高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

必修I--unit1I---1Friendship一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.begoodto對(duì)……友好begoodfor對(duì)……有益；bebadto…/bebadfor…Iwillbegoodtootherpeople.我會(huì)善良的對(duì)待其他人.Itwouldbegoodforyoutospendaholidayinthesun.在有陽(yáng)光的地方度假會(huì)給你帶來(lái)很多好處。TheOlympicswillbegoodforbusiness.奧運(yùn)會(huì)的召開(kāi)將有利于商業(yè)的發(fā)展。begoodat擅長(zhǎng)makegood有成就；成功asgoodas實(shí)際上；幾乎等于agooddeal許多，大量徹底的；完全的；痛快的tohaveagooddrink喝個(gè)痛快2.addup加起來(lái)addupto合計(jì)，總計(jì)add…to把……加到……addto增加Addupyourscoreandseehowmanypointsyouget?把你的分?jǐn)?shù)加起來(lái)，看看得多少？Somepeoplecanaddupquiteeasilyintheirheads,butnotall.Goodfriendsdonotaddupwhattheydoforeachother;insteadtheyofferhelpwhenitisneeded.Thefiguresaddupto270.這些數(shù)字加起來(lái)是270。Youshouldn'taddfueltotheflame你不應(yīng)該火上加油Fireworksaddedtotheattractionofthefestivalnight.焰火使節(jié)日的夜晚更加生色。Thebadweatheraddedtotheshipwreckedsailors’difficulties.惡劣的天氣增加了失事船只的船員們的困難。Yourfriendcannotgountilhefinishescleaninghisbike.not…until/till意思是“直到…才”，表示主句謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作直到until狀語(yǔ)所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的是動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始，動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性的。Theydidnotcomebackuntileleven.他們會(huì)在十一點(diǎn)后回來(lái)。Ididnotnoticeituntilyesterday.我一直到昨天才注重到它。4.Youhadtopaytogetitrepairedgetsthdone使……完成/讓某人做某事5.Youwillignorethebellandgosomewherequiettocalmyourfrienddown.Isaidhellotoher,butsheignoredmecompletely!calm…down使平息,使平靜calmdown平息/平靜下來(lái)Thecryingchildsooncalmeddown.哭鬧的小孩不多一會(huì)就安靜下來(lái)。Itwasalongtimebeforehemanagedtocalmhimselfdown.過(guò)了很久他才努力使自己冷靜下來(lái)。Wetriedtocalmhimdown,buthekeptcrying.我們?cè)噲D讓他平靜下來(lái)，但他仍不停地哭著。6.Tellyourfriendthatyouareconcernedabouthim.beconcernedabout關(guān)心，掛念Hewasveryconcernedabouthischildren'seducation.他很關(guān)心他兒子的教育。Pleasedon’tbeconcernedaboutme.請(qǐng)別為我操心。Whyisshesoconcernedabouthisattitudetoherwork?她為什么那么關(guān)注他對(duì)她的工作的看法？7.Yourfriendhasgoneonholidayandaskedyoutotakecareofhisdog.goonholiday度假beonholiday正在休假Whatfunitwillbewhenweallgoonholidaytogether.我們大家一起去度假那可太有意思了.takecareof愛(ài)護(hù)，照料takecare注意，當(dāng)心Youarenot(physically)strong,soyoumayaswelltakecareofyourhealth.你的體格不壯，因此最好注意健康。8.Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotloose.在遛狗的時(shí)候，你一粗心松開(kāi)了手中的狗鏈。當(dāng)while,when,before,after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省去。walksbhome/toaplace:為保證安全而陪某人去某地It’slate----letmewalkyouhome.9.takeone’send-of-termexam參加期末考試????10.3)Yourfriend,whodoesn’tworkhard,asksyoutohelphimcheatintheend-of-termexam.（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）cheatintheexam考試作弊11.lookatsomeoneelse’spaper看別人的試卷12.makealistofreasons列舉一些原因13.Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughts?你想有一位無(wú)話不談、能推心置腹的朋友嗎？14.gothrough遭遇；經(jīng)歷；熬過(guò)；用光(錢)；獲準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)Itcangothroughthetestofthetime.它能經(jīng)受時(shí)間的考驗(yàn).Sheknewthatshehadgottogothroughallthedifficultieswithherfamily.Hewouldgothroughfireandwaterforhiscountry.他愿為國(guó)家赴湯蹈火。15.hideaway??躲藏；隱藏16.Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,…我不愿像大多數(shù)人一樣在日記中記流水賬，……Whydon'tyousetyourideasdownonpaper?Wehavehadaseriesofstormydayswhenwewereontheisland.Thepoliceaskedhimtosetdownwhathehadseeninareport.警察讓他在報(bào)告中寫下他所看見(jiàn)的事情。16.Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無(wú)法出門的緣故，我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無(wú)比狂熱。17.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofbirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.??我記得非常清楚，曾有一段時(shí)間，湛藍(lán)的天空、鳥(niǎo)兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未使我心醉神迷過(guò)。18.Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpastelevenoneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.有一天晚上，我熬到11點(diǎn)半故意不睡覺(jué)，為的是獨(dú)自好好看看月亮一次。19.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn'tdareopenawindow.但是因?yàn)樵鹿馓亮?，我不敢打開(kāi)窗戶。ShespeaksFrenchfarbetterthanI,soIdon'tdaretalkwithherinFrench.20.Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.黃昏時(shí)我碰巧在樓上，那時(shí)窗戶是開(kāi)著的。sthhappentosb某人發(fā)生某事Whathappenedtohim?sbhappentodosth某人碰巧做某事??正巧itsohappenedthat。。。Ithappenedthathewasseenbyhisfather.=Hehappenedtobeseenbyhisfather.他碰巧被他父親看見(jiàn)了。AsIwasabouttogooutandsearchforhim,hehappenedtocomein.正當(dāng)我打算出去找他時(shí)，他恰巧進(jìn)來(lái)。Thestreetlightsgoonatdusk.街上的路段在傍晚時(shí)分亮起來(lái)。21.ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatIhadseenthenightfacetoface.這是我一年半以來(lái)第一次目睹夜晚。Itisthefirst(second…etc)that…(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))Itwasthefirst(second…etc)that…(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí))thefirsttime可作從屬連詞用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。ThefirsttimeIsawher,myheartstopped.ItwasthefirsttimethatItalkedwithaforeignerfacetoface.Ithinkweneedaface-to-facetalksoastoclearthemisunderstanding.Ihaveoftenheardofher.Actually,I'venevermetherfacetoface.22.inone’spower處于……的控制之中Ihavegothiminmypower.IcanaskhimtodoanythingIwant.我控制了他，我可以讓他為我做任何事。23.It’snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.觀看這些已不再是樂(lè)趣，因?yàn)榇笞匀皇悄惚仨氂H身體驗(yàn)的。It’snogood/usedoingsth.做某事時(shí)沒(méi)用的。24.Shefounditdifficulttosettleandcalmdowninthehidingplace.25.sufferfrom患…病;受…苦痛;遭受Mostoftheimportantcitiesoftheworldsufferfromtrafficjam.世界上大多數(shù)大城市都交通堵塞為患。26.Itwassuchfuntowatchitrunlooseinthepark.27.I’vegottiredoflookingnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows.28.Ineedtopackupmythingsinthesuitcaseveryquickly.29.Mumaskedherifshewasveryhotwithsomanyclotheson.with+名詞/代詞(賓格)+分詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/不定式/副詞在句中常作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞形式的選擇取決于賓語(yǔ)同動(dòng)詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.30.havesometroublewithsborsth.在……上遇到了麻煩Ihavesometroublewithmystudies.31.getalong…withsb/sth.與某人相處怎樣/某事進(jìn)展如何？Ifyouhavesometrouble(in)gettingalongwithyourfriends,youcanwritetotheeditorandaskforadvice.如果你在和朋友的相處上有問(wèn)題，你可以寫信給編輯向他征求建議。32.Thishasmademeangry.…h(huán)emadeherdiaryherbestfriend…make后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)須用不帶to的不定式、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞等。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種形式:makesb.dosth.讓(使)某人做某事。Hewasmadetorepeatit.(注意在被動(dòng)句中，不定式前要加to)makesb./sth.+adj.使某人/物…Weshoulddoourbesttomakeourcountrystrongerandmorebeautiful.makesb./oneself+v-ed讓某人/自己被…Whenyouspeak,youshouldmakeyourselfunderstood.(4)makesb.+n.使某人成為…makeitn./adj.+(forsb.)todosth.Wemadehimleaderofourteam.(注意表示職位的名詞前不加冠詞)Hemadeiteasyforustounderstandthetext.33.I’mnotgoodatcommunicatingwithpeople.34.AlthoughItriedtotalktomyclassmates,Istillfoundithardtomakefriendswiththem.35.Idowanttochangethissituation,butIdon’tknowhow.36.Mr.Joneslivesaloneandoftenfeelslonely.瓊斯先生單獨(dú)一人生活，常常感到孤獨(dú)。37.Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldgivemesomeadvice.??如果您給我提些建議，我會(huì)非常感謝的。??（Iwouldbegratefulif…??委婉客氣提出請(qǐng)求）38.joinindiscussionsandshowinterestinotherpeople’sideas39.It’sagoodhabitforyoutokeepadiary.??記日記對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。40.Whynothaveatry?41.Truefriendsarelikewine;theolder,thebetter.42.Peoplearetoldthattheiractionsshouldbeasgentleasthewindthatblowsfromthesea.43.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.必修I--unit2I---IIEnglisharoundtheworld一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.gotothepictures去看電影（美）；gotothemovies去看電影（英）2.…listthecountriesthatuseEnglishasanofficiallanguage列舉把英語(yǔ)用作官方語(yǔ)言的國(guó)家3.theroadto…通向……之路4.attheendof在……末端，在……盡頭，bytheend最后（=finally）5.becauseof因?yàn)椤ㄗ⒁夂蚥ecause的區(qū)別）Manybeautifulfisharefastdisappearingbecauseoftheseverepollution.因?yàn)槲廴緡?yán)重，許多美麗的魚類正在面臨絕種。Anargumentwasinevitablebecausetheydislikedeachothersomuch.爭(zhēng)論是不可避免的，因?yàn)樗麄儽舜朔浅拹骸?.nativeEnglishspeakers以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人7.evenif(=eventhoug)即使，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后面既可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但是evenif/eventhough,引導(dǎo)的從句中不用將來(lái)時(shí)。如：Eventhough/ifitrainstomorrow,wewillleaveforBeup走上前來(lái)，走近，發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)comeupwith追上，趕上，提出9.Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.事實(shí)上，當(dāng)不同文化相互交流滲透時(shí)，所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)有所發(fā)展、有所變化。10.bedifferentfrom…與……不同bedifferentin…在……不同Mostofmyprojectswillbewildlydifferentinperformancefromonenighttothenext.我多數(shù)作品每天晚上的演奏風(fēng)格都各不相同。Asweknow,BritainEnglishisalittledifferentfromAmericanEnglish.中所周知，英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)有點(diǎn)不同。11.bebasedon以……為基礎(chǔ)Therelationshipbetweenourtwocountriesisbaseduponmutualrespect.兩個(gè)國(guó)家的關(guān)系以相互尊重為基礎(chǔ)。Thisbookisbasedonatruestorythathappenedinthe1930s.這本書以發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)三十年代的真實(shí)故事為基礎(chǔ)。Thereporteraskedthewriterwhohebasedhischaracteron.記者問(wèn)作家他作品的人物是以誰(shuí)為原型的。12.atpresent目前，眼下bepresentat在席；出席presentsthtosb/presentsbwithsth把……推薦，呈現(xiàn)……forthepresent眼前；暫時(shí)presentoneself出席；到場(chǎng)13.make(great/good/better/full)useofWehavealotofworktodo,sowehavetomakegooduseoftime.我們有很多工作要做，所以要好好利用時(shí)間。14.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmerianEnglishspeaking.后者體現(xiàn)了美國(guó)英語(yǔ)的不同特色。15.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.比如說(shuō)，印度擁有眾多講英語(yǔ)流利的人，這是應(yīng)為英國(guó)于1765到1947年統(tǒng)治過(guò)印度。(Asmallnumberoffriendscametohelphimwhenhewasintrouble)16.suchas例如forexampleInthisparagraphtherearemanynouns,suchasboy,girl,andbook.這一段里面有很多名詞，例如男孩、女孩和書本。Manygreatmenhaverisenfrompoverty---Lincoln,forexample.許多偉人從貧困中崛起，例如林肯。Youcantakeyourresearchworkforexample.你可以拿你的研究工作做個(gè)例子。17.Today,thenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.目前在中學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)正在迅速增長(zhǎng)。18.thelargestnumberof大多數(shù)的Chinahasthelargestnumberofpeople.中國(guó)有著世界上最多的人。19.ItisnoteasyforaChinesepersontospeakEnglishasfluentlyasanativespeaker.中國(guó)人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)很難像以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)那么流利。20.OnereasonisthatEnglishhasalargevocabulary.一個(gè)原因是英語(yǔ)有很大的詞匯量。21.differentEnglishspeakingcountries不同的說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家22.singsbasong=singasongforsb23.turnoffturnonturnupturndown24.holdon堅(jiān)持住，握住不放；(打電話時(shí))不掛斷，等—會(huì)holdontovt.拉住(抓牢)25.believeitornot信不信由你26.thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish人們期望新聞播音員所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)是最好的英語(yǔ)27.…youwillhearthedifferenceintheway（that/inwhich）peoplespeak.你會(huì)聽(tīng)出人們?cè)谡f(shuō)話時(shí)的差異。28.playarole/part(in)在…中擔(dān)任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一個(gè)角色；參與playanimportantrole/part在…中起重要作用DengXiaopingplayedanimportantpartindevelopingtheeconomyinChina.鄧小平在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展過(guò)程中起著重要作用。29.fromoneplacetoanother從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方30.thesame…as…與……一樣31.…theystillrecognizeandunderstandeachother’sdialects.……他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e、理解彼此的方言。32.Noproblem.沒(méi)問(wèn)題33.anicefallday=alovelyautumnday34.atthetopof…在…頂上，在最高位，atthebottomof在……底部35.keepfit保持健康Youneedexerciseandkeepfit.你需要運(yùn)動(dòng)和保持體形。36.buildup逐漸積聚，集結(jié)；逐步建立；增進(jìn)，增強(qiáng)bringup教養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育；提出37.WhenyoulearnEnglish,trytohavefunwiththelanguage.當(dāng)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，努力找出語(yǔ)言的樂(lè)趣。38.Visitorsarerequestednottotakephotosinthemuseum.博物館要求參觀的旅客不得在館內(nèi)拍照。39.bycandlelight借助于燭光40.besatisfiedwith…對(duì)……感到滿意，滿足于Neverbesatisfiedwithjustalittlesuccess.不要有一點(diǎn)成績(jī)就滿足。41.ShesuggestedusingCDstolistentoEnglishsongsandlearnEnglishexpressions,watchingthenewsandinterviewsonCCTV9,andtryingtolistentonativespeakers.她建議用CD來(lái)聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)歌曲和學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)，看新聞和中央電視臺(tái)9套訪談，努力聽(tīng)以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人說(shuō)話。Itissuggestedthat...有人提議...Isuggestthat...我覺(jué)得[認(rèn)為]Isuggestedyoudowhathesays.我建議你按照他說(shuō)的去做。Isuggestyounotgotomorrow.我想你明天還是不要去了。Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasinbadhealth.他蒼白的臉色暗示了他身體不好。42.atsea在海上當(dāng)海員迷惑,茫然bysea乘船，經(jīng)海路bythesea在海邊,在海岸邊inthesea在海里onthesea在海上beyond/overthesea在海外Shetriedtounderstandtheinstructions,butshewascompletelyatsea.她費(fèi)盡力氣想看懂那些說(shuō)明文字，卻全然不知所云。accordingto…按照……Helivesaccordingtohermeans他按他的方式生活必修I--unit3I---IIITraveljournal一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.preferpreferdoingtotalking喜歡做而不喜歡說(shuō)Whichofthesetwodressesdoyouprefer?這兩套衣服你喜歡哪一套？IprerertogotoAmericaformyfrutherstudy.我更愿意選擇去美國(guó)進(jìn)修學(xué)習(xí)。Anneprefersmetoreplaceheratthemeeting.安妮更愿意我代替她去參加會(huì)議。1.advantagesanddisadvantages優(yōu)劣2.Howdotheymakeuseofitintheirdailylife?在日常生活中他們是如何利用它的3.flowthrough流過(guò)，流經(jīng)4.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.從高中起，我姐姐王維和我就一直夢(mèng)想做一次偉大的自行車旅行。??連詞since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，介詞since與表示過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)連用，副詞since后不用從句或詞語(yǔ)。Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)(從句中的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù))自從……至今已經(jīng)多久了。sincethen自從那時(shí)至今eversince從那以后一直5.persuadesbtodosth=persuadesbintodoingsth說(shuō)服某人做某事Hepersuadedhertogotoschool,eventhoughshedidnotwantto.即使她不想去上學(xué)，他還是說(shuō)服她去。growupinwesternYunnan在云南西部長(zhǎng)大.Aftergraduatingfrocollege,wefinallygotthechancetotakeabiketrip.大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后，我們終于有了機(jī)會(huì)騎自行車旅行。8.ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.首先想到沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅游的是我的姐姐。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itis/was…that/who的用法歸納如下：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的任何句子成份。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，用連詞that或who；如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物，只能用連詞that。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型應(yīng)避免使用when,where,which等連詞。含一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型:①含一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Isit+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？②特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)形式為：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/wasitthat/who+句子的其余部分？9.schedualforthetrip旅行計(jì)劃10.befondof喜歡，喜愛(ài)Althoughshedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.盡管她對(duì)去某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她堅(jiān)持要自己把這次旅行安排得盡善盡美。（注意1：Althoughconj.“盡管，雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。拓展：①although從句多在句首，though從句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though可以作副詞用于句末，作“但是，不過(guò)”講，而although無(wú)此用法。②although用來(lái)陳述事實(shí)而不用于假設(shè)，所以asthough(仿佛，好像)，eventhough(即使，盡管)中不能用although。③though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以倒裝(將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而although不可以。注意2：insist在這里的意思是“堅(jiān)持要求”后面的that從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；如果insist意為“強(qiáng)調(diào)，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”的時(shí)候，從句可以用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。例如：Sheinsistedthatshedidn’ttellalie.她強(qiáng)調(diào)她沒(méi)撒謊。另外，還可以用insistondoingsth/sth.一定要、堅(jiān)持主張，如：Sheinsistsongettingupearlyandplayingherradioloudly她老是一大早起來(lái)把收音機(jī)音量開(kāi)大。）11.careaboutdetails考慮細(xì)節(jié)（Theonlythinghecaresaboutismoney.他唯一在乎的就是金錢。carefor喜歡，照料，照顧Idon’treallycareforredwine.我其實(shí)并不喜歡紅葡萄酒。Whowillcareforyourchildifyouareout?如果你外出了，誰(shuí)來(lái)照顧你的孩子？12.givemeadeterminedlook給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神13.changeone’smind改變主意14.…sheseemedtobeexcitedaboutit.似乎顯得興奮15.aninterestingexperience一次有趣的經(jīng)歷16.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Finally,Ihadtogivein.她一旦下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。Once可作為從屬連詞，作“一(旦)……就……”解，連接一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句。從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來(lái)。如：Onceyouhavebeginyoumustcontinue.Onceprinted，thebookwillbeverypopular。17.Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travellingacrossweternYunnanProvince.它穿過(guò)深谷時(shí)就變成了急流，流經(jīng)云南西部。18.Itmakeswidebendsormeandersthroughlowvalleystotheplainswherericegrows.河水蜿蜒緩慢地穿過(guò)低谷，流向生長(zhǎng)稻谷的平原。19.Heissostubbornthatnoonecanpersuadehimtodoanything.他太固執(zhí)，沒(méi)有一人能勸動(dòng)他做事。20.Adeterminedpersonalwaystriestofinishthejob,nomatterhowharditis.不論工作多難，一個(gè)堅(jiān)決的人總是努力地去完成它。21.Mygrandapaisfondoffishingandsometimeshefishesalldayintheriver.我爺爺喜歡釣魚，有時(shí)他整天在河邊釣魚。22.Ipreferthereddresstothegreenonebecauseitfitsmebetter.我喜歡那件紅色的衣服不喜歡那件綠色的，因?yàn)榧t色的更合我的身。23.TheconcertwentlikeclockworkbecauseLiPeiorganizeditsowell.音樂(lè)會(huì)順利地進(jìn)行，因?yàn)槔钆褰M織地相當(dāng)好。24.Iwantedtopaythetrainfare,butmyfriendinsisted.FinallyIgavein.我想付火車票費(fèi)用，但我朋友堅(jiān)持他付。最后我讓步了。25.Shepersuadedallofustocycletoworkinsteadoftakingthebus.她說(shuō)服了我們不做公共汽車而是騎車去工作。26.Asneitherofthemwouldgivein,nodecisionwastakenthatday.由于雙方都不讓步，那天沒(méi)有形成決議。27.Thetaskwasdifficult,butHelen’sdeterminedexpressionletmeknowthatshewouldnotgiveup.雖然工作很難，但海倫的堅(jiān)定神情使我知道她不會(huì)放棄。28.HowIwishIcouldmakeajourneyintospaceandseethestarsupclose.我多么希望我能夠進(jìn)行太空旅行，近距離地看看星星啊。29.TheveryfirsttimethatJoesawthefilm“ET”directedbyStevenSpieberg,hemadeuphismindtobecomeadirectortoo.第一次看StevenSpieberg執(zhí)導(dǎo)的電影“ET”時(shí)，他就下定決心也要當(dāng)一名導(dǎo)演。30.alargeparcelof一大包31.Wearetakingoutinsurancetocoveranyproblems.我們要投保給一切問(wèn)題保險(xiǎn)。32.Ourlegsweresoheavyandcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksofice.我們的腿又冷又沉，感覺(jué)就像大冰塊。33.Alongthewaychildrendressedinlongwoolcoatsstoppedtolookatus.一路上，一些身著羊毛大衣的孩子們停下來(lái)看我們。34.However,thelakesshonelikeglassinthesettingsunandlookedwonderful.然而，湖水在落日的余暉下閃亮如鏡，景色迷人。35.asusual像往常一樣36.Atonepointweweresohighthatwefoundourselvescyclingthroughclouds.在某個(gè)時(shí)刻，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己置身高處，仿佛騎車穿越云層。37.Wesawmanysheepeatinggreengrass.我們看到羊群在吃草。38.makecamp宿營(yíng)39.putupourtent搭帳篷40.stayawake睡不著，醒著41.atmidnight在半夜42.forcompany做伴43.liebeneaththestars躺在星空下44.Wecanhardlywaittoseethem.我們迫不及待地想要見(jiàn)到他們。45.Goodluckonyourjourney.祝你旅途愉快46.Whenyougoonajourney,whynotkeepatraveljourney?當(dāng)你出游的時(shí)候問(wèn)什么不記旅行日記呢？47.seetheworldthroughsomebodyelse’seyes通過(guò)別人的眼睛看世界48.gointherightdirection走正確的方向49.Thetortoisemovesataveryslowpace.烏龜以很慢的速度行進(jìn)。Ifyoupaceyourself,youwillbeabletoworkefficiently.如果你為自己定好了速度，你就會(huì)高效地工作。50.besimilarto類似于51.affordtodosth付得起，能承擔(dān)52.betiredfrom因……而疲勞betiredof對(duì)……厭倦53.beinhighspirits喜氣洋洋，興高采烈54.cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)，成真55.Askthemtogiveyousomeadviceonimprovingit.要他們就如何改進(jìn)提一些建議。56.aguideto………的指南57.onatour在游覽中，在巡演中58.indetail詳細(xì)地必修I---unit4I---IVEarthquakes一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.Nowimaginetherehasbeenabigearthquake.現(xiàn)在，假設(shè)有一次大地震?！癟here+be+主語(yǔ)+其它成分”結(jié)構(gòu)中there為引導(dǎo)詞，本身無(wú)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按照就近一致原則。其它相似句型還有：Therehappentobe碰巧有Thereseems/appearstobe好像有Thereislikelytobe可能有Theremay/mightbe也許有Theremustbe一定有Therecan’tbe不可能有Thereissaid/reportedtobe據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道有Thereusedtobe曾經(jīng)有Thereissure/certaintobe一定有2.happento.It(so)happenedthat…DidyouhearwhathappenedtoDavidlastnight?你聽(tīng)說(shuō)大衛(wèi)昨天晚上發(fā)生什么事了嗎?WhatwillhappentothechildrenifPeterandAlicebreakup?如果彼得和愛(ài)麗絲離婚孩子們將怎么辦?IhappenedtoseePeteronthewaytothebookstoreyesterday.昨天我去書店的路上碰巧遇見(jiàn)了彼得。ItsohappenedthatIsawPeteronthewaytothebookstoreyesterday.昨天我去書店的路上碰巧遇見(jiàn)了彼得。Ihappenedtobeoutwhenhecalled.他來(lái)訪時(shí)，恰巧我出去了。(=IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.)IhappenedonjustthethingIhadbeenlookingfor.我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了我所要找的東西。3.rightaway毫不遲疑，立刻Heisill;youshouldcallinthedoctorrightaway.他病了,你應(yīng)該立即請(qǐng)大夫來(lái)。4.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.裂縫里冒出臭氣。5.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至豬都緊張得不想吃食。6.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.但是，這個(gè)城市的一百萬(wàn)居民都沒(méi)有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。7.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.世界似乎到了末日。從句表示“(在某人)看來(lái)好像；似乎”①Itseems/looks/appearsasif/though…看起來(lái)好像…②Sb./Sth.looksasif/though…(不用seem/appear)③Thereseems/appears(tobe)…(不用look)Thereappearstohavebeenamistake.=Itappearsthattherehasbeenamistake.④Itseemsso.=Soitseems.看來(lái)似乎是這樣。8.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi)，一座大城市就淪落為一片廢墟之中。9.Two-thirdsofthemdiedorinjuredduringtheearthquake.三人之二的人在地震中死去或受傷。10.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.死傷的人數(shù)達(dá)到40多萬(wàn)。10.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.有些醫(yī)生和救援人員被困在廢墟下面。11.Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。該句為部分否定。All,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及every+名詞都表示全部肯定；但當(dāng)not在它們之前或之后都表示部分否定。noone,nonenobody,nothing,not…any,以及no+名詞都表示全部否定。如：①Bothofthemhaven’treadthisstory.并非他們二人都看過(guò)這個(gè)故事。②Alloftheboysareclever,butnoneofthemcanworkoutthisproblem.這些男孩都很聰明，但沒(méi)有一個(gè)人能解出這道題。③Allbamboodoesn’tgrowtall.=Notallbamboogrowstall.并非所有的竹子都長(zhǎng)的高。12.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.救援人員為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所。13.undertheweightof在……重壓下，迫于14.intheopenair在戶外，在野外，露天intheair在空中，懸而未決15.taketurnstodosth依次，輪流做某事inturn依次地，輪流地Itisyourturnnow.現(xiàn)在輪到你了。Nooneisallowedtogethisticketoutofturn.任何人都不準(zhǔn)不按次序買票。16.beshockedat對(duì)……感到震驚17.beproudof以……為自豪18.OurofficewouldliketohaveyouspeaktotheparkvisitorsonJuly2819.expressone’sthankstosb/forsth…對(duì)/因……表示感謝20.withoutwarning毫無(wú)預(yù)兆21.nextto緊接著，相鄰，次于22.getawayfrom…避免，擺脫，離開(kāi)23.disarster-hitareas災(zāi)區(qū)24.raisemoney募捐，籌款25.ListeningtoEnglishisaveryimportantskillbecauseitisonlywhenweunderstandwhatissaidtousthatwecanhaveaconversationwithsomebody.聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)是一項(xiàng)很重要的技能，因?yàn)橹挥挟?dāng)我們懂得別人給我們說(shuō)什么我們才能與他交談。26.Itisbelievedthatonthesurfaceoftheearthareanumberofplates.人們認(rèn)為地球表面是一些板塊。27.holdup舉起；托住；支撐；使停滯;耽擱；提出；阻擋；列舉，推舉；(理論等)經(jīng)得住Womencanholduphalfofthesky.婦女能頂半邊天。28.makeup彌補(bǔ),虛構(gòu),縫制,整理,包裝,和解,編輯,化妝,補(bǔ)足,拼湊Farmworkersmakeuponlyasmallsectionofthepopulation.農(nóng)民只占人口的一小部分.Theboymadeupastory;itwasnottrue.男孩編了個(gè)故事，這故事不是真的。29.Thejudgegaveaprizeandhiscongratulationstothecyclistwhowonthecompetition.裁判把獎(jiǎng)金頒給贏得比賽的自行車選手，并向他祝賀。30.Theminerswhohadbeentrappedintheminefortwodayswerefinallyrescued.被困在煤礦里兩天的礦工們最后得到了營(yíng)救。31.Thereporterrecognizedthatthegirlwhowassofrightenedwastryingtoavoidthequestion.記者意識(shí)到女孩很害怕，而且盡力地回避問(wèn)題。32.Thebigfiredestroyedtwoshopswhichareaboutfourblocksfromhere.大火摧毀了離這兒四個(gè)街區(qū)的兩個(gè)商店。33.Ican’texpresshowIamfeelingatthemoment.我無(wú)法表達(dá)我現(xiàn)在的感覺(jué)。34.Itissaidbuttruethatpeopledieinearthquakesfromfallingfurnitureandbricks.據(jù)說(shuō)但是真實(shí)的，在地震中人們死于倒落的家具和磚塊。35.befixedto…被固定到……36.betiedto…被綁在……必修I---Unit5I---VNelsonMandela—amodernhero一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.Agreatpersonisasomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifetohelpingothers.偉人是把自己的生命奉獻(xiàn)給幫助別人的人。（Hestartedtostudyecologyanddecidedtodevotehiswholelifetothescience.他開(kāi)始研究生態(tài)學(xué)，并決心將他的一生獻(xiàn)身于這門科學(xué)。Hedevotedhimselfentirelytomusic.他將一生奉獻(xiàn)給了音樂(lè)。）2.fightagainst對(duì)抗，反對(duì)，與……作斗爭(zhēng)Weareallbrothersinthesamefightagainstinjustice.在共同反對(duì)非正義行為的斗爭(zhēng)中,我們都是同志.Peopleoftenhavetofightfortheirliberty.人們往往不得不為自由而戰(zhàn)。Heandhiswifearealwaysfightingaboutwhowilltakeafterthechildren.他與他妻子總是在為由誰(shuí)來(lái)照看孩子而吵架。3.HeworkedselflesslyinChinaasadoctorandsavedmanyChinesesoldiers.作為一個(gè)醫(yī)生他無(wú)私地在中國(guó)工作，并且拯救了很多中國(guó)戰(zhàn)士。4.Hestronglybelievedinthethreeprinciples:nationalism;people’srights;people’slivelihood.他主張三民主義：民主、民權(quán)、民生。5.befreefrom免于，不受Ajudgemustbefreefromprejudice.法官必須不抱成見(jiàn)。6.inapeacefulway以和平的方式7.beinprison入獄，在獄中服刑intheprison在監(jiān)獄8.thesame…as…和……一樣9.thefirstmantolandonthemoon第一個(gè)登上月球的人10.ThetimewhenIfirstmethimwasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.第一次見(jiàn)到他的時(shí)候是在我一生中非常艱難的時(shí)期。（定語(yǔ)從句）11.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.他十分慷慨地給予我時(shí)間，我為此非常感激。（Heisgenerouswithhismoney.他花錢大方。Iamgratefultoyouforhelpingme.感謝你的幫助。Ourgratefulthanksareduetoyou.我們衷心感謝你。）12.havelittleeducation受的教育少13.Icouldnotreadorwritewell.我既不會(huì)讀也不會(huì)寫。14.IworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.我擔(dān)心我是不是會(huì)失業(yè)。15.Ibecamemorehopefulaboutmyfuture.我對(duì)自己的未來(lái)充滿了希望。（Iamhopefulthatshewillcometomorrow.我對(duì)她明天要來(lái)抱著希望。）16.assoonasIcould盡快，馬上17.Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.（定語(yǔ)從句）過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。（The19thcenturysawmanychanges.許多變革發(fā)生于19世紀(jì)。atanearlystageinourhistory在我們的歷史早期）18.…wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.我們被置于這樣一個(gè)境地：要么我們被迫接受低人一等的現(xiàn)實(shí)，要么跟政府作斗爭(zhēng)。19.Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。（Only位于句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子采用部分倒裝的語(yǔ)序；修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只有主句采用部分倒裝的語(yǔ)序。如：①Onlyinthiswaycanyoucomeupwithasolutiontotheproblem.只有這樣，你才能想出解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法。②Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.叫了三次他才來(lái)參加會(huì)議。③Onlywhenheisseriouslyilldoesheeverstayinbed.病的很重時(shí)，他才臥床休息。OnlythendidIrealizemymistake.直到那時(shí)我才知道我的錯(cuò)誤.）20.asamatteroffact事實(shí)上（Asamatteroffact，itishealththatcounts.事實(shí)上，健康才是最重要的。Asamatteroffact,parentsdon’twanttheirchildrentobeintrouble.事實(shí)上，父母都不希望子女有麻煩。）21.In1963,Ihelpedhimblowupsomegovernmentbuildings.在1963年，我?guī)椭Я艘恍┱髽?。（Canyoulendmeapumptoblowupmybicycletyres?你能借給我個(gè)打氣筒給車胎打打氣嗎?Thenitturnedoutthatsomestars,likeourownsunwillblowuponeday.然后，事實(shí)上有些恒星，就像我們自己的太陽(yáng)，有朝一日會(huì)爆炸。）22.…Iknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.……我知道這是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的黑人和白人平等的夢(mèng)想。23.introuble處于困境遇到麻煩??Doasyou'retold,otherwiseyou'llbeintrouble.叫你怎麼做就怎麼做,否則有麻煩.24.bewillingtodosth.愿意，樂(lè)于Onlyveryfewpeoplewouldbewillingtosharewithhimtheiropinions.很少有人愿意跟他分享他們的見(jiàn)解。25.Whatwashisattitudetowardstheunfairsituationblackpeoplefaced?他對(duì)黑人面臨的不公平處境什么態(tài)度？26.turnto變成；求助于，借助于,翻到，轉(zhuǎn)向??Shehadnoonetoturntoforadvice.她沒(méi)有一個(gè)可以商量的人。WhocanIturntoinmyhourofneed?在我需要的時(shí)候我能向誰(shuí)求助呢？Astheywereoutofwork,??MrandMrsBlackhadtoturntotheirrelativesforhelp.布萊克夫婦由于失業(yè)，不得不向親戚求幫助。27.…thequalityoflifeforblackpeoplegotworse.……黑人的生活質(zhì)量更糟糕。28….manypeopleremembermeasoneofthefirstactiveblackfightersforhumanrights很多人認(rèn)為我是為人權(quán)而戰(zhàn)的第一批積極的黑人戰(zhàn)士之一。29.loseheart灰心;泄氣,喪失勇氣,失去信心Difficultieswereincreasing.Eventhenwedidnotloseheart.盡管困難在增加，但我們毫不灰心。Youwillsucceedsoonerorlaterwhileyoudon'tloseheart.只要你不失去信心，你遲早會(huì)成功。Ifyoufail,youshouldnotloseheartbutjustkeepongoing.如果你失敗了，你也不該灰心。30.escapefrom逃脫，逃離，從……逃出Helistenstomusicasanescapefromthepressuresofwork.他聽(tīng)音樂(lè)以緩解一下工作的壓力.Hestayedinthebackgroundtoescapefromthepublicattention.他呆在幕后為了避開(kāi)公眾的注意。Thecouplehadanarrowescapefromthefire.這對(duì)夫妻從火災(zāi)中死里逃生。31.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningswhenweshouldhavebeenasleep.在午餐的休息時(shí)間和晚上我們本應(yīng)該睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候他教授我們。shouldhavedone本應(yīng)做而未做needn’thavedone本不應(yīng)做而做了can’thavedone過(guò)去不可能做過(guò)32.Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestoppedfromstudyingfortheirdegrees.他說(shuō)他們不應(yīng)該被剝奪通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)獲得學(xué)位的權(quán)利。33.…buttheydidpasstheirexams.但是他們確實(shí)通過(guò)了考試。34.Thatmademefeelgoodaboutmyself.這讓我覺(jué)得自己還不錯(cuò)。35.bebettereducated受到良好教育36.Ididn’tworkagainfortwentyyearsuntiltheANCcametopowerin1994.在非國(guó)大于1994年執(zhí)政之前，我有20年沒(méi)有工作。（AfterMandelacametopowerandbecamepresident,hisgovernmentdidtheirbesttochangetheunfairsituationforblackpeople.曼德勒掌權(quán)成為總統(tǒng)后，他的政府盡力為黑人改變不平等的狀況。）37.Alltheterrorandfearofthattimecamebacktome.我回憶起那時(shí)的所有的恐怖和令人畏懼的情景。Aftertheattack,hereyesfilledwithterroreverytimewhenshesawadog.自從遭遇襲擊之后，她每次看見(jiàn)狗，眼睛里都滿是恐懼。38.beproudtodosth.I'llbeproudtobepartofit我會(huì)以成為其中一份子而自豪。beproudofsthYoushouldbeproudofwhatyouhaveachieved.你們應(yīng)當(dāng)為自己所取得的成績(jī)而自豪。39.setup創(chuàng)立，建立，為…作準(zhǔn)備；豎立，架起，建造；開(kāi)業(yè)，開(kāi)始經(jīng)商Thecompanywassetuptenyearsago.公司是十年前建立的。Heplanstosetuphisownbusiness.他決定自己做生意。Hebeggedmetolethimjointheclubwehavejustsetup.他懇求我讓他加入我們剛建立的俱樂(lè)部。40.besentencedto…被判處……Hesuggestedthatthemurdererreferredtobesentencedtodeathatonce.他建議所涉及到的殺人兇手立刻被判處死刑。Robertwassentencedtothreeyearsinprisonforstealingandreleasedamonthago.羅伯特因偷竊被判處三年監(jiān)禁，于一個(gè)月前被釋放。41.Doyouhaveanythoughtsonthat?你認(rèn)為那怎么樣？42.tomyunderstanding按我的理解43.Hewasinpoorhealthinhisyouthsohehadtobeeducatedathome.他年輕時(shí)身體不好，所有只得在家接受教育。44.beacceptedby…被……錄取、接受45.givefreemed