheteamtogooffonourown—itcanfeelasifwe'renotpullingourweightifwe'renotpresent.That'particularlytrueinhigh-pressureenvironments.Someofusevenfeelthatescapingtoaquietroomisasignofweakness.Keys:Thoughopenofficesismeanttoraisecooperation,employeesfeelithardtoconcentrate,thusreducingproductivity.Quietandclosedspacesarebetterchoicesforjobsdemandingconcentration,butsomehaveafeelingofdiscomfortorweaknesstoworkalone.(40words)Three【2018屆上海市浦東新區(qū)高三英語一模試題】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Accordingtoanofficialreportonyouthviolence."Inourcountrytoday,thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment,buttheterriblerealityofviolence."Giventhatthisisthecase,whyaren'tstudentstaughttomanageconflictth(waytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems,drivecars,orstayphysicallyfit?Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Itisreportedthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult.Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Iftheconflictoccurs,studentscanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution:staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer.Heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewordsandaccusationsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfirewhilesoftwordscanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.Afterthat,theycanuseanotherkeystrategyforconflictresolution.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorherside:andtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterwards,thelistenercanasknon-threateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker'sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.Finally,studentsneedtoconsiderwhattheyarehearing.Anargumentdoesn'tmeantryinfigureoutthefaultoftheotherpersonbutmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueis.Astheissuebecomesclearer,theconflictoftensimplybecomessmaller.(280words)Keys:Violenceisofficiallyreportedtohavebecomethegreatestthreattoteenagerslives,andstudentsshouldlearntohowtomanageconflict.Whileconflictisinevitable,whichstudentsshouldknow,keepingcalmandcarefullylisteningtoeachotherisadvisable.Reviewingwhattheyhearandunderstandingwhattherealissueiswillmaketheconflictbecomesmaller.(58words)Four【2018屆上海市長寧區(qū)嘉定區(qū)高三英語一模試題】一IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Toairlineandairportoperators,fogisanenemy.Whenthewhite,mistyblankethidesrunways,airplanescannottakeofforland.Changesinflightschedulescosttheairlinesseveralmilliondollarseachyear.Fogisanconcentrationoftinywaterdropletssuspendedintheair.Itmostoftenoccurswhenwarm,mostairissuddenlycooled.Tocleartheairoffog,itisnecessarytoevaporatethedropletsorcausethemtojointogetherandfallasrainorsnow.In1968,anewfog-sweepingmachinewastestedfordissipating(馬區(qū)散)themostcommonkingoffog,whichoccursattemperatureabovefreezing.Themachineconsistsof100-foot-longplastictubemountedonamobileblower.Asthemachinemovedacrosstheairport,chemicalswereblownthroughthetubeandupintothefog.Oneofthechemicalsreducesthesurfacetensiononthewaterdropletssothattheywouldjointogethermoreeasily.Anotherchemicalgaveanelectronicchargetothedroplets,sothattheyattractedeachotherandfellasrain.Coldfog,whichoccursattemperaturesbelowfreezing,causesonlyasmallpercentageofairportshutdowns.Coldfogisfairlyeasytoeliminate.Forquiteafewyears,airportshaveusedcloud-seedingmethodstodissipatecoldfog.Anairplanedropscrystalsofdryiceintothefog.Soon,snowfallsandtheairclears.Inthe1900s,anotherkindofweaponagainstfogwasdeveloped.Pilotswhoareflyingthroughfogfireapulseoflaserlighttowardtherunway.Thelightthatwouldnormallybereflectedbythefogisscreenedoutbyasensor.Whenthelaserpulsereturns,thesensoropensbrieflytoadmitonlythelightreflectedfromtherunway,thusenablingthelaserto“seetherunwaythroughthefog.Thesenew“whetherweapons"arehelpingtowinrtagainstfog.Keys:Fog,aconcentrationoftinywaterdropletssuspendingintheair,isairlineandairportoperators'enemy,butmachineshavehelpedtowinthewaragainstit.Thefog-sweepingmachinedissipatescommonfog,andthecloud-seedingmachinecaneliminatecoldfog.Anotherweaponenablespilotstosee"therunwaythroughthefog.(55words)Five【2018屆上海市徐匯區(qū)高三英語一模試畫一IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Weseeiteverywhere.Atiredparent,attheendofastressfulday,losesit—andachildsuffers.We'dliketohelpifwecould,butwehesitate.IsitourbusinesstMtervene(干涉)?Andifwedo,willweembarrassandoffendtheparent,makinghimorherevenmoreangrywiththechild?Isn'titwisertowalkpastwithoutcomment?Afterall,noneofusisaperfectparent.Thereseemstobeacommonassumptioninoursocietythatinterveningonbehalfofachildinapublicplaceisnecessarilyhurtfulandcritical.Itneedstobeneither.Thereisaworldofdifferencebetweenhurtfulcriticism("Howdareyoutreatyourchildlikethat?”andhelpfulinterventiondoneinacaringway("Itcanbereallyhardtomeettheirneedswhenyou'resobusy.IsthereanythingIcandotohelp?")Thereisnothingessentialininterventionthatrequiresonetobeoffensive.MyfriendsandIhavewitnessedsomereallyharmfulacts:hitting,severeverbalabuse,hurtfulcomparisonstobrothersandsisters,andsoon.Thesechildrenacceptthistreatmentbecausetheyaretoohelplessandinexperiencedtostandupforthemselves.Thatemotionalabuse(虐待)leavesnooutwardscarsshouldnotexcuseusfromhelpingthesechildren.Thoseofuswhocanrecognizedamagingtreatmenthaveanobligationtostepin.Thereisonemorereasonforinterveningthatisnearlyalwaysoverlookedinthesediscussions,butwhichIconsidertobethemostsignificant:thelifelongeffectitcanhaveonthechild.Manyadultsincounselingsessionsstillrecallwithgratitudetheonetimethatastrangersteppedinontheirbehalf,andhowmuchitmeant:thatsomeonecared,andthatthechild'sfeelingsofangerandfrustrationwererecognizedandaccepted.Theseadultshavestatedtomethatthisoneinterventionchangedtheirlivesandgavethemhope.Arewetobypasstheopportunitytomakesuchabigdifferenceinthelifeofachild?Keys:Peoplemayhesitatetohelpwhentheyseechildrenabusedbytheirparentsinpublicbecausetheyareafraidtoembarrassandoffendtheparent.However,interventioncanbedoneinanon-offensiveway.Sincechildrenaretooyoungtostandupforthemselves,weareobligedtointervene,whichmayhavealifelongeffectontheirfuture/growth.(58words)Six【2018屆上海市閔行區(qū)高三英語一模試題】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.CaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerican'slargestbirdslewijltlwirigjpto3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoningnearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff."Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon'tseethepowerliBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution(電死)iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-freedcondorsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.Leadpoisonoushasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidneyfailuresanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011.Rideout'teamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors;averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears."Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,“hesays."Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”Keys:TwomeasureshavebeentakentosaveCaliforniacondorsfromextinctionfordecades.First,tokeepcondorsawayfromelectricallines,electricshocktrainingletthemexperiencebitterbutnotfatalshock.Secondtoclearleadfromtheirblood,somearegivenmedicaltreatmentatthezoo.Asthestatisticsshow,theseeffortshavehadgoodresults.(57words)Seven【2018屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三英語一模試題】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.AFather'sInfluenceMakesforBetterGradesAdolescentsfromlow-incomefamiliesinparticulararemorelikelythantheirmiddle-classpeerstounderachieveandtodropoutofschool.Studieshaveshownthatapositiveattitudetowardsschoolworkandthesupportandencouragementfromtheirparentscanhelpat-riskyoungsterstoovercometheeconomicbarriersandlackofresourcestheyface.Mostoftheevidenceabouttheeffectsofparentalinvolvementcomesfromresearchonmothers.Littleisknown,however,abouthowadolescentsexperiencetheirfatherswarmthandthebeliefsandbehaviorsthataremostaffectedbyit.Thisnewstudyispartofalargeronefocusingonlow-incomefamiliesconductedinfourmiddleschoolsinthesouthwesternUnitedStates.Datawereanalyzedfromquestionnairescompletedby183sixth-gradersabouthowoptimisticandmotivatedtheywereabouttheirschoolwork,andhowtheyexperiencedtheirfathers.ThequestionnaireswerecompletedprimarilybyrespondentsofMexicanAmerican,AfricanAmericanandEuropeanAmericandescent.Theirmathsandlanguageartsgradeswerealsoobtained.Theirfindingsshowhowfatherscansupporttheirteenagersinwaysthatresultingreateroptimism,self-efficacy,and,ultimately,higherachievementatschool.Thesepositiveeffectsextendtobothsonsanddaughters,whileindifferentways.Experiencingtheirfather'swarmthfirstinfluencesdaughters'senseofoptimism,andthenspillsoverintotheirfeelingmoredeterminedandcertainabouttheiracademicabilities.Thisinturnleadstobettermathgrades.Thereisamoredirectlinkbetweentheirfathersinvolvementandteenageboys'beliefintheirabilitytosucceedontheacademicfront.Thisheightenedself-confidenceincreasedtheirsuccessinEnglishlanguageartsclasses.Suizzosuggeststhatcounselorsandeducatorsshouldencouragefatherstocommunicatewarmthandacceptancetotheirchildren,becauseofthepositiveinfluencetheseemotionshaveontheirwell-being.Keys:Evidenceshowsthatmotherscanhelpchildrenovercomedifficulties,butarecentlystudyfindsthatfathersalsohavepositiveinfluence.Theycanhelpchildrenfeelmoreoptimisticandself-confident,whichbooststhemathscoreofteenagegirlsandthelanguageabilitiesofboys.Therefore,fathersshouldbeencouragedtoconveycareandrecognitiontotheirchildren.(56words)Eight【2018屆上海市靜安區(qū)高三英語一模】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Formanywell-educatedtravelers,buyingacopyofLonelyPlanetisthefirsttaskbeforetakingavacationabroad.Foundedin1973,LonelyPlanetisthebiggestguidebookseriesinmanycountries.It'spublishedin11languagesincludingChinese.ButwhentheBBCconfirmedonMarch19thatithadsoldtheentireLonelyPlanetseriestoaUSbillionaireatasignificantdeficit(赤字),manycommentedthatthedealsangtheswansongfortheprintedguidebook.TheriseoftheInternetandtheprevalenceofsmartphoneshavebecomeaburdenontheprintmedia.Whywouldtravelersbringaheavyguidebookwhentheycandownloadtheappstotheirsmartphoneinaninstant?Furthermore,alternativeandfreetravelcontentisreadilyavailableontheInternet,fromWikivoyagetoTripAdvisorwhichprovideexcellentguidanceonyourtrips.ButtheInternetisnottheonlyreasonthatguidebooksareindecline.Itisalsowidelyacceptedthatthephysicalguidebookhassuchcompletecontentthatcankillanysenseofpersonalexploration.Withtheguidebooks,allthosebackpackerfeetendedupfollowingroutinetraderoutes,andinthoserouteswaslittleroomforinitiative.It'salsopointedoutthattheguidebookisnotexactlygoodfortourism.Oftentheshopsandrestaurantsthatthrivedonarecommendationintheguidebookrelaxedanddiscoveredthatitdidn'ntatter:thelegionsofeagertravelerskeeponcominganyway.Theygraduallybecomeuncompetitive.Andyet,despitetheriseofnewmedia,it'believedthereisstillaplaceforprintedguidebooks,atleastforthetimebeingasbooksstillofferreadersthekindoffeelingthatvirtualtoolscan'tprovide,moreofacompelling,touchableinteraction.Keys:Thechanging-handsoftheinfluentialLonelyPlanetatfinanciallossessignifiedthebreakdownofphysicalguidebooks.Thedeclineisattributedtofreequalitycontentonlineandconvenientsmartphoneapps.Besides,guidebookscomprehensivenessharmsinnovationandrecommendedbusinessesultimatelygetslackandloseedge.However,offeringdifferentexperience,guidebooksstillhaveroomforexistencecurrently.(55words)Nine【2018屆上海市崇明區(qū)高三英語一模試?yán)纫籌V.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.FromBurnSurvivortoGlobalInspirationLastOctober,theKonaIronmanWorldChampionshipwitnessedanunbelievablefinish.TuriaPitt,anAustralianwomanwhosufferedsevereburnswhencaughtinabushfireduringamarathonsixyearsago,successfullychallengedherself.Pittspent864daysinahospitalandwentthroughmorethan200operations.Doctorssaidshewouldneverrunagain,butsheprovedthemwrong.CrossingthelineintheHawaiiandarkness,Pittshowedincredibleemotionastheracecommentator(現(xiàn)場解說員)announced:"TuriaPitt,youareanironman!”O(jiān)nsocialmedia,people

aroundtheworldapplaudedherdetermination.Apartfromcontinuingtobeastarathlete,Pittisalsoamotivationalspeakernow.Sheissharingherjourneyofrecoverywithotherstohelpraiseawarenessabouttheimportanceoforgandonation,whichshebelievessavedherlife.Pittwas24yearsoldwhensheandfiveothersencounteredthefire.Doctorshadtoremovetheburntskinandreplaceitwithdonatedskinthatcouldfightinfection.NonecouldbefoundinAustraliaanddoctorswereforcedtosearchabroad.TheyfinallyfoundskinthatcouldbeusedintheUnitedStates.“Ide"I'mnotbeingdramatic,butitwastheskinthatsavedmylife,"saidPitt.“IdemylifetothebestofmyabilitiesbecauseIneverwantedthosedonors,wherevertheyare,tothinkIwasungratefulfortheirgift.”SoPittsetherselfabiggoal:theKonaIronmanWorldChampionship.Inordertocompete,shehadtofirstlearnhowtostand,walkandeventalkalloveragain.Andbecauseofherburns,shealsohastroublesweatingandregulatingherbodytemperature.Despitethesedisadvantages,Pittcompletedtheraceinjust14hours.Shesaidthisachievementwouldnotbepossiblewithoutthedonatedskin,highlightingtheimportanceoforgandonation.Keys:TuriaPittmetwithafireduringamarathonandgotseverelyburnt6yearsago.Butsheeventuallysurvivedandrecoveredwiththedonatedskin.WhatinspiredpeoplemorewasthatshefinishedtheKonaIronmanWorldChampionshipdespiteallthedisadvantagesshehadafterthesurgery.Sheisnowpromotingorgandonationwithherownrecoveryexperience.(59words)Ten【2018屆上海市普陀區(qū)高三英語一模試題】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.“WhereYouGo"Doesn'tMatterSoMuchDuringthefallmonthsathighschoolguidancecounselingprograms,juniorsruntothestagetoparticipateinanexercisetotryandhelpthemunderstandthatitisnot“whereyougo”thatmatters.Theyholdpostersfeaturingthenamesandfacesoffamouspeoplewhiletheirpeersandparentsshoutoutwithconfidencethenamesofelitecolleges(名校)theyassumethecelebritiesattended.The"oohs"and"foaowastheaudiencelearnthatStevenSpielberg,SteveJobsandBillGatesdroppedoutofcollegeandthatKenBurnsgraduatedfromHampshireCollege.Ifevenafewstressedstudentsandtheiranxiousparentsbenefitfromthisinformation,itisaworthwhileexercise.Evenbetterisgivingthestudentsanassignmenttoidentifythehappy,successfulpeopleintheirowncircleoffamily,friends,co-workersandneighborsandchallengingthemtogoandask“iforwheretheywenttocollege?”broacmeiangstbeconversationintheirsearchforalifeafterhighschool.Thekeytosuccessincollegeandbeyondhasmoretodowithwhatstudentsdowiththeirtimeduringcollegethanwhatcollegetheychoosetoattend.Along-termstudyof6,335collegegraduatespublishedbytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchfoundthatgraduatingfromacollegewhereenteringstudentshavehigherSATscores—onemarkerofelitecolleges—didn'tpayoffinhigherpost-graduationincome.Researchersfoundthatstudentswhoappliedtoseveraleliteschoolsbutdidn'tattendtthierrbecauseofrejectionorbytheirownchoice—aremorelikelytoearnhighincomeslaterthanstudentswhoactuallyattendedeliteschools.Inasummaryofthefindings,thebureausaysthat“evidently,students'motivation,ambitionanddesiretolearnhaveamuchstrongereffectontheirlatersuccessthanaverageacademicabilityoftheirclassmates.”Keys:Byaskingthestudentstoguessthecollegessomecelebritiesattendedandtoinvestigatetheeducationalbackgroundoftheirsuccessfulacquaintances,highschoolprogrammesindicatethatthesuccessfulpeopledon'necessarilygraduatefromfamouscolleges.Accordingtoaresearch,nottheuniversitiespeopleattendedbuttheirpropertimemanagement,effortsandwillingnesscontributemosttolifelongsuccess.(57words)/Bylaunchingacampaigninwhichthestudentsgettoknowtheeducationalbackgroundofsomefamousandsuccessfulpeople,somehighschoolinstructingprojectsareintendedtorevealthatcomparedwiththecollegesthestudentsattend,theeffortstheymadeduringthecollegecount.Besides,students'willingnessandtheeagernesstolearnaccountmoreforlifelongsuccess.(58words)/Withworthwhileguidancecounselingprogrammesinformingnot“Whereyougo”butpropertimemanagementcounts,thestudentsandtheirparentsareshockedtodiscoversomecelebritiesdidn'tgraduatefroctesssuniversity.NationwideresearchfoundhighSATsdidn'tmeanhighincome.Thosewhoappliedbutrejectedwillbesuccessfulifmotivated,ambitiousandactiveinlearning.(55words)Eleven【2018屆上海市金山區(qū)高三英語一模試題】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.SalesstrategiesHowcanacompanyimproveitssales?Oneofthekeystomoreeffectivesellingisforacompanytofirstdecideonits“salesstrategys,whiatiistlteriwor(ofthesalesperson?Isthesalesperson'sjobnarrative,suggestive,orconsultative?The“narrativesalesstrategydependsonthesalespersonmovingquicklyintoastandardsalespresentation.Hisorherpitchhighlightsthebenefitforthecustomerofaparticularproductorservice.Thisapproachismosteffectiveforcustomerswhosebuyingmotivesarebasicallythesame.The“suggestiveapproachistailoredmorefortheindividualcustomer.Thesalespersonmustbeinapositiontoofferalternativerecommendationsthatmeetaparticularcustomer'snee(Onekeyaspectofthesuggestiveapproachistheneedforthesalespersontoengagethebuyerinsomesortofdiscussion.Thesalespersoncanthenusetheinformationfromthecustomertosuggestanappropriateproductorservice.Thefinalstrategydemandsthatacompany'ssalesstaffactas“consultants"forthebthisrole,thesalespersonmustacquireagreatdealofinformationaboutthecustomer.Theydothisthroughmarketresearch,surveys,andface-to-facediscussions.Usingthisinformation,thesalespersonmakesadetailedpresentationtailoredtoaconsumer'needs.Moreandmoresalesteamsareswitchingfromanarrativeorasuggestiveapproachtoamoreconsultativestrategy.Asaresult,corporationsvaluecreativityandanalyticalskills.Keys:Suchsalesstrategiesasnarrative,suggestiveandconsultativestrategiescanimproveacompany'ssales.Thenarrativestrategyreferstoastandardpresentationsutableforbuyerswithsimilarmotives,whilethesuggestivestrategymeansthesalespersonshouldofferalternativechoicesofaparticularcustomer.Finally,thepresentationinconsultativestrategyisdesignedtomeetaconsumer'sspecificne6e0swords)Twelve【2018年松江區(qū)高三英語一模試題】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Whenaratherdirty,poorlydressedpersonkneelsatyourfeetandputsouthishandstobegforafewcoins,doyouhurryon,notknowingwhattodo,ordoyoufeelsadandhurriedlyhandoversomemoney?Whatshouldourattitudetobeggarsbe?Therecanbenoquestionthattheworldisfullofterriblysadstories.Itmustbeterribletohavenoideawhereournextmealisgoingtocomefrom.Itseemscruelnottogivesomemoneytobeg-gars.Certainly,mostoftheworld'sgreatreligionsorderustobeopenheartedandsharewhatwehavewiththoselessfortunatethanourselves.Buthastheworldchanged?Maybewhatwasmorallyrightintheolddays,whenoneknewexactlywhointhevillagehadsufferedmisfortuneandneededhelp,isnolongerthebestidea.Quiteafewpeoplewillnotgivetobeggars.Letuslookattheirarguments.First,somebelievethatmanycitybeggarsdressuponpurposetolookpitiableandactuallymakeagoodlivingfrombegging.Givingtobeggarsonlyencouragesthissortofevil.Secondly,thereistheworrythatthemoneyyougivewillbespentonbeer,wineordrugs.Thirdly,thereistheopinionthatthereisnorealexcuseforbegging.Onemightbepoor,butthatisnoreasonforlosingone'ssenseofpridean-dsspendence.Relatedtothisistheopinionthattheproblemshouldbedealtwithbythegovernmentratherthanordinarypeople.Somepeoplethinkbeggarsshouldgotothelocalgovernmentdepartmentandreceivehelp.Itishardtocometoanyfinalconclusion;therearevariouscasesandwemustdealwiththemdifferently.Afewcoinscansavealifeinsomesituations,andevenifthemoneyiswasted,thatdoesnottakeawaythemoralgoodnessofthegiver.Keys:What'yourattitudewhenmeetingwithabeggar?Nowadays,manypeoplechoosenottogivemoneybecausebeggarspretendtobepoorandmaymisusethemoney.Actually,governmentshouldtakeresponsibilityforpoverty,notordinarypeople.Anyway,there'snothingwrongwpeoplegivingmoneytothosewhoreallyneedhelp.(51words)Thirteen【2018屆上海市楊浦區(qū)高三英語一模試題】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.UseyourownwordsasfaraspossibleIt'sacommonsighttoseefooddeliveryworkersridingelectricbikesthroughbigcitiesinChina.Mostofthemseemtobeinahurry,astheyrunredlightstodelivertheirmealsintime.However,suchreckless(魯莽的)behavioroftencausesseriousproblems.Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,fooddeliverydrivershad76trafficaccidentsinShanghaialone,accordingtotheShanghaiPublicSecurityBureau.Thismeansthatonaverage,thereisafooddeliveryworkerthatgetshurtorevendiesontheroadinShanghaievery2.5days.Othercitiesalsosharesimilarproblems.InNanjing,threepeoplediedand2,473wereinjuredinroadaccidentsrelatedtofooddeliveryworkersinthesameperiod,accordingtotheMinistryofPublicSecurity.Theriseofrecklessbehavioramongfooddeliveryworkersiscloselyrelatedtothegrowingdemandfortheirservice,reportedPeople'sDaily.About150millionpeopleinChinausefooddeliveryservices,accordingtoChinaRadioInternational(CRI).Suchabigmarkethasledtoalargedemandforfooddeliveryworkers,withsomecompaniesofferinghighsalariestoattractnewworkers.However,fooddeliveryworkersareoftenunderhighpressurefromtheiremployers.Theyfacecompanyfinesof20yuanfordeliveringfoodlateandupwardsof200yuanforreceivingcomplaints,reportedCRI.Moreover,themoreorderstheytake,themorecommission(傭金)theycanearn,leadingtosomeworkerscheckingtheirmobilephonesforneworderswhilethey'reridingtheirbikes.Whilemostcompanieshavemeasuresrequiringdeliveryworkerstofollowtrafficrules,“thereremainsaproblemofwhethertheserequirementsandrulesfordeliveryworkersaretrulyenteringtheirears,brainsandhearts,WangLiang,deputyheadoftheTrafficPoliceSecurityBureau,toldnewswebsiteThePaper.Tosolvetheproblem,somecitieshavetakenaction.Shanghaihasaskedcompaniestotraintheirworkersontrafficrulesandsafety.NowinShenzhen,ifadeliveryworkergetscaughtbreakingtrafficrulesmorethantwice,heorshewillbebannedfromdrivingfooddeliveryvehiclesforawholeyear.Keys:Fooddeliveryworkershaveahigherriskofgettinginvolvedintrafficaccidents.Thelargedemandfortheirservice,thehighpressurefromemployersandtheirstrongdesiretoearnmorecommissionleadtotheirrecklessbehavior.Insomecities,measureslikestricterroadsafetyeducationandmoreseverepunishmenthavebeentakentosolvethisprobl