十八屆三中全會(英文版)

liangzhiMechanicsandCivilEngineeringInstituteSomemianpointaoutTheDecisiononMajorIssuesConcerningComprehensivelyDeepeningReforms

keywords:CPC(CommunistPartyofChina)--中國共產(chǎn)黨reform--改革mechanism--機制policy--政策system--制度lastmonth,theCPChadholdtheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteeatBeijing.AndtheDecisiononMajorIssuesConcerningComprehensivelyDeepeningReformshadbeenadopted.中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八屆中央委員會第三次全體會議，于2013年11月9日至12日在北京舉行。會議通過了《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》ThefollowingissomepointswhatIthinkisimportant.1.Thereformoftheeconomicsystemisthefocusofalltheeffortstodeepentheall-roundreform.Thesuccessfulexperienceofthepastreformandopening-upmustbebuiltupon經(jīng)濟體制改革是全面深化改革的重點,改革開放的成功實踐為全面深化改革提供了重要經(jīng)驗，必須長期堅持2.Continuereformsoftheexaminationandenrollmentsystembyevaluatingstudentsnotonlybytheirfinalexamscoresbutalsotheirperformanceinschool.Studentsshouldgetmorethanonechancetotakeanexamthatdecidestheirenrollment.Provincial-leveleducationalauthoritiesandschoolsshouldenjoygreaterautonomy.推進考試招生制度改革，學(xué)生考試多次選擇，從根本上解決一考定終身的弊端。擴大省級政府教育統(tǒng)籌權(quán)和學(xué)校辦學(xué)自主權(quán)。3.Makemarketrulesthatarefair,openandtransparent.Reformthemarketregulationsystem,erasingregionalprotection,illegitimatefavorablepoliciesandmonopoly.Perfectthemarketexitmechanismtopromotethesurvivalofthefittest.

建立公平開放透明的市場規(guī)則。改革市場監(jiān)管體系，嚴禁和懲處各類違法實行優(yōu)惠政策行為，反對地方保護，反對壟斷。健全優(yōu)勝劣汰市場化退出機制。4.Perfectamechanismwherepricesaredeterminedbythemarket.Anypricethatcanbeaffectedbythemarketmustbelefttothemarket.Pushaheadwithpricereformsofwater,oilandnaturalgas,electricity,transportationandtelecommunication.Areasinwhichthegovernmentsetspriceswillbeconfinedtopublicutilities,publicserviceandareasthatarenaturallymonopolized.完善主要由市場決定價格的機制。凡是能由市場形成價格的都交給市場。推進水、石油、天然氣、電力、交通、電信等領(lǐng)域價格改革。政府定價范圍主要限定在重要公用事業(yè)、公益性服務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)型自然壟斷環(huán)節(jié)5.Formaconstruction-landmarketthatunifiesurbanandruralareas.Allowthesale,leasinganddemutualizationofrural,collectivelyownedbuildablelandunderthepremisethatitconformstoplanning.EnlargetheareainwhichState-ownedlandcanbeleased.Reducelandallocationthatdoesnotpromotepublicwelfare建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的建設(shè)用地市場。在符合規(guī)劃和用途管制前提下，允許農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設(shè)用地出讓、租賃、入股。擴大國有土地有償使用范圍。減少非公益性用地劃撥6.Activelyandsteadilycarryoutreformthatmergesministriesthathaveoverlappingfunctions.Encouragesomeprovincestoexploreprovincialgovernment'sdirectadministrationofcitiesorcounties.Strictlycontrolthenumberandexpenseofgovernmentemployees.積極穩(wěn)妥實施大部門制。有條件的地方探索推進省直接管理縣（市）體制改革。嚴格控制財政供養(yǎng)人員總量。7.Thecountrywillrelaxoverallcontroloffarmerssettlingintownsandsmallcities,andrelaxrestrictionsonsettlinginmedium-sizedcitiesinanorderlymanner.Chinashouldsetreasonablerequirementsforruralresidentstoobtainhukouinlargecities,andstrictlycontrolthesizeofpopulationinmegacities.全面放開建制鎮(zhèn)和小城市落戶限制，有序放開中等城市落戶限制。合理確定大城市落戶條件，嚴格控制特大城市人口規(guī)模。8.Transfertheroleofthegovernmentfrombeingtheproviderofculturalproductstothemanager.ImprovethemechanismfordealingwithemergenciesontheInternet.Institutionalizethegovernmentinformationreleasesystemandstandardizethevocationalqualificationsofjournalists.推動政府部門由辦文化向管文化轉(zhuǎn)變，健全網(wǎng)絡(luò)突發(fā)事件處置機制。推動新聞發(fā)布制度化，嚴格新聞工作者職業(yè)資格制度。9.Allowcouplestohavetwochildrenifoneparentisasinglechildandimprovethefamilyplanningpolicy.Encourageprivateinvestmentinthemedicalsectorandprioritizesupportingnonprofithospitalsrunbyprivateinvestors.Allowdoctorstohavealicensetoworkinmorethanonehospital.Allowmedicalinsurancetocoverprivatehospitals.啟動實施一方是獨生子女的夫婦可生育兩個孩子的政策，逐步調(diào)整完善生育政策。鼓勵社會辦醫(yī)，優(yōu)先支持舉辦非營利性醫(yī)療機構(gòu)。允許醫(yī)師多點執(zhí)業(yè)，允許民辦醫(yī)療機構(gòu)納入醫(yī)保定點范圍。10.Thecountrywillbuildastrictsupervisorysystemcoveringfoodanddrugsafety.Atracing-backsystemwillbecreated