講義教案c6t1閱讀

Cambridge6TestREADINGPASSAGEYoushouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1ATheyyhard,theyyoften,andtheyytowin.Australiansportsteamswinmorethantheirfairshareoftitles,demolishingrivalswithseemingease.Howdotheydoit?Abigpartofthesecretisanextensiveandexpensivenetworkofsportingacademiesunderpinnedbyscienceandmedicine.AttheAustralianInstituteofSport(AIS),hundredsofyoungstersandprosliveandtrainundertheeyesofcoaches.Anotherbody,theAustralianSportsCommission(ASC),financesprogrammesofexcellenceinatotalof96sportsforthousandsofsportsmenandwomen.Bothprovideintensivecoaching,trainingfacilitiesandnutritionaladvice.Q—6BInsidetheacademies,sciencetakescentrestage.TheAISemploysmorethan100sportsscientistsanddoctors,andcollaborateswithscoresofothersinuniversitiesandresearchcentres.AISscientistsworkacrossanumberofsports,applyingskillslearnedinone—suchasbuildingmusclestrengthingolfers—toothers,suchasswimmingandsquash.Q—1Theyarebackedupbytechnicianswhodesigninstrumentstocollectdatafromathletes.Theyallfocusononeaim:winning.'Wecan'twasteourtimelookingatetherealscientificquestionsthatdon'thelpthecoachworkwithanathleteandimproveperformance,'saysPeterFricker,chiefofscienceatAIS.Q—3CAlotoftheirworkcomesdowntomeasurement—everythingfromtheexactangleofaswimmer'sdivetothesecond-by-secondpoweroutputofacyclist.Thisdataisusedtowringimprovementsoutofathletes.Thefocusisonindividuals,tweakingperformancestosqueezeanextrahundredthofasecondhere,anextramillimetrethere.Nogainistooslighttobotherwith.It'sthetiny,gradualimprovementsthatadduptoworld-beatingresults.Todemonstratehowthesystemworks,BruceMasonatAISshowsofftheprototypeofa3Dysistoolforstudyingswimmers.Awire-framemodelofachampionswimmerslicesthroughthewater,herarmsmovinginslowmotion.Lookingside-on,Masonmeasuresthedistancebetweenstrokes.Fromabove,heyseshowherspineswivels.Whenfullydeveloped,thissystemwillenablehimtobuildabiomechanicalprofileforcoachestousetohelpbuddingswimmers.Mason'scontributiontosportalsoincludesthedevelopmentoftheSWAN(Swimmingysis)systemnowusedinAustraliannationalcompetitions.Itcollectsimagesfromdigitalcamerasrunningat50framesasecondandbreaksdowneachpartofaswimmer'sperformanceintofactorsthatcanbeysedindividually-strokelength,strokefrequency,averagedurationofeachstroke,velocity,start,lapandfinishtimes,andsoon.Q—2，8Attheendofeachrace,SWANspitsoutdataoneachswimmer.D'Takealook,'saysMason,pullingoutasheetofdata.Hepointsoutthedataontheswimmersinsecondandthirdce,whichshowsthattheonewhofinishedthirdactuallyswamfaster,Sowhydidhefinish35hundredthsofaseconddown?'Histurntimeswere44hundredthsofasecondbehindtheotherguy,'saysMason.'Ifhecanimproveonhisturns,hecandomuchbetter.'ThisisthekindofaccuracythatAISscientists'researchisbringingtoarangeofsports.WiththeCooperativeResearchCentreforMicrotechnologyinMelbourne,theyaredevelounobtrusivesensorsthatwillbeembeddedinanathlete'sclothesorrunningshoestomonitorheartrate,sweating,heatproductionoranyotherfactorthatmighthaveanimpactonanathlete'sabilitytorun.Q—5,9There'smoretoitthansimplymeasuringperformance.Frickergivestheexampleofathleteswhomaybedownwithcoughsandcolds11or12timesayear.Afteryearsofexperimentation,AISandtheUniversityofNewcastleinNewSouthWalesdevelopedatestthatmeasureshowmuchoftheimmune-systemproteinimmunoglobulinAispresentinathletes'saliva.Q—10IfAlevelssuddenlyfallbelowacertainlevel,trainingiseasedordroppedSoon,Alevelsstartrisingagain,andthedangerpasses.Sincethetestswereintroduced,AISathletesinallsportshavebeenremarkablysuccessfulatstayinghealthy.EUsingdataisacomplexbusiness.Wellbeforeachampionship,sportsscientistsandcoachesstarttopreparetheathletebydeveloa'competitionmodel',basedonwhattheyexpectwillbethewinningtimes.’Q—7，12Youdesignthemodeltomakethattime,'saysMason.'Astartofthismuch,each-swimmingperiodhastobethisfast,withacertainstrokefrequencyandstrokelength,withturnsdoneinthesetimes.'Allthetrainingisthengearedtowardsmakingtheathletehitthosetargets,bothoverallandforeachsegmentoftherace.TechniqueslikethesehavetransformedAustraliaintoarguablytheworld'smostsuccessfulsportingnation.FOfcourse,there'snothingtostopothercountriescopying—andmanyhavetried.Q—4Someyearsago,theAISunveiledcoolant-linedjacketsforenduranceathletes.AttheAtlantaOlympicGamesin1996,theseslicedasmuchastwopercentoffcyclists'androwers'times.Noweveryoneusesthem.Q—13Thesamehashappenedtothe'altitudetent',developedbyAIStoreplicatetheeffectofaltitudetrainingatsealevel.Q—11ButAustralia'ssuccessstoryisaboutmorethaneasilycopiedtechnologicalfixes,anduptonownonationhasreplicatedits passingsystem.Questions1-ReadingPassage1hassixparagraphs,A-WhichparagraphcontainsthefollowingWritethecorrectletter,A-F,inboxes1-7onyouranswerNBYoumayuseanylettermorethanareferencetotheexchangeofexpertisebetweendifferent定位詞：exchangeofexpertise,acrossanumberof解析：reference提及提到，Bscientistsworkacrossanumberofsports等于這里說(shuō)道的exchangeofexpertise。BAISscientistsworkacrossanumberofsports,applyingskillslearnedinone—suchasbuildingmusclestrengthingolfers—toothers,suchasswimmingandsquash. 也可從differentsportsanexnationofhowvisualimagingisemployedin定位詞為解析：這里的visualimaging對(duì)應(yīng)文章當(dāng)中的imagesfromadigitalcamera。showsofftheprototypeofa3D ysistoolforstudyingswimmers.利用3D分析工具對(duì)游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行分析，也提示考生應(yīng)當(dāng)定位于C段。CItcollectsimagesfromdigitalcamerasrunningat50framesasecondandbreaksdowneachpartaswimmer'sperformanceintofactorsthatcanysedindividually-strokelength,frequency,averagedurationofeachstroke,velocity,start,lapandfinishtimes,andso50格/秒的數(shù)碼相機(jī)收集影像，然后將運(yùn)動(dòng)員的每個(gè)動(dòng)作都分解areasonfornarrowingthescopeofresearch定位詞：narrowingthescope，researchactivity，wasteourtime，scientific解析：可以通過(guò)researchactivity，scientificquestions，進(jìn)行定位。Wecan’twasteourtimelookingatetherealscientificquestionsthatdon’thelpthecoachworkwithanathlete.會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這里的etherealadj.超凡的，飄渺的。此句所表達(dá)的意思是不要在那些不切合實(shí)際的問(wèn)題上浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，B：Wecan’twasteourtimelookingatetherealscientificquestionsthatdon’thelpthecoachworkwithanathlete. 找和researchactivity相關(guān)的表達(dá)，那么研究就和question前面一句也可幫助推斷theyalfocusonwinning，目的明確且不因在其他項(xiàng)目上浪費(fèi)，所以要howsomeAISideashavebeen定位詞為解析：發(fā)現(xiàn)文章當(dāng)中講到reproduced只有最后一段，文章中得copying和題目當(dāng)中的reproducedAIS來(lái)定位，因?yàn)槲恼轮刑嗔?，無(wú)法快速定位。有時(shí)候并F段原文：Ofcoursethere'snothingtostopothercountriescopying—andmanyhave關(guān)鍵搞清楚reproduce什么意思，re前綴幫助理解單詞意思題目題目中reproduce就 的意思，所以找到copying即howobstaclestooptimumachievementcanbe定位詞為obstacles,investigated,解析:D段當(dāng)中提到研究的方法，tomonitorheartrate,sweating,heatproductionoranyotherfactorthatmighthaveanimpactonanathlete’sabilitytorun.當(dāng)讀到impact這里的時(shí)候，就能看出它和obstacles是對(duì)應(yīng)的，再加上investigated和monitor，就可以確定D段是答案。DD段原文：WiththeCooperativeResearchCentreforMicrotechnologyinMelbourne,theydevelounobtrusivesensorsthatwillbeembededinanathlete'sclothesorrunningshoestomonitorheartrate,sweating,heatproductionoranyotherfactorthatmighthaveanimpactonanathlete'sabilitytorun.D段翻譯：他們正與位于墨爾本的微技術(shù)合作合作，共同開發(fā)可嵌入運(yùn)動(dòng)員衣服或跑鞋里的微型傳感器，用以心律，出汗情況，發(fā)熱量以及其他一切可能對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員賽跑能anoverviewofthefundedsupportof定位詞為funded解析：全文當(dāng)中只有A段在講解澳大利亞成績(jī)斐然的原因是投入很多，所以這里的fundedsupport對(duì)應(yīng)文章當(dāng)中的financesprogrammes。一般從題干中看到overview就去文章的開頭和A段原文：AttheAustralianInstituteofSportAIShundredsofyoungstersandprosliveandtrainundertheeyesofcoaches.Anotherbody,theAustralianSportsCommission(ASC),financesprogrammesofexcellenceinatotalof96sportsforthousandsofsportsmenandwomen.Bothprovideintensivecoaching,trainingfacilitiesandnutritionaladvice.A段翻譯：在AIS里，數(shù)百名青年選手與職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員在 家機(jī)構(gòu)ASC，則為總計(jì)96項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中項(xiàng)目的數(shù)千名表現(xiàn)突出的男女運(yùn)動(dòng)員提供資助。fund，finance，financial都和錢有關(guān)，屬同義替換financesfundedsupport表達(dá)了相同的義項(xiàng)，直接對(duì)howperformancerequirementsarecalculatedbeforean定位詞為calculatedbeforeanevent,wellbeforea解析：Usingdataisacomplexbusiness.Wellbeforeachampionship,sportsscientistsandstartstarttopreparetheathletebya‘competitionEUsingdataisacomplexbusiness.Wellbeforeachampionship,sportsscientistsandcoachesstarttopreparetheathletebydeveloa'competitionmodel',basedonwhattheyexpectwillbethewinningtimes.’E段翻譯：數(shù)據(jù)的分析與應(yīng)用十分復(fù)雜。在錦標(biāo)賽開始之前，體育科學(xué)家和 wellbeforeachampionship和文章中beforeanevent定位到F段，之后發(fā)現(xiàn)后面提及的“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)模型”作用就是計(jì)算時(shí)間和速率，因此內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)上calculate，此時(shí)可斷定答案的位置。Questions8-ClassifythefollowingtechniquesaccordingtowhetherthewriterstatesarecurrentlyexclusivelyusedbywillbeusedinthefuturebyarecurrentlyusedbybothAustraliansandtheirWritethecorrectletter,A,BorC,inboxes8-11onyouranswer解析：文章中的定位詞為digitalcameraC段已經(jīng)提到該系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)廣泛使用于澳大利亞的各項(xiàng)C段原文：Itcollectsimagesfromdigitalcamerasrunningat50framesasecondandbreaksdowneachpartofaswimmer'sperformanceintofactorsthatcanbeysedindividually-strokelength,strokefrequency,averagedurationofeachstroke,velocity,start,lapandfinishtimes,andsoon.50格/秒的數(shù)碼相機(jī)收集影像，然后將運(yùn)動(dòng)員的每個(gè)動(dòng)作都分解解析：willbeembedded，所以是說(shuō)將來(lái)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，找到相同對(duì)應(yīng)詞sensor,然后看到unobtrusivesensorsD段原文：WiththeCooperativeResearchCentreforMicrotechnologyinMelbourne,theyaredevelounobtrusivesensorsthatwillbeembeddedinanathlete'sclothesorrunningshoestomonitorheartrate,sweating,heatproductionoranyotherfactorthatmighthaveanimpactonanathlete'sabilitytorun.原文翻譯：他們正與位于墨爾本的微技術(shù)合作合作，共同開發(fā)可嵌入運(yùn)動(dòng)員衣服或跑鞋里的微型傳感器，用以心律，出汗情況，發(fā)熱量以及其他一切可能對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員賽跑能sensorMelbourne的，斷定是澳大利亞人的發(fā)明。develop運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示正在開發(fā)；而且之后定語(yǔ)從句采用了將來(lái)時(shí)，所以protein解析：DproteinAIS的受益者只有澳大利亞的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。所以選擇只D段原文：AISandtheUniversityofNewcastleinNewSouthWalesdevelopedatestthathowmuchoftheimmune-systemproteinimmunoglobulinAispresentinathletes'原文翻譯：AISA的定位AISaltitude解析：文章中很容易找到引號(hào)括起來(lái)的名詞短語(yǔ)，Thesamehashappened.然后再往上面看，找到跟帳篷相同的是96年奧運(yùn)會(huì)澳大利亞受益于流線型運(yùn)動(dòng)服，并且該運(yùn)動(dòng)服被全世界應(yīng)F段原文：Thesamehashappenedtothe'altitudetent',developedbyAIStoreplicatetheeffectofaltitudetrainingatsealevel.AIS為了模仿在海平面高度地點(diǎn)的訓(xùn)練效果而設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)Questions12andAnswerthequestionsChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSANDIORANUMBERfromthepassageforeachWriteyouranswersinboxes12and13onyouranswerWhatisproducedtohelpanathletentheirperformanceinan答案：competition解析：Helpanathlete ntheirperformance對(duì)應(yīng)上文當(dāng)中的prepareanathleteby，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)題干中的produced與原文中的develo 對(duì)應(yīng)，則答案必定是develo E段原文：EUsingdataisacomplexbusiness.Wellbeforeachampionship,sportsscientistsandcoachesstarttopreparetheathletebydeveloa'competitionmodel',basedonwhattheyexpectwillbethewinningtimes.’ Byhowmuchdidsomecyclists’performanceimproveatthe1996Olympic答案：2percent解析：1996Fhowmuch，知道此空填數(shù)字。然后找到對(duì)應(yīng)文字slicedasmuchastwopercentoffcyclists'androwers'times.2%FAttheAtlantaOlympicGamesin1996,theseslicedasmuchastwopercentoffcyclists'androwers'times.Noweveryoneusesthem.原文翻譯：在1996年舉辦的亞特蘭大奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，該運(yùn)動(dòng)服為自行車運(yùn)動(dòng)員和劃艇選手們減6%的比賽時(shí)間。READINGPASSAGEYoushouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2ThevastexpansionininternationaltradeowesmuchtoarevolutioninthebusinessofmovingAInternationaltradeisgrowingatastartlingpace.Whiletheglobaleconomyhasbeenexpandingatabitover3%ayear,thevolumeoftradehasbeenrisingatacompoundannualrateofabouttwicethat.Q—18Foreignproducts,frommeattomachinery,yamoreimportantroleinalmosteveryeconomyintheworld,andforeignmarketsnowtemptbusinessesthatnevermuchworriedaboutsalestheirnation'sborders.BWhatliesbehindthisexplosionininternationalcommerce?Thegeneralworldwidedeclineinbarriers,suchascustomsdutiesandimportquotas,issurelyoneexnation.Theeconomicopeningofcountriesthathavetraditionallybeenminoryersisanother.Butonebehindtheimport-exportboomhaspassedallbutunnoticed:therapidlyfallingcostofgettinggoodstomarket.Theoretically,intheworldoftrade,shipcostsdonotmatter.Goods,oncetheyhavebeenmade,areassumedtomoveinstantlyandatnocostfromcetoce.Therealworld,however,isfulloffrictions.Cheaplabourmaymake clothingcompetitiveinAmerica,butifdelaysinshipmenttieupworkingcapitalandcausewintercoatstoarriveinspring,trademayloseitsadvantages.Q—19CAttheturnofthe20thcentury,agricultureandmanufacturingwerethetwomostimportantsectorsalmosteverywhere,accountingforabout70%oftotaloutputinGermany,ItalyandFrance,and40-50%inAmerica,BritainandJapan.Q—20Internationalcommercewasthereforedominatedbyrawmaterials,suchaswheat,woodandironore,orprocessedcommodities,suchasmeatandsteel.ButthesesortsofproductsareheavyandbulkyandthecostoftransportingthemrelativelyDCountriesstilltradedisproportionaywiththeirgeographicneighbours.Q—21Overtime,however,worldoutputhasshiftedintogoodswhoseworthisunrelatedtotheirsizeandweight.Q—17Today,itisfinishedmanufacturedproductsthatdominatetheflowoftrade,and,thankstotechnologicaladvancessuchaslightweightcomponents,manufacturedgoodsthemselveshavetendedto elighterandlessbulky.Asaresult,lesstransportationisrequiredforeverydollar'sworthofimportsorexports.EToseehowthisinfluencestrade,considerthebusinessofmakingdiskdrivesforcomputers.Mostoftheworld'sdisk-drivemanufacturingisconcentratedinSouth-eastAsia.Q—23Thisispossibleonlybecausediskdrives,whilevaluable,aresmallandlightandsocostlittletoship.ComputermanufacturersinJapanorTexaswillnotfacehugelybiggerfreightbillsiftheyimportdrivesfromSingaporeratherthanpurchasingthemonthedomesticmarket.Q—16.24Distancethereforeposesnoobstacletotheglobalisationofthedisk-driveindustry.Thisisevenmoretrueofthefast-growinginformationindustries.Fiandcompactdiscscostlittletotransport,evenbyaerone.Computersoftwarecanbe'exported'withouteverloadingitontoaship,simplybytransmittingitoverephonelinesfromonecountrytoanother,Q—15sofreightratesandcargo-handlingschedules einsignificantfactorsindecidingwheretomaketheproduct.Businessescanlocatebasedonotherconsiderations,suchastheavailabilityoflabour,whileworryinglessaboutthecostofdeliveringtheiroutput.Inmanycountriesderegulationhashelpedtodrivetheprocessalong.But,behindthescenes,aseriesoftechnologicalinnovationsknownbroadlyascontainerisationandinter-modaltransportationhasledtoswiftproductivityimprovementsincargo-handling.Q—25Fortyyearsago,theprocessofexportingorimportinginvolvedagreatmanystagesofhandling,whichriskedportionsoftheshipmentbeingdamagedorstolenalongtheway.Theinventionofthecontainercranemadeitpossibletoloadandunloadcontainerswithoutcapsizingtheshipandtheadoptionofstandardcontainersizesallowedalmostanyboxtobetransportedonanyship.By1967,dual-purposeships,carryingloosecargointhehold*andcontainersonthedeck,weregivingwaytoall-containervesselsthatmovedthousandsofboxesatatime.HTheshipcontainertransformedoceanshipintoahighlyefficient,intenselycompetitivebusiness.Butgettingthecargotoandfromthedockwasadifferentstory.Nationalernments,byandlarge,keptamuchfirmerhandontruckandrailroadtariffsthanonchargesforoceanfreight.Q—26Thisstartedchanging,however,inthemid-1970s,whenAmericabegantoderegulateitstransportationindustry.Firstairlines,thenroadhauliersandrailways,weredfromrestrictionsonwhattheycouldcarry,wheretheycouldhaulitandwhatpricetheycouldcharge.Bigproductivitygainsresulted.Between1985and1996,forexample,America'sfreightrailwaysdramaticallyreducedtheiremployment,trackage,andtheirfleetsof increasingtheamountofcargotheyhauled.Europe'srailwayshavealsoshownmarked,albeitsmaller,productivityimprovements.IInAmericatheperiodofhugeproductivitygainsintransportationmaybealmostover,butinmostcountriestheprocessstillhasfartogo.Stateownershipofrailwaysandairlines,regulationoffreightratesandtolerationof petitivepractices,suchascargo-handlingmonopolies,allkeepthecostofshipunnecessarilyhighanddeterinternationaltrade.Bringingthesebarriersdownwouldhelptheworld'seconomiesgrowevencloser.Q—14hold:ship'sstorageareabelowQuestions14-ReadingPassage2hasnineparagraphs,A-WhichparagraphcontainsthefollowingWritethecorrectletter,A-I,inboxes14-17onyouranswerasuggestionforimprovingtradeinthe定位詞:inthefuture,suggestion,would解析解析:可以定位到最后一段。Bringingthesebarriersdownwouldhelptheworld’seconomicsgrowevencloser.thesebarrier同時(shí)也是一個(gè)指代，指代前文當(dāng)中的Stateownershipofrailwaysandairlines,regulationoffreightratesandtolerationof petitivepractices,suchascargo-handlingI段原文：Bringingthesebarriersdownwouldhelptheworld'seconomiesgroweven 一看future肯定在文章后部出現(xiàn)futuretheeffectsoftheintroductionofelectronic定位詞為electronic解析：回顧定位到F段。文章中提到simplybytransmittingitover ephonelinesfromonecountrytoanother.F段原文：Computersoftwarecanbe'exported'withouteverloadingitontoaship,simplybytransmittingitover ephonelinesfromonecountrytoanother, 重點(diǎn)是通過(guò)electronic的意義找到與之相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，即computer thesimilarcostinvolvedintransportingaproductfromabroadorfromalocalabroadlocalabroadSingaporelocal對(duì)應(yīng)的是domesticmarket。題干中是在說(shuō)國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外成本差不多，而從中的這句話中可以得知制E段原文：ComputermanufacturersinJapanorTexaswillnotfacehugelybiggerfreightbillsiftheyimportdrivesfromSingaporeratherthanpurchasingthemonthedomesticmarket.Q 從最從最后distancethereforeposesnoobstacle也可以推斷，國(guó)內(nèi) 成本影響不大theweakeningrelationshipbetweenthevalueofgoodsandthecostoftheir 段里找，然后找到weakeningrelationship對(duì)應(yīng)的是unrelatedto。D段原文：Overtime,however,worldoutputhasshiftedintogoodswhoseworthisunrelatedtotheirsizeandweight.Questions18-DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassageInboxes18-22onyouranswersheet,TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisInternationaltradeisincreasingatagreaterratethantheworld定位詞:Internationaltrade,world解析：文章中對(duì)應(yīng)的一句話：Globaleconomyhasbeenexpandingatabitover3%ayear,thevolumeoftradehasbeenrisingatacompoundannualrateofabouttwicethat.Twice是解題關(guān)鍵，thatGlobaleconomy，所以trade2倍。A段原文：Internationaltradeisgrowingatastartlingpace.Whiletheglobaleconomyhasbeenexpandingatabitover3%ayear,thevolumeoftradehasbeenrisingatacompoundannualrateofabouttwicethat.原文翻譯：國(guó)際貿(mào)易正以驚人的速度增長(zhǎng)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的年均增長(zhǎng)率略高于3%，而貿(mào)易額的Cheaplabourguaranteeseffectivetrade定位詞:CheapB段，前半句提到廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力讓紡織品在有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，但是注意這句話后半句的轉(zhuǎn)折說(shuō)了如果沒(méi)有及時(shí)的，那么貿(mào)易也就失去了優(yōu)勢(shì)。tieup的意思是占B段原文：Cheaplabourmaymake clothingcompetitiveinAmerica,butifdelaysinshipmenttieupworkingcapitalandcausewintercoatstoarriveinspring,trademayloseits原文翻譯：廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力可能的紡織品在的市場(chǎng)上極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，而一但貨運(yùn)的延遲占用了流動(dòng)，并且導(dǎo)致冬大衣春天才運(yùn)達(dá)目的地，那么這筆將會(huì)失去其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。JapanimportsmoremeatandsteelthanC段原文：Attheturnofthe20thcentury,agricultureandmanufacturingwerethetwomostimportantsectorsalmosteverywhereaccountingforabout70%oftotaloutputinGermanyItalyandFrance,and40-50%inAmerica,BritainandJapan.Q意大利和法國(guó)總產(chǎn)量的約 、英國(guó)、 總產(chǎn)量的40%—50%Mostcountriescontinuetoprefertotradewithnearby解析：題目當(dāng)中的nearbynations和文章當(dāng)中的geographicneighbours（鄰國(guó)）對(duì)應(yīng)。和stillDD段原文：Countriesstilltrade ywiththeirgeographicnearby這樣的詞就和geographic Smallcomputercomponentsaremanufacturedin定位詞:Smallcomputer解析：E段中說(shuō)大部分的電腦配件之一——硬盤，全都產(chǎn)自東南亞。E段原文：文章中沒(méi)有提及，不涉及原文。Questions23-Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-K,Writethecorrectletter,A-K,inboxes23-26onyouranswerAtariffsDAtariffsDoutputGtradeJBcomponentsEemployeesHfreightCcontainershipsFinsuranceIKinternationalTHETRANSPORTModernCargo-handingmethodshavehadasignificanteffecton asthebusinessoffreightaroundthe esincreasingly定位詞：businessofmovingfreight解析：E段開頭：Toseehowthisinfluencestrade.this指代的是 。而且effect和influence對(duì)應(yīng)。說(shuō)明此處填trade。E段原文：Toseehowthisinfluencestrade,considerthebusinessofmakingdiskdrivesforcomputers.Mostoftheworld'sdisk-drivemanufacturingisconcentratedinSouth-eastAsia.businessbusinessofmovingesincreasinglystreamlined對(duì)應(yīng)，而且兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)effectinfluence表達(dá)相同意義，因此可以選擇influences后面的trade(貿(mào)易)Toseehowthisinfluencestrade正好有trade一詞，可以直接選擇答案GManufacturersofcomputers,forinstance,areabletoimport24fromoverseas,ratherthanhavingtorelyonalocal computersforinstance可以定位到E段，找到要填的詞是關(guān)于硬盤的，硬盤肯定是配件，所以找到答案。E段原文：ComputermanufacturersinJapanorTexaswillnotfacehugelybiggerfreightbillsiftheyimportdrivesfromSingaporeratherthanpurchasingthemonthedomesticmarket. forinstancecomputersE段，之后就很容易地可以填出應(yīng)該是電腦的硬盤及divers。但是答案選項(xiàng)里面卻沒(méi)有，只能選擇相關(guān)的高一級(jí)的詞匯components。Theintroductionof25hasmeantthatbulkcargocanbesafelyandefficientlymovedoverlongdistances.答案：container 方法的引入，從G段第二句話，看到cargo與cargo-handling對(duì)應(yīng)，introduction和innovation對(duì)應(yīng)。G段原文：But,behindthescenes,aseriesoftechnologicalinnovationsknownbroadlyascontainerisationandinter-modaltransportationhasledtoswiftproductivityimprovementsincargo-找bulk根據(jù)空格前面的introduction可以推出需要填寫的是 題目關(guān)系以及定位詞找到在G段第二句話中，之后看到斜體字中即為兩種方法，集裝箱和多式聯(lián)運(yùn)，答案應(yīng)該跟container有關(guān)，答案應(yīng)該填寫CWhileinternationalshipisnowefficient,thereisstillaneedfor ernmentstoreduce26:inordertoupthedomesticcargo解析： ernment可以快速定位至H段，填reduce的賓語(yǔ)為tariffsH段原文：Butgettingthecargotoandfromthedockwasadifferentstory.National byandlarge,keptamuchfirmerhandontruckandrailroadtariffsthanonchargesforoceanfreight. domesticcargosector可以和truckandrailroadREADINGPASSAGEClimateClimateChangeandtheInuitThethreatposedbyclimatechangeintheArcticandtheproblemsfacedbyCanada'sInuitpeopleAUnusualsarebeingreportedacrosstheArctic.Inuitfamiliesgoingoffonsnowstopreparetheirsummerhuntingcampshavefoundthemselvescutofffromhomebyaseaofmud,followingearlythaws.Therearereportsofiglooslosingtheirinsulatingpropertiesasthesnowdripsandrezes,oflakesdrainingintotheseaaspermafrostmelts,andseaicebreakingupearlierthanusual,carryingsealsthereachofhunters.Climatechangemaystillbearatherideatomostofus,butintheArcticitisalreadyhavingdramaticeffects—ifsummertimeicecontinuestoshrinkatitspresentrate,theArcticOceancouldsoon evirtuallyice-insummer.Theknock-oneffectsarelikelytoincludemorewarming,cloudierskies,increasedprecipitationandhighersealevels.Scientistsareincreasinglykeentofindoutwhat'sgoingonbecausetheyconsidertheArcticthe'canaryinthemine'forglobalwarming—awarningofwhat'sinstorefortherestoftheworld.BFortheInuittheproblemisurgent.Theyliveinprecariousbalancewithoneofthetoughestenvironmentsonearth.Climatechange,whateveritscauses,isadirectthreattotheirwayoflife.NobodyknowstheArcticaswellasthelocals,whichiswhytheyarenotcontentsimplytostandbackandletoutsideexperts lthemwhat'shappening.InCanada,wheretheInuitpeoplearelouslyguardingtheirhard-wonautonomyinthecountry'snewestterritory,Nunavut,theybelievetheirbesthopeofsurvivalinthischangingenvironmentliesincombiningtheirancestralwiththebestofmodernscience.Thisisachallengeinitself.Q—CTheCanadianArcticisavast,treelesspolardesertthat'scoveredwithsnowformostoftheyear.Ventureintothisterrainandyougetsomeideaofthehardshipsfacinganyonewhocallsthishome.Farmingisoutofthequestionandnatureoffersmeagrepickings.Humansfirstsettledinthelsandago,survivingbyexploitingseaalsandago,survivingbyexploitingseaenvironmenttestedthemtothelimits:sometimesthecolonistsweresuccessful,sometimestheyfailedandvanished.Butaroundathousandyearsago,onegroupemergedthatwasuniquelywelladaptedtocopewiththeArcticenvironment.TheseThulepeoplemovedinfromAlaska,bringingkayaks,sleds,dogs,potteryandirontools.Theyaretheancestorsoftoday'sInuitpeople.Q—28，DLifeforthedescendantsoftheThulepeopleisstillharsh.Nunavutis1.9millionsquarekilometresofrockandice,andahandfulofislandsaroundtheNorthPole.Q—37It’scurrentlyhometo2,500people,allbutahandfulofthemindigenousInuit.Overthepast40years,mosthaveabandonedtheirnomadicwaysandsettledintheterritory's28isolatedcommunities,buttheystillrelyheavilyonnaturetoprovidefoodandclothing.Q—38.39ProvisionsavailableinlocalshopshavetobeflownintoNunavutononeofthemostcostlyairnetworksintheworld,orbroughtbysupplyshipduringthefewice-weeksofsummer.Itwouldcostafamilyaround￡7,000ayeartorecemeattheyobtainedthemselvesthroughhuntingwithimportedmeat.Economicopportunitiesarescarce,andformanypeoplestatebenefitsaretheironly EWhiletheInuitmaynotactuallystarveifhuntingandtraparecurtailedbyclimatechange,therehascertainlybeenanimpactonpeople'shealth.Obesity,heartdiseaseanddiabetesarebeginningtoappearinapeopleforwhomthesehaveneverbeforebeenproblems.Therehasbeenacrisisofidentityasthetraditionalskillsofhunting,trapandpreparingskinshavebeguntodisappear.InNunavut's'iglooand'society,whereadultswhowereborniniglooshavechildrenwhomayneverhavebeenoutontheland,there'sahighincidenceofdepression.Q-30FWithsomuchatstake,theInuitaredeterminedtoyakeyroleinteasingoutthemysteriesclimatechangeintheArctic.Havingsurvivedthereforcenturies,theybelievetheirwealthofincreasinglyreferredtoas'InligenceQuotient',orIQ.'Intheearlydaysscientistsignoreduswhentheycameupheretostudyanything.Theyjustfiguredthesepeopledon'tknowverymuchsowewon'taskthem,'saysJohnAmagoalik,anInuitleaderandpolitician.'ButinrecentyearsIQhashadmuchmorecredibilityandweight.'Infactitisnowarequirementforanyonehotogetpermissiontodoresearchthattheyconsultthecommunities,whoareheltosettheresearchagendatoreflecttheirmostimportantconcerns.Theycanturndownapplicationsfromscientistst