初中英語時態(tài)教案

初中英語時態(tài)講解一、一般現(xiàn)在時：（一）定義：表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，或存在的狀態(tài)，還表示主語具備的性格和能力及客觀真理。Igetupat6:30inthemorning.Sheisathome.(二)構成：主要用動詞原形表示，當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，在動詞詞尾加s/es。(三)句型1、肯定句：主語謂語其他。ShereadsEnglisheveryday.2、否定句：主語+don’t/doesn語t+其他。Hedoesn’tgetupat6:30inthemorning.3、一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語+V原+其他？DoyoulikeEnglish?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+do/does+主語+V原+其他？Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?Wheredoesyourfatherwork?（三）用法、表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，或存在的狀態(tài)，帶與表示頻率的時間狀語如：often,sometimes,usually，always,everydayyear，month,once/twiceaweek(month,year,etc.),seldom等連用。-1-Ileavehomeforschoolatseveneverymorning.、表示客觀真理，科學事實、格言警句。Thesunrisesintheeast.出東方。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.球繞著太陽轉。Tenminustwoiseight.十減二等于八。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.的速度比聲音的速度快。TheUnitedStatesliesbythewestcoastofthePacificOcean.美國位于太平洋西岸。、根據(jù)英文語法規(guī)定，當主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時，那么時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。I'lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.他回來時，我將告訴他這個消息。Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we’llhaveameeting.4、僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了"描述現(xiàn)階段的動作或狀態(tài)"，其重點"不是強調動作發(fā)生的時間、或進行的狀態(tài)"。例如：Hecanspeakfiveforeignlanguages.能說五種外語。Thatisabeautifulcity那是座美麗的城市。ChangjiangRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.長江是世界上最長的河流之一。Shemajorsinmusic她主修音樂。-2-Allmyfamilylovefootball.我全家人都喜歡足球。Mysisterisalwaysreadytohelpothers.我妹妹總是樂于助人。（四）動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則1、一般情況下，動詞后直接加-s;如：help-helps,clean-cleans,give-gives等。、以，x，ch，sh或o結尾的動詞，在詞尾加-es;如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。、以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加-es;如：study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等。、動詞have遇在主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，have改為has，如：Hehasaninterestingbook.、動詞be遇有主語是第一人稱單數(shù)時，be改為am，遇有主語是第二人稱時，be改為are，遇有主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，be改為is即學即練給出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)talk______forget________hope______stop______write_______perform_________play______say______buy______worry______fly______study_______like_______make______take______love_____recite_______become________come______drive_______shine_______用所給詞的正確形式填空He______(be)ateacheratNo.2MiddleSchool.He______(have)classesintheafternoon.-3-He______(get)upathalfpastsixeverymorning.Healways_____(come)toschoolontime.He______(study)veryhardathislesson.Oneandtwo_____(be)three.Blueandyellow_____(make)green.Theearth_____(move)roundthesun.IwillgothereifI____(be)freetomorrow.IwillgotherewhenI_____(have)timetomorrow.Hewon’tcometothepartyunlesshe_____(be)invited.I’llwaithereuntilmymother____(come)back.Pleasereturnthebooktothelibraryassoonasyou______(finish)readingit.Onceyou_____(see)him,youwillneverforgethim按要求完成句子Shehasalotofworktodothisweek.(為一般疑問句)_____________________WehaveabigTVsetinourhouse.(為否定句)_____________________DoesshehaveanyEnglish-Chinesedictionary?(否定回答)_____________________Wehavesomenice.(語改為he)_____________________-4-Annhasa(一般疑問句)_____________________Doyouoftenplayfootballafterschool?(肯定回答)GaoShanssisterlikes.改為否定句）二、一般過去時（一）概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。（二）結構：一般過去時用動詞的過去式表示?；窘Y構否定句一般疑問句Be動詞was/were+notwas或were提前，放于句首行為動詞didn’t+do動詞原形）Did+主語（動詞原形）（三）句式1、肯定句：主語動詞過去式+其他。IwasinBeijingyesterday.Iwenttothebeachyesterday.2、否定句：主語+wasn’或weren’其t+他。主語+didn’t+V其他。Iwasn’tinBeijingyesterday.-5-Ididn’tgotothebeachyesterday.3、一般疑問句：was/were+主語+V原其他？Did+主語+V原+其他？WereyouinBeijingyesterday?Didyougotothebeachyesterday?4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語其他？特殊疑問詞+did+主語+V原其他？Wherewereyouyesterday?/Wheredidyougoyesterday?（三）用法1或常與明確的時間狀語連用，如：yesterday,lastweek(month,year?),?ago,theotherday,justnow,attheageof,in980Attheageoften,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.2，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplaythefootballinthestreet.3、在時間、條件狀語從句中，常用一般過去時態(tài)Hesaidhewouldn’tgoifitrained.（四）動詞過去式的規(guī)則變化一加ed，二加d，三要雙寫，四注意，y變ied，特殊形式特殊記。規(guī)則動詞的過去式變如：-6-一般情況下，動詞詞尾加-ed，如：look-lookedplay-playedwork-worked以不發(fā)音的-e結尾動詞，動詞詞尾加-d，如：hope-hopedlive-livedmove-movedhope-hoped以輔音字母+y結尾的動詞，把-y變?yōu)?i再加-ed，如：study-studiedtry-triedcry-criedworry-worried以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stoppedbeg-beggedplan-planneddrop-dropped即學即練將下列動詞變?yōu)檫^去式esay17.see18.put19.eat20.take21.read用所給詞的正確形式填空He____(be)hereamomentago.They____(be)herejustnow.Thescientists_____(leave)forAmericayesterday.Lastweekwe______(visit)theScienceMuseum.WhenIwasachild,Ioften____(play)football.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroomassoonasthebell____(ring)-7-根據(jù)要求改寫下列句子、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.（改否定句）Lucy______________herhomeworkathome.、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge.變一般疑問句)______he___________meatinthefridge?、Shestayedthereforaweek.對劃線部分提問）_________________she_____there?、Therewassomeorangeinthecup.變一般疑問句)_____there_____orangeinthecup?、Theyhadameeting(為一般疑問句)theyameetingyesterday?、MrsBlackdoessomecleaningeverySunday.(為一般疑問句)MrsBlacksomecleaningeverySunday?、MybrotherwenttoShanghaithreedaysago.向劃線部分提問）yourbrother__________threedaysago?-8-三、一般將來時（一）概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。TherewillbeanEnglishpartynextSaturday.Wewillcometoseeyoutomorrow.（二）結構、由will+動詞原形構成，其will適用于各種人稱，與主語連在一起時，常?？s為ll變否定句時，只需在will后加，可縮為won’will需提前，構成will+主語+動詞原形的結構。Hewillarriveherethisevening他今晚抵達這里。、shall+動詞原形（常用于主語為第一人稱）Ishall/willnotbefreetomorrow.我明天沒空。、begoingto+動詞原形（打算、準備做某事）HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.他打算在倫敦度假。（三）用法、表示在將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀語，tomorrow,nextday（week，month，yearthisevening(weekend?),inthefuture,inafewaftertomorrow,bysoon等連用。IwillpayavisittoShanghainextweek.Ihopeyouwon’tbelatenexttime.、當主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，在after,when,while,assoonas,if,unless等引導的時間或條件句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。-9-I’lldoitbetteriftheteachergivesmeanother即學即練Shewillbebackinthreedays.Theyaregoingtocleantheirclassroom.用所給詞的正確形式填空Mary'sbirthdayisnextMonday,hermother_____giveherapresent.Itisverycoldthesedays.It______（snow）soon.-_____you_____（be）herethisSaturday?-No.I（visit）myteacher.-______I______（get）youacopyoftoday'snewspaper?-Thankyou.Iamafraidthere______beameetingthisafternoon.Ican'tjoinyou.Mike______（believe,notthisuntilhe_seeitwithhisowneyes.Mostofusdon'tthinktheirteam______（win）.四、過去將來時-10-（一）概念：表示過去的某時以后將要發(fā)生的動作。但這個"將來"時間絕不會延伸到“現(xiàn)在”；而僅限于“過去時間區(qū)域內”。（二）結構“would+動詞原形“was/were+goingto+動詞原形發(fā)生的事。come，go，leave，，start等動詞可用過去進行時代替過去將來時。即學即練ItoldmyfriendthatI____(arrive)soon.Theylookedatthosecloudsoverthesky.It____(rain)Theysaidthatthey____(meet)atthegatethenextday.We_____(go)outwhenitstartedtorain.MissZhangsaidshe____________(visit)theGreatWallnextsummer.Shetoldhimthatshe________________(notstay)hereforlong.五、現(xiàn)在進行時（一）結構由Be(am／is／are)＋動詞—ing構成。（二）用法、表示說話時刻正在進行的動作及行為，或者包括說話時刻在內的一段時間正在進行的動作。常用時間狀語及標志詞：now(atthemoment),listen,look,thisweek,thisevening,thesedays等。-11-Listen,Someoneisplayingthepianointhenextroom.、表示一種漸進的過程。MyyoungerbrotherisbecomingmoreandmoreinsterestedinEnglish.、與always,allthetime,forever等連用，表示說話人某種強烈的情感，如：贊許、批評；喜歡、厭惡等。例如：Heisalwaysthinkingofothers,notofhimself.（表示贊許）他總是為他人著想，而不為自己。Sheisoftendoingwellatschool.（表示滿意）她在學校學習挺不錯的。Areyoufeelingbettertoday?（表示親切）你今天覺得好一些嗎？Oneofmyroommatesisconstantlyleavingthingsabout.（表示不滿）我的一個室友老是亂扔東西。Somesellersareoftenknockingatourdoorandpromotingtheirproductstous.表示不喜歡）有些推銷員老是敲我家的門,向我們推銷他們的產(chǎn)品。、表示移位的動詞，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其現(xiàn)在進行時可表將來。SheisleavingforBeijingnextweak.Myfriendiscomingfordinner.（三）句型1、肯定句：主語+be(am／／are)＋動詞—ing+其他。Iamstudyingnow.-12-2、否定句：主語+be+not+動詞—ing+其他。Iamnotstudyingnow.3、一般疑問句：主語+動詞—ing+其他？Isshestudyingnow?Yes,sheis./No,she.’4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+Be+主語+動詞—ing+其他？Whatareyoudoingnow?（四）動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式構成的幾種方法：1、一般在動詞原形結尾直接加-ing。read-reading，go-going，visit-visiting、以不發(fā)音字母e結尾的動詞，去e再加-ing。live-living,write-writing，make-making,take-taking3、以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞，雙寫這個字母再加-ing。sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,put-putting、少數(shù)幾個以ie結尾的動詞，變ie為y再加-ing。die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying即學即練寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play______run__________swim________make_______go________like________write_______read________have_______sing_______dance_______put______see_____buy______love__________come________get________stop________sit________begin________shop__________live______take_____-13-用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.Listen.Somegirls__________(sing)intheclassroom.Mymother____________(cook)somenicefoodnow.What_____you______(do)now?Look.They_____________(have)anEnglishlesson.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.Look!thegirls____________(dance)intheclassroom.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.It's5o'clocknow.We___________(have)suppernow______Helen__________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis六、過去進行時（一）結構：由was/were+動詞-ing構成。否定形式：主語+was/were+not+doing+其他一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。(第一個字母大寫）其句式變化仍然要在be上做文章。動作發(fā)生的特指時間常用一個短語或時間狀語從句來表明，如：atthistimeyesterday，at7:00yesterdaylastnight,fromseventonine,atthattime以when或while引導的時間狀語從句等。MyfamilywerewatchingTVatthistimeyesterday.-14-）以when引導的時間狀語從句中，從句動作，主句用過去進行時，表示一個動作發(fā)生時，另一個動作在進行。Whenhecalledme,Iwashavingdinner.（）以while引導的時間狀語從句中，從句與主句的動作在過去某一時刻同時進行，while常??的時候，同時TomwasdoinghishmeworkwhilehiesisterwaswatchingTV.即學即---用所給單詞的適當形I_____(cook)breakfastwhenyouarrived.What____you_____(do)atthistimeyesterdayevening?We_____(have)dinnerwhenthedoorbellrang.While/When/Aswe____(have)dinner,thedoorbellrang.They_____(notmake)amodelshipwhenIsawhim._____they____(have)ameetingat4yesterdayafternoon?No,they_____.They_____(clean)theclassroom.She_____(make)herdressthewholeafternoonHeaskedmeifI______(go)fishingthatafternoon.Inaletter,johntoldusthathe_____(come)tochinanextmonth.I_____(have)mybreakfastathalfpastsixyesterdaymorning.七、現(xiàn)在完成時（一）含義現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀，但-15-其結果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。e.g.Ihavelostmywallet.含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了。)Janehaslaidthetable.(義是：已可以吃飯了。)Michaelhasbeenill.(含義是：現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱。)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(義是：現(xiàn)在已在此地)（二）結構助動詞have/has+動詞過去分詞，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他人稱用have。（三）句型1、肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞+其他。IhavestudiedEnglishfor5years.2、否定句：主語+have/has+not動詞過去分詞+其他。We’tbeenthere.3、一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語動詞過去分詞其他？Hasheeatenthatapple?4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？（四）用法1持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況,常與for,since連用。e.g.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.-16-Ihavelivedheresince1998.2、現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,lately等：e.g.Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven’tseenmuchof(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?3、現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用，如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion：e.g.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?IhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.4、現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內的時間狀語連用，如now,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,thismorning/week/month/year,now,just,today,uptopresent,sofar。e.g.Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.Therehasbeetoomuchrainthisyear.Therelationsbetweenushavebeenenhancedinthepastfewyears.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.5、現(xiàn)在完成時表示現(xiàn)在之前就已完成的動作,雖然其效果或影-17-響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù),但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時的句子，在后面加上for+一段時間，則現(xiàn)在完成時的動作就表示延續(xù)性。e.g.ThomashasstudiedRussian.(在不再學俄語)ThomashasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.(=ThomasbegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.)6內重復發(fā)生的動作。e.g.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.現(xiàn)在完成時中的時間狀語：★already通常用于肯定句中，意為,be動詞、助動詞之后。有時可放在疑問句句尾，表示驚訝。例如：Wehavealreadycleanedtheclassroom.Haveyoufinisheditalready？★yet用于疑問句中表示(沒)例如：—Hashefoundhiswatchyet他還沒找到他的表嗎？—No,notyet.是,還沒有?！飁ver意為去分詞之間，表示從過去到目前為止的時間。例如：Haveyoueverbeenthere？你曾經(jīng)去過那里嗎？Nothinghaseverhappenedhere.這里未曾發(fā)生過什么事?！飊ever意為”是否定副詞，在句中位于助-18-動詞和過去分詞之間。ever與否定詞not連用相當于never。例如：Ihaven’teverspokentoher.=Ihaveneverspokentoher.我從未跟她講過話?！飆ust,用于現(xiàn)在完成時,表示行為剛剛過去,位于助動詞與過去分詞之間。例如：Hehasjustcomebackfromschool.剛從學校回來。★justnow表示過去某時,用于一般過去時,位于句首或句尾均可。例如：Hecamefromschooljust.剛才從學校回來。★for和since的用法及區(qū)別。for與一段時間連用，since與時間點連用。注意：since后接過去時的時間狀語或過去時的句子。e.g.IhavebeentoShanghaitwicesince1970.Ihaven’tseenhersincesheleftShanghai.IsawPingPingsixyearsago.SinceIhaveneverseenher.★have/hasgoneto、have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別。have/hasgoneto去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,人還未回來have/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過,人已經(jīng)回來了have/hasbeenin已經(jīng)在,常與一段時間連用e.g.ShehasbeentoShanghaibefore.她以前曾去過上海。ShehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears.她在上海10年了。HashegonetoQingdao?他去青島了嗎？-19-但不能說HaveyougonetoQingdao?非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞在時間上沒有延續(xù)性，這些動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。但是，非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，可與for/since等時間狀語連用。延續(xù)性語境中的非延續(xù)性動詞的使用在具體的語言環(huán)境中，往往會出現(xiàn)非延續(xù)性動詞與時間段相連用的情況。由于受漢語影響，往往錯誤地直譯為：Hehasfallenasleepforan他睡了一小時了。（×）Hisfatherhasdiedforthreeyears.他父親去世三年了。（×）當出現(xiàn)這種情況時，我們往往采取以下解決方法：（）將非延續(xù)性動詞轉化為相應的狀態(tài)動詞。所謂狀態(tài)動詞就是指這一動作發(fā)生后接下來所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。如：Hehasbeenasleepforan.fall“入睡”為短暫動作，但beasleep“睡著”則為狀態(tài)動詞，可延續(xù)。）Hisfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears.die狀態(tài)可用“bedead”這種系表結構來描述，可延續(xù)。）（）常見的這種動詞的轉化有以下幾類：gothere—betherecomeback—bebackborrow—keepbuy/catch—have—beinbegin—beon,open—beopenclose—becloseddie—bedead-20-—beawayfromgetup—beupfallasleep—beasleepbecome—bejoin—bein/amemberofreceive—havecatch/getacold—haveacoldgetmarried—bemarriedcome→beinfinish→beoverleaver→beaway即學即練技巧尋找現(xiàn)在完成時中的(1)現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),多和表示一段時間的狀語連用:for+一段時間;since+點時間(since作連詞后接從句時該從句要用一般過去時)。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)也用在含有during/in/overthelast或inrecentyears等的句子中。TheOrientalPearlTVTower_______tensofthousandsofvisitorssince1995.A.attractedB.attractsC.hasattractedD.willattract—Howlong_______you_____here?—Forabouttwoyearssofar.A.have,studiedB.did,liveC.do,stayD.were,swimming—Howisyourfather?I__himforalongtime.—Heisfine,butbusy.-21-A.don’tseeB.hadn’tseenC.didn’tseeD.haven’tseenMeimeihasreceivedseverallettersfromherhometownsinceshe_______tothecity.A.cameB.comesC.hascomeD.willcome技巧2:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時的副詞標志或句型。(1)在做時態(tài)題時注意觀察句中是否有常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的副詞:yet,already,never,lately,recently,ever,just,before,(ever)since。(2)句型:Ithasbeen+段時間+since+過去時.也可以表示為:Itis+段時間+since+過去時.—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?—I_______yet.A.haven’tdecidedB.won’tdecideC.havedecidedD.didn’tdecideMymother_______thewindowsalready,sotheroomlooksmuchbrighter.A.hascleanedB.hadcleanedC.iscleaningD.willcleanIt____tenyearssincewelast_____inBeijing.A.was,metB.hasbeen,metC.was,meetD.is,meet—Howlonghastheweatherbeenlikethis?—_______.A.UntillastnightB.Eversincelastnight-22-C.TwodaysagoD.Twodayslater技巧3:把握havebeento與havegoneto的區(qū)別。—IsthatJackspeaking?—Sorry,heisn’tinrightnow.Heawithhisaunt.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.havebeentoD.havegoneto—Hello,mayIspeaktoyourfather,please?—Sorry,myfather_______toShanghai.Hewenttherethismorning.A.goesB.hasgoneC.hasbeenD.go—Howmanytimes_______you_______toBeijingthisyear?—Threetimes.A.have,beenB.had,beenC.have,goneD.hadgone技巧分清延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作可以持續(xù)的動詞。如:have,keep,study,live,teach等。非延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作瞬間完成的動詞。如:begin,buy,borrow,lend等。做題時,要注意句中是否有段時間,如果有則用延續(xù)性動詞?！狾h,Mrs.King,yourdresslooksnice.Isitnew?—No,I_______itsincetwoyearsago.A.hadB.boughtC.havehadD.havebought-23-Tom_______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad—Howlonghastheforeigner_______here?—Hehas_______hereforseveralhours.A.arrived;comeB.come;gotC.stayed;beenD.left;beenawayThefilm_______forhalfanhour.A.hasbegunB.hasbeenbegunC.hasbeenonD.began八、過去完成時（一）過去完成時的念過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一事件前經(jīng)作或狀態(tài)，即過去的過去。圖示----|--------------------------|---------------------------|----------------------->過去完成過去現(xiàn)將來（二）構成、肯定句：主+had＋過去詞Whenwegotthere,thefootballmatchhadalreadystarted.、否定句：主+hadnot+過去詞Hehadn’tworkedfortwoyearsbythen.、疑問句：had+主+過去？Hadhefinishedtheworkbylastmonth?-24-（三）用法、過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作作或狀態(tài);句中常用by,before,until,when等詞引導的時間狀。Bythetimeshegotup,herbrotherhadalreadygoneintothebathroom.2、過去完成時的動詞還可以表示過去某一時刻作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或者持續(xù)去。如：Beforeheslept,hehadworkedfor12hours.3、在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓從句。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.4、在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.5bythetime?時為止的一段時間。Bythetimewegottohishouse,hehadfinishedsupper.6、表示意向的動詞,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,等,用過去完成時表示，未能?Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.即學即練We____(read)500storiesbytheendoflastterm.Hesaidthatthey____