函授英語(yǔ)3-教案

PAGEPAGE124教案課程名稱函授英語(yǔ)3授課教師袁建偉職稱副教授院（系、部）大學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)部教研室第三教研室授課對(duì)象函授學(xué)員學(xué)年學(xué)期2011年魯東大學(xué)教務(wù)處編寫說(shuō)明1、每項(xiàng)內(nèi)容都要填寫，“教學(xué)過(guò)程”部分要詳細(xì)填寫，空格不夠用時(shí)可自行擴(kuò)充；2、A4紙雙面打印（或手寫）；3、一次課為一個(gè)教案，每門課按學(xué)期統(tǒng)一用一個(gè)封面左側(cè)裝訂，封面和本說(shuō)明雙面打?。?、授課類型指：理論課、討論課、實(shí)驗(yàn)或?qū)嵙?xí)課、習(xí)題課等；5、所授課程教案每輪次必須更新。《英語(yǔ)3》（本科第一冊(cè)）教學(xué)大綱課程名稱：英語(yǔ)英文名稱：English課程代碼：課程類別：專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課相關(guān)課程：開課院系：大學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)部授課教師：袁建偉每學(xué)期學(xué)時(shí)：72學(xué)時(shí)一、教學(xué)目的與要求：1、課程簡(jiǎn)介成人高等教育英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)充分考慮到成人教育的特點(diǎn)，以成人高教英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱為指導(dǎo)，以全面教授語(yǔ)言（語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法、詞匯）知識(shí)為先導(dǎo)，以培養(yǎng)閱讀能力為主線，全面打牢英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言基本功。2、課程性質(zhì)該課程是管理類專業(yè)本科生的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課、必修課，在人才培養(yǎng)方案中占有非常重要的地位。學(xué)生進(jìn)行完規(guī)定的課時(shí)后應(yīng)能掌握必要的、最為常用的語(yǔ)音、詞匯和語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，以及實(shí)用的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和技能，具備閱讀和翻譯與本專業(yè)有關(guān)的英文資料的初步能力，并為進(jìn)一步提高英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力打下較扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。3、教學(xué)目的與要求通過(guò)教學(xué)使學(xué)生掌握本學(xué)科的基本知識(shí)，即以教授英語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)法，詞匯，慣用法為基礎(chǔ)，以提高學(xué)生的聽，說(shuō)，讀，寫，譯，能力為目的，并通過(guò)一定的閱讀，擴(kuò)大學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化，社會(huì)，歷史，經(jīng)濟(jì)等的了解。4、本課程內(nèi)容提要

本教材第一冊(cè)分為8個(gè)教學(xué)單元和兩個(gè)復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試單元，每一單元又分為精讀，泛讀，快速閱讀及對(duì)話。其中，精讀是教學(xué)重點(diǎn)，集中體現(xiàn)該單元的各項(xiàng)要求，包括翻譯和寫作能力的養(yǎng)成。泛讀和快速閱讀旨在通過(guò)大量閱讀語(yǔ)言材料，提高學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力。對(duì)話則意在通過(guò)日常生活情景中常用的口頭交際形式的鍛煉，培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)和聽力技能。二、開課專業(yè)及教學(xué)用書1、開課專業(yè)工商管理專業(yè)2、教學(xué)用書山東省成人高等教育規(guī)劃教材《英語(yǔ)》（第二版）主編：李學(xué)珍山東大學(xué)出版社2005年一月版。3、相關(guān)參考書《英語(yǔ)》自學(xué)參考，李學(xué)珍，山東大學(xué)出版社，2005年8月第一版三、各章節(jié)大體授課學(xué)時(shí)分配《英語(yǔ)3》教學(xué)時(shí)間安排表章次內(nèi)容學(xué)時(shí)分配課堂講授第一單元HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner8第二單元Families8第三單元FallaciesaboutFood8第四單元PreservingtheEnvironment8第五單元KeeperoftheSpring8第六單元BanksandBanking8第七單元TheFirstFourMinutes8第八單元MarriageInIranandAmerica8復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試一4復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試二4合計(jì)72UnitTitleUnit1HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearnerTeachingTypeTheoreticalteaching/discussion/ExercisesFirstTeachingTimePeriods8TeachingObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:Graspthemainidea(therightwayofbeingasuccessfullanguagelearner)andstructureofthetext(problem-solutionpattern);Appreciatethewritingskillsdemonstratedinthetext(selectionofdetails,quotations,coherence);Masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;Conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.KeyandDifficultPoints1.keywords,phrases&usages;2.writingstrategy-thenarrativeskills(selectionofdetails,quotations,coherence)；3.grammarfocus(subjunctivemood;grammaticalstructurefind+sb./sth+adj+todo;has/havebeen+doing)TeachingMeansandMethods1.UsingMulti-mediateachingequipment;2.Questionsandanswers;3.Pairwork;TeachingProcess(includingTeachingApproaches,ProcessDesign,FocusPoints,DetailsandTimeAllotmentetc.)TeachingProcess(includingTeachingApproaches,ProcessDesign,FocusPoints,DetailsandTimeAllotmentetc.)TeachingApproaches:Mainlyapplyingtask-basedapproachandcommunicativeoneTimeallotment:1-2periodPre-reading;While-reading(textstructure&organization;culturalnotes)3-4periodWhile-reading(Textanalysis;languagepoints;grammaticalstructures)5-6periodWhile-reading(languagepoints;grammaticalstructures)7-8periodPost-reading(Theme-relatedLanguageLearningTasks;writingstrategy).SupplementaryExercisesProcessDesign:Pre-readingtasks;While-readingtasks;Post-readingtasksUnit1HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner本單元精讀部分主要通過(guò)單詞的學(xué)習(xí)和課文的閱讀，使學(xué)生了解英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的方法，并掌握其中出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)詞匯，如：agree,depend,consider,bewillingto,連接詞如conversely,firstofall,therefore,ontheotherhand等，了解這些連接詞匯對(duì)連接句子和在段落中的作用，以及一些相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，如時(shí)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式,定語(yǔ)從句。泛讀部分ReadingProvidesNecessarySurvivalSkills則主要通過(guò)閱讀本文了解閱讀的技巧?？焖匍喿x部分HowShouldYouBuildupYourVocabulary?重在鍛煉閱讀的速度。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們課后閱讀這2篇文章并做課后練習(xí)題。重點(diǎn)：精度部分單詞及短語(yǔ)的掌握，課文的熟練閱讀及理解，課后題能夠自主完成。難點(diǎn)：理解并記憶語(yǔ)法部分。教學(xué)方法：在線學(xué)習(xí)與教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)相結(jié)合。認(rèn)真記憶，勤于練習(xí)。PartIPre-readingTaskVideoAppreciationThewayoftheDragon—BruceLeeDiscussion1)Howdoyoustarttolearnaforeignlanguage?2)Areyousuccessfulinlearningaforeignlanguage?3)Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?4)Doyouthinkitiseasyordifficultforanadulttolearnasecondoraforeignlanguage?Whyorwhynot?5)Howdosuccessfullanguagelearnerslearnthelanguage?PartIIWhile-readingTasks1.CulturalNotesToStarttheBallRolling（nowtheballisinyourcourt;tostarttheballrolling）美國(guó)人非常喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。凡是在各種運(yùn)動(dòng)中出類拔萃的人都成了人們心目中的大明星。這些明星的收入每年可以高達(dá)幾百萬(wàn)。他們有的從事慈善活動(dòng)，有的則關(guān)心年輕人的教育，在各方面做出不少貢獻(xiàn)，很受人尊重和敬仰。但是，也有的人不但生活腐敗，而且還有吸毒等犯法行為。嚴(yán)重的甚至被判刑入獄。在所有體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中，美國(guó)人特別喜愛球類運(yùn)動(dòng)。我們已經(jīng)給大家介紹過(guò)好幾個(gè)和球，也就是ball這個(gè)字有關(guān)的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，例如：ontheball，就是很機(jī)靈，工作做得很好的意思。今天我們?cè)賮?lái)給大家講解兩個(gè)和ball這個(gè)字有關(guān)的俗語(yǔ)。第一個(gè)我們要給大家介紹的是：nowtheball'sinyourcourt。Nowtheballisinyourcourt從字面上來(lái)解釋，它的意思是：現(xiàn)在球在你那邊的場(chǎng)地上了。實(shí)際上，這是打網(wǎng)球時(shí)用的一句話，也就是你已經(jīng)采取了行動(dòng)，把球打過(guò)了網(wǎng)，到了對(duì)方的場(chǎng)地，現(xiàn)在是對(duì)方采取行動(dòng)的時(shí)候了。但是，從俗語(yǔ)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，它的意思并不在于打球。美國(guó)的生意人和律師經(jīng)常用這個(gè)俗語(yǔ)來(lái)告訴對(duì)方，他們已經(jīng)提出建議和要求，現(xiàn)在是對(duì)方采取行動(dòng)的時(shí)候了。下面我們來(lái)舉個(gè)例子。這是一個(gè)名字叫亨里·希金斯的律師為了布朗先生的離婚案件在和布朗太太的律師打電話：例句-1:"ThisisHenryHigginscallingabouttheBrowndivorcecase.I'msendingyouMr.Brown'soffertopayyourclientathousanddollarsamonthforchildsupport.Nowtheball'sinyourcourt:letmeknowwhetherMrs.Brownagreestothisamount."他說(shuō)：“我是亨里·希金斯。我是為了布朗的離婚案件給你打電話的。布朗愿意每個(gè)月付一千美元的子女扶養(yǎng)費(fèi)。正式的文本我已經(jīng)寄給你了?，F(xiàn)在是你們做決定的時(shí)候了。布朗太太是不是同意，請(qǐng)你在做出決定后告訴我?！泵绹?guó)有兩個(gè)主要的政黨：共和黨和民主黨。每一個(gè)法案，不管是總統(tǒng)提出的，或是由國(guó)會(huì)議員提出的，都要通過(guò)兩黨議員投票來(lái)決定是否能成為正式的法律。因此，在投票前兩黨進(jìn)行協(xié)商，互相做出妥協(xié)和讓步是經(jīng)常的事。下面我們要舉的例子就是一個(gè)國(guó)會(huì)議員為了農(nóng)業(yè)部的預(yù)算在和對(duì)立黨的一個(gè)成員進(jìn)行談判。這位議員說(shuō)：例句-2:"Here'sarevisedbudgetourpeoplearereadytovotefor.It'saboutthebestIcando.Nowtheball'sinyourcourt,myfriend:seewhetheryourpeoplecanagreetoit."他說(shuō)：“這是一個(gè)修改過(guò)的預(yù)算，我們準(zhǔn)備投票表示同意。我可已經(jīng)盡了最大努力了。老兄，你們黨內(nèi)成員是否同意現(xiàn)在要看你的了?！毕旅嫖覀?cè)俳o大家介紹一個(gè)和ball這個(gè)字有關(guān)的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：tostarttheballrolling。Tostart就是開始，rolling是滾動(dòng)的意思。Tostarttheballrolling要是從字面來(lái)翻譯就是：開始滾這個(gè)球。作為習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，它的意思就是：開始一個(gè)活動(dòng)。我們經(jīng)常說(shuō)，萬(wàn)事開頭難。比如說(shuō)，每當(dāng)逢年過(guò)節(jié)的時(shí)候，或者有什么事值得慶祝的時(shí)候，我們往往會(huì)組織一個(gè)晚會(huì)，或者請(qǐng)幾個(gè)朋友到家來(lái)吃晚飯。在這種場(chǎng)合，一般在開始的時(shí)候氣氛不會(huì)很輕松，總得要某個(gè)人帶個(gè)頭談一些有趣的事，或者說(shuō)個(gè)笑話才能使空氣融洽。下面就是一個(gè)例子：例句-3:"Itlookedlikeadullpartywitheverybodyjustsittingthere.ButDickstartedtheballrollingbytellingacoupleoffunnyjokes,andthenJackbroughtouthisguitarandsangsomefolksongs.Peoplestartedsingingalongandwehadagoodtimeafterall."這個(gè)人說(shuō)：“聚會(huì)一開始，大家都坐在那里，看起來(lái)很沉悶。后來(lái)，迪克講了兩個(gè)挺滑稽的笑話，總算開了個(gè)頭。然后，杰克把他的吉他拿了出來(lái)，還唱了幾首民歌。大家也都跟著一起唱。我們玩得很高興?！碑?dāng)然，tostarttheballrolling這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)也可以用在嚴(yán)肅的場(chǎng)合。下面就是一個(gè)例子。這是一個(gè)公司的總經(jīng)理把手下各部門的主管都召集來(lái)開會(huì)。他說(shuō):例句-4:"Okay,I'vecalledthismeetingtoseewhatideaswehaveforthenewadcampaign.I'llstarttheballrollingbytellingyouafewideasIalreadyhave."這句話的意思是：“行，我召開這次會(huì)議是看看我們對(duì)于最近大力做廣告的活動(dòng)有些什么新的主意。我先來(lái)開個(gè)頭，把我已經(jīng)想到的幾個(gè)想法給大家談一談?！边@句話里用了ad這個(gè)字。其實(shí)，這個(gè)字是個(gè)縮略字，它的原形是：advertisement。Advertisement就是廣告的意思。今天我們給大家介紹了兩個(gè)和球這個(gè)字，也就是ball這個(gè)字有關(guān)的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。第一個(gè)是：nowtheballisinyourcourt。Nowtheballisinyourcourt作為俗語(yǔ)的意思是：現(xiàn)在該是你采取行動(dòng)的時(shí)候了。我們講的第二個(gè)俗語(yǔ)是：tostarttheballrolling。Tostarttheballrolling是開始一個(gè)行動(dòng)。2.StructureScanningScanTextandfindoutallthecohesion/connectingwordsorphrases.Even,and,conversely,but,firstofall,therefore,finally,ontheotherhandOrganizationPartsParagraphsMainIdeas11-4Learningasecondoraforeignlanguageisdifficultforadults.25-8Successfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.39Whatmakesyouasuccessfullanguagelearner.3.Text（1）HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner?“Learningalanguageiseasy.Evenachildcandoit!”Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondoraforeignlanguagewoulddisagreewiththisstatement.Forthem,learningalanguageisaverydifficulttask.Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice,andeventhiswillnotguaranteesuccessforeveryadultlanguagelearner.Languagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfinditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.Conversely,somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearnersfinditdifficulttosucceedinotherfields.Languageteachersoftenofferadvicetolanguagelearners:“Readasmuchasyoucaninthenewlanguage.”“Practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.”“Livewithpeoplewhospeakthelanguage.”“Don’ttranslatetrytothinkinthenewlanguage.”“Learnasachildwouldlearn;playwiththelanguage.”Butwhatdoesasuccessfullanguagelearnerdo?Languagelearningresearchshowsthatsuccessfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrong,theyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfromtheirmistakes.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore,successfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationsaredifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.Finally,successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.Ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.4.LanguagePoints（1）wordsandexpressions重點(diǎn)詞:disagree;guarantee;intelligent;depend;consideragreevi/vt.~vi同意，贊成，達(dá)成一致Iaskedhimtocomewithmeandheagreed.我請(qǐng)他和我一道來(lái)，他同意了。~vt同意做……;同意（某觀點(diǎn)、意見等）Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpyou.他同意找人來(lái)幫你（們）的忙。successfuladj.ofachievingdesiredresults成功的adultn./adj.(apersonoranimalthatis)growntofullsizeandstrength成年人（的），發(fā)育成熟（的）guaranteevt.undertaketobelegallyresponsiblefor(sth./doingsth.)保證，擔(dān)保，保修intelligentadj.bright,clever,wise聰明的，明智的similaradj.likeoralike相似的，類似的；與…相似的（to）independentadj.notneedingotherthingsorpeople獨(dú)立的，自主的communicatevi.toshareorexchangeopinions,news,information,etc通信，交流，交際vt.tomake(news,opinions,feelings,etc)known傳達(dá)，傳播communicationn.theexchangeofinformation,newideas,oropinion;thevariouswaysoftravelling,movinggoodsandpeople,andsendinginformation,betweentwoplacesorinanarea通信，交流；傳達(dá)；[pl.]通信聯(lián)系，交通工具purposen.anintentionorplan;use目的，意圖；用途regularlyadv.happeningoftenwiththesamelengthoftimebetweentheoccasions經(jīng)常地，定期地dependvi.becontrolledordeterminedby；relyon；needorrequireforfinancialorothersupport依賴；依靠；在于(to)dependon(prep.)依靠，依賴；依…而定Youcanneverdependonhisarrivingontime.你永遠(yuǎn)都不要指望他準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。(to)bewillingto(do)愿意，樂(lè)意Areyouwillingtoacceptresponsibility?你樂(lè)意承擔(dān)責(zé)任嗎？(to)beinterestedin(prep)對(duì)…感興趣I’dbeveryinterestedinknowingmoreabouttheservicesyourfirmoffers.我很有興趣更多地了解貴公司提供的服務(wù)項(xiàng)目。ontheotherhand另一方面OntheonehandI’dlikeajobwhichpaysmore,butontheotherhandIenjoytheworkI’mdoingatthemoment.一方面我想找一份薪水更高的工作，另一方面我有喜歡現(xiàn)在的工作。16．considerv1)考慮Healwaysconsideredcarefullybeforeheacted.他總是三思而后行。2）認(rèn)為，把……看作Heisgreatlyconsideredbyhiscolleagues.他深受同事們的尊重。重點(diǎn)詞組：1.agreeabout/(up)on(prep.);2.agreewith(prep.);3.depend(up)on(prep.);4.consider…as1.agreeabout/(up)on(prep.)1)(在……方面)觀點(diǎn)/意見一致、相同Iagreewithyouaboutthis.對(duì)于這件事，我跟你意見一致。2）定下（某事或做某事）They’veagreedonEuropefortheirholidaynextyear.他們已決定明年到歐洲去度假。agreeto(prep)接受；批準(zhǔn)Doyouagreetomyplan?你接受我的計(jì)劃嗎？Thecommitteehasagreedtoyourrequest.該委員會(huì)已批準(zhǔn)你的請(qǐng)求。2.agreewith(prep.)(和……)觀點(diǎn)、意見一致；接受、同意（觀點(diǎn)意見等）Iagreewithyourmother;it’sfoolishtogoswimmingatthistimeoftheyear.我同意你母親的看法，這個(gè)時(shí)候去游泳確實(shí)可笑。3.depend(up)on(prep.)1）依靠，依賴Thetowndependsalmostsolelyonthetouristtrade.這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)幾乎全靠旅游業(yè)來(lái)維持。2）信賴，指望Theyknowthatheisamantobedependedon.他們知道他是個(gè)靠得住的人。3）取決于……;決定于……Tomorrow’ssuccessdependsontoday’spreparation.明天能否成功取決于今天準(zhǔn)備得是否充分。4.consider…as(prep.)認(rèn)為Iconsideredhimasafool.我認(rèn)為他是個(gè)傻瓜。（2）NotesMostadultswhoarelearningasecondoraforeignlanguagewoulddisagreewiththisstatement.大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言或外語(yǔ)的成年人都不會(huì)同意這一說(shuō)法。1)請(qǐng)看下面的文字，了解一下secondlanguage和foreignlanguage這兩個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。Adistinctionisoftenmadebetweensecondandforeignlanguage.Briefly,asecondlanguagehassocialfunctionswithinthecommunitywhereitislearnt(e.g.asalinguafrancaorasthelanguageofanothersocialgroup),whereasaforeignlanguageislearntprimarilyforcontactoutsideone’sowncommunity.Consequently,thereisthedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearning.Thetermsecondlanguagelearningindicatesthatthelanguagehascommunicativefunctionsinsidethecommunitywherethelearnerlives.Bycontrast,foreignlanguagelearningmeansthatthelanguagehasnoestablishedfunctionsinsidethelearner’scommunitybutwillbeusedmainlyforcommunicatingwithoutsiders.2)本句中,would為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“可能”，“（將）會(huì)”。Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotsayaword!不管發(fā)生什么，他都不會(huì)說(shuō)一個(gè)字！Hewouldneverenterthishatefulhouseagain.他決不會(huì)再進(jìn)這所令人討厭的房子。Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice,andeventhiswillnotguaranteesuccess….1)在英語(yǔ)里，ten(十)，twenty(二十)，hundred(百),thousand(千)，million(百萬(wàn)),billion(十億)這樣一些數(shù)詞，通常有兩種用法：(a)若其前面有其他數(shù)詞，用其單數(shù)形式，表示一個(gè)確定的量，其后不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。Thereareover10thousandstudentsinthisuniversity.這所大學(xué)有一萬(wàn)多學(xué)生。Themachinecostsseveralthousanddollars.買這部機(jī)器要花好幾千美元。(b)在其他情況下，即其前沒(méi)有其他數(shù)詞時(shí)，則用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后加of結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一個(gè)不確定的數(shù)量。I’veseenthathundredsoftimes.那個(gè)東西我見過(guò)上千次了。Thegovernmentofthatcountryspentmillionsofdollarsonweapons.那個(gè)國(guó)家的政府花了上千萬(wàn)美元購(gòu)買武器。這類詞有時(shí)可以連用，表示數(shù)量之大。Youcanseethousandsandthousandsofstarsinthenightsky.夜空中可以看到成千上萬(wàn)顆星星。2）在一句話中，even和動(dòng)詞用在一起表示某行為令人驚奇或吃驚，也可用于其他成分表示特別強(qiáng)調(diào)。Sheeventoldtheownertogooutofthehouse.她竟然要房主離開房子。Ihaven’tevenheardofhimforayear.我竟然有一年沒(méi)有他的消息了。Anybodycandothis.Evenachildcoulddoit.這誰(shuí)都做得了，即使是小孩也行。EvenIhaven’theardofhimforayear.即使是我也有一年沒(méi)有他的消息了。You’vegottoworkeveryday,evenonSunday.你每天都得上班，即使是星期天也不例外。Somepeople…finditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.本句中的it是先行賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)tosucceedinlanguagelearning。本句句型是SVOC。此類句型，若賓語(yǔ)（O）是不定式短語(yǔ)、-ing分詞短語(yǔ)或that-分句，通常用先行it表示，放在動(dòng)詞（V）之后，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（C）之后。這樣做的目的在于保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡。Wefinditourdutytostudyandworkhardforourcountry.我們認(rèn)為，為了國(guó)家努力學(xué)習(xí)和工作是我們的職責(zé)。Wefoundituselesstryingtopersuadehimtogowithus.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，要說(shuō)服他和我們一起去毫無(wú)用處。Wethinkithighlyprobablethathewillcometomorrow.我們認(rèn)為，他明天非?？赡軙?huì)來(lái)。除形容詞以外，可以充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的成分還有不定式、分詞和名詞。ThedoctoradvisedMarytohavemoreexercise.醫(yī)生建議瑪麗多鍛煉。Isawhergoingoutwithherparents.我看見她和她父母一起出去了。Theymadehimcaptainoftheship.他們讓他當(dāng)上了船長(zhǎng)。Languageteachersoftenofferadvicetolanguagelearners….本句中的advice屬于不可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)形式相同，無(wú)須加s；這和漢語(yǔ)中數(shù)的概念有相通之處，即此類名詞若要表示“數(shù)”的概念，要像漢語(yǔ)一樣使用一個(gè)量詞，如apieceofnews,apieceofinformation,apieceoffurniture,apieceof/sheetofpaper等。Practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.每天練習(xí)講這種語(yǔ)言。Practice在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中既可以做動(dòng)詞，也可以做名詞；而在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，practice是名詞，動(dòng)詞則是practise.Practice做及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)可以用名詞或代詞，也可以用動(dòng)名詞，但不可用動(dòng)詞不定式。此類動(dòng)詞還有一些，如enjoy,finish,cannothelp,risk,suggest等。I’msurethey’llenjoylisteningtomodernmusic.我肯定你會(huì)喜歡聽現(xiàn)代音樂(lè)。Ifinishedreadingit.我已經(jīng)讀完了（它了）。Hecouldn’thelplaughing.他禁不住大笑起來(lái)。Icouldn’triskmissingthattrain.我不能冒誤火車的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Fathersuggestedgoingbybus.父親建議乘公共汽車去。Learnasachildwouldlearn….像少兒那樣學(xué)習(xí)。本句中的as是連詞，表示“以…方式”。DoinRomeastheRomansdo.入國(guó)問(wèn)禁，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Treatothersasyouwishthemtotreatyou.己所不欲，勿施于人。Would可用于表示過(guò)去慣常的或特征性的行為。Hewouldalwaysturnandwaveattheendofthestreet.他總是走到街的盡頭才轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)招招手。Whenwewereyoungwewouldhelpeachotherwithourhomework.我們小時(shí)候，總是在做功課時(shí)互相幫助。Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.本句中，firstofall是個(gè)短語(yǔ)，作語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記，表示分述，即把若干性質(zhì)相同的事情分別論述或敘述（下文有finally）。Wehavefoundthattherearebehaviorsthattheteachercanusetopromoteopportunitiesfor….First,….Second,….Third,….Severalpointsneedtobemadeaboutthedistinctionbetween….Firstofall,….Second(ly),….Third(ly),….Finally,….Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepatterns….1)Insteadof兩個(gè)詞合在一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合介詞，若其后使用動(dòng)詞，則必須用其-ing形式（動(dòng)名詞）。Istayedinbedalldayinsteadofgoingtowork.我在床上躺了一整天，沒(méi)去上班。Insteadofhavinglunchshewentshopping.她沒(méi)去吃午飯，而是去購(gòu)物了。2）英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wait即可用于waitforsomebody/something(等待某人\物),也可用于waitforsomeone/somethingtodo（等待某人/物做）。在后一結(jié)構(gòu)中，somebody是動(dòng)詞不定式todo的邏輯主語(yǔ)。I’mwaitingforhimtocome.我在等他來(lái)。I’msorryforthedelay,butI’mstillwaitingforthelettertoarrive.對(duì)不起，耽誤了，不過(guò)我仍然在等那封信。3）trytodosth.的意思是“努力去做…”、“試圖做成一件困難的事情”。PleasetrytounderstandwhatprofessorSmithwilltalkaboutinhislecture.請(qǐng)（大家）努力弄懂史密斯教授在講座講到的問(wèn)題。ThegirloncetriedtolearnFrench.這女孩曾嘗試學(xué)會(huì)法語(yǔ)。Therefore,successfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.本句中，“therefore”是副詞，意思是“因此，所以”，用作語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記。Hehasbrokenhisleg;thereforehecan’twalk.他摔壞了腿，因此不能走路了。英語(yǔ)中的分號(hào)表示兩個(gè)并列句子成分，不能用逗號(hào)來(lái)代替，如果用逗號(hào)，則需要加and,or,so等連接詞。試比較：TomlearnsJapanese;IlearnEnglish.TomlearnsJapaneseandIlearnEnglish.本句中，waitforachancetousethelanguage和Note8中的waitingfortheteachertoexplain不同。本短語(yǔ)不是在說(shuō)等待的目的，而是表示等待什么（achance），因此achance和tousethelanguage之間不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系（動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)是achance的后置定語(yǔ)）。Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings…他們不怕重復(fù)所聽到的東西或者說(shuō)出奇怪的話來(lái)…。在英語(yǔ)里，很多形容詞之后都可以使用to-infinitive（帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式）。I’mpleasedtoseeyou.很高興見到你。Hewassurprisedtolearnhowmuchshe’dspent.了解到她花的錢數(shù)，他非常吃驚。本結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式，常被看作是形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)torepeatwhattheyhear和tosaystrangethings作afraid的賓語(yǔ)。在前一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)中，whattheyhear是名詞性從句，充當(dāng)repeat之賓語(yǔ)。此外，名詞性從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其詞序不倒裝，除what在句首外，其他一如陳述句。Theytoldeachotherwhattheyhaddonethedaybefore.他們互相告知對(duì)方自己前一天都做了什么。Hedidn’tknowwhathisunclewasdoingthistimeaweekago.他不知道他叔叔一個(gè)星期前的這個(gè)時(shí)候在做什么。Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguage…It在句中作形式主語(yǔ)，亦稱先行主語(yǔ)，其真正（實(shí)際）的主語(yǔ)是帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)forthemtolearntothinkinthelanguage。（參看Note3）把真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾，是因?yàn)樗L(zhǎng)，置于句首則使句子顯得頭重腳輕。類似的例子還有：Itisapleasureforustobeherethisevening.今晚我們很高興能來(lái)這里。It’sapityforyoutohavetostayindoorsinthisweather.真可惜，這樣的天氣他們卻不得不待在家里。Ittooksixweeksforthetravelerstoreachthecoast.這些旅行者要六個(gè)星期才能到達(dá)沿海?！瓂ouhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.Havebeen+-ing是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式，表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在的行為。Wehavebeenlivingherefortenyears.十年來(lái)我們一直在此居住。Theyhavebeenwideningtheroad.他們一直在拓寬這條道路。I’vejustbeenwavinggood-byetothem.我只是在和他揮手告別?！璱fyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotry….If從句為條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如果…就”或“假設(shè)…就”之意。Ifyoutooksomeexercises,youmightnotbesofat.你如果鍛煉鍛煉，也許就不會(huì)這么胖了。Ifyoudon’tfeelwell,pleaseletmeknow.你如果覺得不舒服，請(qǐng)告訴我。Lessthan可看成一個(gè)詞組，修飾successful，譯為“不太”或“不怎么”。Wewerebusyandlessthandelightedtohavecompanythatday.那天我們很忙，因此不大喜歡有其他人在場(chǎng)。Theboyswerelessthanhappyabouthavingaparty.男孩子們不怎么喜歡搞聚會(huì)。Might和may都常用于表示“可能”，即事物將要或正在發(fā)生的機(jī)會(huì)；但might與may相比，前者所表示的可能概率要小些。試比較：Wemaygoclimbingnextsummer.明年夏天我們有可能去爬山?！癐mightgetajobsoon.”–“Yes,andpigsmightfly.”“我也許能很快找到一份工作?！薄笆?，沒(méi)有什么事不可能?！盌owell意為“（如何做）是聰明的/有利的”。Youwoulddowelltogetoutofhere.你最好還是離開這里。Youwoulddowelltotakeyourdoctor’sadvice.你還是遵照醫(yī)囑為好。Youwoulddowelltotaketheoffer.你最好還是接受這個(gè)報(bào)價(jià)。Ididwelltolistentomyfather’sadvice.我還是聽從父親的勸告為妙。（3）RevisionLanguagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.Formostadults,itisaverydifficulttask.Butwhatdoesasuccessfullanguagelearnerdo?Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Second,successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Finally,successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Therefore,ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.PartIIIPostreadingTasks1.GroupdiscussionAfterthese3essaysyouhaveread,haveyouchangedyourselfmoreorlesstowardlanguagelearning?AndwhatkindofapproachesareyougoingtoapplytoyourEnglishstudy?2.KeystotheExercisesI.Choosethecorrectansweraccordingtothepassage.1.Asuccessfullanguagelearnermust_______.D.trytolearnthenewlanguageindependently,actively,andpurposefully2.WhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyNOTbeapieceofadviceofferedbyalanguageteacher?A.Neverguessthemeaningofaword.3.Theexpression“playwiththelanguage”inPara.4meansto_______.C.learnthelanguageinamorenaturalway4.AccordingtoPara.7,thinkinginthelanguageismoreimportantthanknowingthemeaningofeverywordofthelanguage,because__________.D.whenthinkinginthelanguage,youareusingthelanguageinanactiveway5.Theword“techniques”inthelastlineofthetextcannotbereplacedby_______.D.reasonsII.Answerthefollowingquestions.III.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsgivebelow.Makechangeswherenecessary.Wewalkeddownthestairs_______takingtheelevator.(insteadof)They____whatisgoingonintheartworld.(areinterestedin)Allhumanbeingsaremuchmore________thananimals.(intelligent)Markseemed________toconsidertheidea.((tobe)willing)Timeandtide______noman.(waitfor)Myhouseis__________fromyoursinseveralways.(different)She_______thesametuneonthepianofornearlyanhour.(hasbeenpracticing)Don’tyouknowthatIalways_________whateverItry?(succeedin)Health________goodfood,freshairandenoughsleep.(dependson)Wheatis_______tobarley.(similar)Hewas________totakeevenadrinkofwater.(afraid)Thenewspaperreport__________theaccountontheradio.(disagreewith)IV.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.1.有些人在自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域里非常睿智而成功，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)上很難有所成就。2.他們盡量自己找出句式和規(guī)則，而不是等著老師來(lái)解釋。3.他們不害怕重復(fù)聽到的或者說(shuō)出奇怪陌生的事情；他們?cè)敢獬鲥e(cuò)并不斷嘗試。4.對(duì)他們而言，學(xué)會(huì)用這種語(yǔ)言去思考比知道每一個(gè)詞的意思更重要。5.學(xué)會(huì)這種語(yǔ)言與這些人交流并向他們學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)是必要的。V.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.1.IoftendisagreewithMarybutwearestillgoodfriends.2.Languagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore,learnersshouldtakeadvantageofallchancestousethelanguage.3.Languagelearningshouldbeactive,independentandpurposeful.4.Languagelearningisdifferentfromlearningothercourses.5.Successfullanguagelearnersshouldbeinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.6.Studentsarewillingtoacceptteacher’sadvice.VI.WritingWriteasummaryofthereadingpassageinnolessthan100words.EXTENSIVEREADINGReadingProvidesNecessarySurvivalSkillsP17I.Trueorfalse?(答案：FTTFTFTTFT)1.Readingisgoingtobelessandlessimportantaswecanseepicturesandhearsoundseverywhereinoursociety.2.Ifyouwanttogetagoodjob,goodreadingwillprovideyouwithmoreopportunities.3.Toscanistolookquicklyatthemajorpointswithoutthoroughreading.Thistypeofreadinghelpsyougetthemainideasofthematerialquickly.4.Inreading,youshouldalwayskeepinmindthathastemakeswaste.5.Mostpeopledonotreadfastenough.6.Whilereadingfast,youareinahurryandmaythereforeloseconcentrationonsomeimportantpoints.Thiscancauseproblems.7.Infastreading,yourmindkeepsupwithyourreadingspeedandthuscomprehensionisnotinterrupted.8.Agoodhabitinreadingistopayattentionnotonlytotheprintedwordsbutalsotothecontentsexpressedbythewords.9.Whenyoudon’tknowaword,youcaneitherskipoveritorlookitupinadictionary.10.Eachtimeyoumeetanewword,stopreadingforamomentsothatyoucanhaveanimpressionofthewords.II．MultiplechoicequestionsGoodreadingisnowalifeskill_______.asimportantaseverbeforenotasimportantasusedtomoreimportantthanhaseverbeenlessimportantthaneverbeforeToscanreadingmaterials,youstartwith________.theheadingsthetitlestheheadlinesalltheaboveThetechniqueofscanninghelpsthereaderto______.obtainideasgainspeedgetaquickunderstandingbuildupvocabularyWhentheauthorsays“Theexpression“Hastemakeswaste.”doesnotapplytoreading,”hemeansthatfastreading_______.leadstoboredomensuresgoodconcentrationhurtsthemindmakescarefulreadersVocabularybuildingishelpfultoreading_______.alertlyandcomfortablycarefullyandproductivelyquicklyandeffectivelynaturallyandrewardinglyApersonwithgoodreadinghabits________.skipsovernewwordsandignoresthemstopsatnewwordsandlooksthemupinthedictionarypausesonnewwordsandasksothersnoneoftheaboveFASTREADINGHowShouldYouBuildupYourVocabulary？P20ExerciseTrueorfalse(答案：FTTTFFTTTF)Afastcolorisonethatdisappearsfast.Afastfriendisoneyoucanalwaystrust.Adictionaryonlyliststhemeaningsofaword.Itdoesnottellyouwhichmeaningisintendedinacertaincontext.Fromthecontextwecanknowhowawordisactuallyused.Contextisn’thelpfulinallcases.SherlockHolmesneverformedanytentativeideashefoundoutananswertoaquestion.Thephrase“tocomeupwith”inthistextmeans“tothinkof”,“toproduce”.Lookingatthecontextandlookingforfamiliarwordpartswillgetyoumoreinterestedinthedictionarymeaning.Yourstrongerthanusualinterestwillleadyoutobettermemoryofthenewwordsandtheirmeanings.Themeaningfulpartsofwordsincludeonlytherootsofwords.PartIVCommonlyUsedSayingsToStarttheBallRollingPartVAssignment1.Reviewthelanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext.2.Writeanessayin120wordsorsoaboutHowShouldWeSpendOurSpringFestivalMoreSignificantly?3.Preparethenextunit.UnitTitleUnit2FamiliesTeachingTypeTheoreticalteaching/discussion/ExercisesFirstTeachingTimePeriods8TeachingObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:Graspthemainidea(thebasictypesoffamilies)andstructureofthetext(generalization-particularpattern);Appreciatethewritingskillsdemonstratedinthetextasexpository;Masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;Conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.KeyandDifficultPoints1.keywords,phrases&usages;2.writingstrategy(logicalsequence,generalization-particularpattern)；3.grammarfocus(“it”asobject:whenaninfinitivetakesastheobjectofthesentence;plural-formednounsasadjectivesshouldbeintheirsingularforms)TeachingMeansandM