2023年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust（）thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.問題1選項A.improveB.enhanceC.gearD.guarantee2.單選題Directions:Thereare15blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthistimedevotedmuchattentiontosuchmatters（1）naturalbeauty,thesublime,andrepresentation—atrendreflectingthecentralpositiontheyhadgiventothephilosophyofnature.（2）thattime,however,thephilosophyofarthasbecomeevermoreprominentandhasbegunto（3）thephilosophyofnature.Variousissuescentraltothephilosophyofarthavehada（4）impact（5）theorientationof20th-centuryaesthetics.（6）amongtheseareproblemsrelatingtothetheoryofartasformand（7）distinctionbetweenrepresentationandexpression.Stillanotherfar-reachingquestionhastodowiththevalueofart.Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions（8）onthisissue:oneholdsthatartanditsappreciationareameanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,（9）theothermaintainsthatartisintrinsicallyvaluableandisanendinitself.Underlyingthiswholeissueistheconceptoftaste,oneofthebasicconcernsofaesthetics.Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.Correspondingtothetrendincontemporaryaestheticthought,（10）havefollowedeitheroftwoapproaches.Inone,criticismisrestrictedtotheanalysisandinterpretationoftheworkofart.（11）itisdevotedtothearticulatingtheresponsetotheaestheticobjectandto（12）aparticularwayofperceivingit.Overtheyears,aestheticshasdevelopedintoabroadfieldofknowledgeandinquiry.Theconcernsofcontemporaryaestheticsincludesuch（13）problemsasthenatureofstyleanditsaestheticsignificance;therelationofaestheticjudgmenttoculture;theviabilityofahistoryofart;the（14）ofFreudianpsychologyandotherformsofpsychologicalstudytocriticism;andtheplaceofaestheticjudgmentinpractical（15）intheconductofeverydayaffairs.問題1選項A.forB.asC.toD.with問題2選項A.SinceB.ForC.AsD.In問題3選項A.plantB.supplantC.transplantD.replant問題4選項A.markingB.remarkingC.markedD.remarked問題5選項A.onB.forC.inD.to問題6選項A.ForebodingB.ForemostC.ForethoughtfulD.Foregone問題7選項A.atB.forC.toD.on問題8選項A.havebroughtB.havebeenbroughtC.havetakenD.havebeentaken問題9選項A.whereasB.whereinC.whereonD.wherefore問題10選項A.artistsB.writersC.criticsD.analysts問題11選項A.IntheothermannerB.IntheotherwayC.InanotherD.Intheother問題12選項A.justifyB.justifiedC.justifyingD.havingjustified問題13選項A.diverseB.dividedC.divineD.dividual問題14選項A.relianceB.reliabilityC.reliefD.relevancy問題15選項A.reasonB.reasonablenessC.reasoningD.reasonability3.單選題Thepolicemenwentintoaction（

）theyheardthealarm.問題1選項A.promptlyB.directlyC.quicklyD.presently4.單選題Iwish（

）thatmuchmoneylastmonth.問題1選項A.IhadnotspentB.didnotspentC.wouldnothavespentD.havenotspent5.單選題Thepolicemandeclaredthattheblowonthevictim'shead（

）frombehind.問題1選項A.shouldhavebeenmadeB.musthavebeenmadeC.wouldhavebeenmadeD.oughttohavebeenmade6.單選題Inordertorepairbarns,buildfences,growcrops,andcareforanimals,afarmermustindeedbe（

）.問題1選項A.restlessB.skilledC.strongD.versatile7.單選題Forsomecrimes,andundercertainconditions,apoliceofficermustobtainacourtordercalled（）beforemakinganarrest.問題1選項A.warrantB.registryC.legislationD.battery8.單選題（）suchasawashingmachineandmicrowaveofferalotofconveniencetopeopleintheirhousework.問題1選項A.ApplicationsB.InstrumentsC.AppliancesD.Facilities9.單選題Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysicallandfeature,sortofarcticicefieldsandtropicaljunglescanbefoundwithinitsborders.Sharplycontrastingtypesoflandoftenlieveryclosetooneanother.PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.Inotherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthemorningandsurfingintheeveningofthesameday,withouthavingtotravellongdistance.ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).MountWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfromDeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonly100miles.Thetwoareashaveadifferenceinaltitudeofalmostthreemiles.Californiahasdeep,clearmountainlakeslikeLakeTahoe,thedeepestinthecountry,butitalsohasshallow,saltydesertlakes.IthasLakeTulainyo,12,020feetabovesealevel,andthelowestlakeinthecountry,theSaltonSea,236feetbelowsealevel.Someofitslakes,likeOwensLakeinDeathValley,arenotlakesatall:theyaredrieduplakebeds.Inadditiontomountains,lakes,valleys,deserts,andplateaus,CaliforniahasitsPacificcoastline,stretchinglongerthanthecoastlinesofOregonandWashingtoncombined.1.WhichofthefollowingisthelowestpointintheUnitedStates?2.WhereisthehighestpointintheUnitedStateslocated?3.HowfarawayisDeathValleyfromMountWhitney?4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasbeingwithinaradiusofabout100milesofBakersfield?5.WhichstatementbestdemonstratesthatCaliforniaisalandofvarietyandcontrast?問題1選項A.LakeTulainyoB.MojavedesertC.DeathValleyD.TheSaltonSea問題2選項A.LakeTahoeB.SierraNevadaC.MountWhitneyD.Alaska問題3選項A.about3milesB.Only100milesC.282feetD.14,494feet問題4選項A.ThePacificOcean.B.SanJoaquinValleyC.MojaveDesertD.OregonandWashington問題5選項A.ThehighestlakeinCaliforniaisLakeTulainyoB.ItispossibletogosurfingandsnowskiinginsomepartsofCaliforniawithouthavingtotravellongdistance.C.SierraNevada,SanJoaquinValley,MojaveDesertandPacificOceanallliewithinaradiusofabout100miles.D.OwensLake,inDeathValley,isnotreallyalakeatall.10.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15%)在團隊內(nèi)部建立友誼團隊的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者耍懂得如何利用友誼的力量來加強團隊合作。在正式的團體會議中，營造一種輕松、友好的氣氛非常重要。要努力創(chuàng)造一種氛圍使每個成員的發(fā)言都得到充分的尊重，讓每個人可以暢所欲言。想做到這一點，就要使隊員們盡量以朋友，而非同事的方式，來處理相互關(guān)系；鼓勵每個成員在工作、會議之外進行交談，多作接觸，在輕松的氣氛中自由地交換意見和看法。多安排社交活動，創(chuàng)造大家在工作之余聚會碰頭的機會，在取得成功時舉辦慶祝活動等，都有利于團隊成員之間建立真正的朋友關(guān)系，有利于團結(jié)團隊，使之成為一個整體。11.翻譯題A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.AccordingtothetraditionalChineselunarcalendar,we’llofficiallywelcometheYearoftheHorsefollowingthearrivalofSpringFestival.Thehorsehasplayedanimportantrotethroughouthumanhistoryallovertheworld.Horseswereusedforthousandsofyearsasameansoftransport,aweaponofwarandaplougheroffields,butthehorsewasmorethanjustavehicle—ithadmorecharacterthanacar,atankoratractor.IntheMiddleAgesinWesternsocieties,thehorsewasasymbolofchivalry（騎士精神）andnobility.Infact,theword‘‘chivalry’，coinesfrom“cheval”inOldFrench,whichmeanthorse.Theideaofchivalryhelpedtofashionthe19th-centuryconceptofthe“gentleman”，whichwasrelatedtocourtesy,courageandloyaltytofriends.Nowadays,becauseofeconomicdevelopment,peopleinModemsocietiesarelesslikelytoseeorridehorses.Peoplelivingincities,inparticular,hardlyeverexperiencehorsesexceptthroughmovies,paintingsorbooks.Besidestheirphysicalstrengths,horseshavepowerfulbrains.Maybethat’swhytheChineseidiomsays:“Anoldhorsenevergetslost”.Sincethehorseishonoredasasymbolofvigor,loyalty,persistenceandintelligence,peoplebomintheYearoftheHorsearesaidtosharesuchgoodqualities.B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.中國作為文明古國，同樣有著輝煌的城市發(fā)展史。中國的城市也具有自身特色。改革開放30多年來，中國工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化(urbanization)步伐明顯加快，城鎮(zhèn)居民從1.7億人增加到近7億人，形成了一批有重要影響與發(fā)展活力的城市群，促進了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進步。城市化對經(jīng)濟、社會、文化都有巨大而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。面向未來，中國致力于推動科學(xué)發(fā)展，加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式，把城鎮(zhèn)化作為現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重大戰(zhàn)略。12.單選題Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.問題1選項A.areB.isC.doD.does13.單選題Nowadays,acellphoneserviceisavailabletoeveryone,everywhere.Probablythousandsofpeoplehavealreadybeenusingit,butIjustdiscoveredit,soI'mgoingtoclaimitandalsonameit:FakeFoning.Thetechnologyhasbeenworkingwellformeattheoffice,butthereareinfiniteapplications.Virtuallyinanypublicspace.Sayyouworkatabiguniversitywithlotsoftalkyfacultymembersbuzzingabout.Now,sayyouneedtousetherestroom.Thetripdownthehallwilltakeapproximatelyonehour,becauseapersoncan’twalkintothosetalkypeoplewithoutgettingpulledasideforaquestion,abitofgossip,anewreadonacertainlineofParadiseLost.So,acellphone.Anycellphone.Justpickitup.Don'tdial.Justholdthatphonetoyourfaceandstarttalking.Walkconfidentlydownthehallengagedinfakeconversation,makingsuretotailorboththetopicandcontenttothepersonstandingbeforeyouwhomyouaretryingtoevade.Forstandardcolleagueavoidance,Isuggestfakechattingaboutfakebusiness:“Yes,I’mgladyoucalled,becausewereallyneedtohammeroutthedetails.What’sthat?Yes,IreadPage12,butifyoulookatthebottomof4,Ithinkyoucanseetheproblembeginsrightthere.”Beengagedinyourfakefoneconversation.Makeeyecontactwiththepeoplepassing,nodtothem,gesturekeeninterestintalkingtothematalatertime,pointtoyourphone,shrugandmoveon.Shoppersshouldconsiderfakefoninganytimetheyspotatalkyneighborintheproducedepartmentpinching(用手捏)unripepeaches.Withoutyourphoneatyourface,you'dbeinfora20-minutespeechonhowterribletheworldis.Oneimportantcautionaboutfakefoning.TheotherdayIwasfakefoningmywaypastacolleague,andhewasactuallyfollowingmetogetmyattention.IknewhewantedtoaskaboutaprojectIhadnotyetfinished.Iwastryingtobuymyselfsometime,soIcontinuedfakefoningwithmydoctor.“SoIdon’tneedtheoperation?Oh,doctor,thatisthebestnews.”Andthen:Brrrrrrng!Brrrrrmg!Brrrrrmg!Myphonestartedringing,righttherewhileitwasplantedonmyface.Mycolleaguelookedatme,andIathim,andnaturallyIgasped.“Whatisthematterwiththisthing?”Isaid,pullingthephoneawaytolookatit,andthenputtingitbacktomyear.“Hello?Areyoustillthere?”O(jiān)ops.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementisINCORRECT?2.Whatisfakingfoning?3.Intheauthor’sopinion,inordertomakefoninglookrealonehasto4.Whatdoesthelastexampleshow?5.Afterhisphonesuddenlybeganringing,theauthor問題1選項A.Cellphoneserviceispopularamongpeople.B.Fakefoningisanewcellphoneservice.C.Cellphonehasmuchuseinoffice.D.Fakefoningisanewdiscovery.問題2選項A.Adevicenewlyproduced.B.Astrategytoavoidpeople.C.Aserviceprovidedeverywhere.D.Askillofcommunication.問題3選項A.talkaboutinterestingmatters.B.holdthephonewhilewalking.C.appearabsorbedinconversation.D.behavepolitelytopeoplepassingby.問題4選項A.Onehastobecarefulwhilefakefoning.B.Oneeffectivewayistofakefoneone’sdoctor.C.Fakefoningmaynotdeceivepeople.D.Fakefoingisalwaysquitesuccessful.問題5選項A.immediatelystartedtalkingtothecaller.B.immediatelystartedtalkingtohiscolleague.C.putthephoneawayandstoppedtalking.D.continuedwithhisfakingconversation.14.單選題Overathirdofthepopulationwasestimatedtohaveno（）tothehealthservice問題1選項A.assessmentB.accessC.assignmentD.exception15.單選題Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.問題1選項A.deprivedB.robbedC.rejectedD.denied16.單選題Themanagerpromisedtokeepme（）ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.問題1選項A.tobeinformedB.oninformingC.informedD.informing17.單選題Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.Athunderstormstartswhenlow-lyingpocketsofwarmairfromthesurfaceoftheearthbegintorise.Thepocketofwarmairfloatupwardsthroughtheairabovethatisbothcoolerandheavier.Therisingpocketscoolastheirpressuredecreases,andtheirheatisreleasedabovethecondensationlinethroughtheformationofcumulusclouds.Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.Inwinter,theairtemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesisnotextremelygreat,andthetemperatureoftherisingairmassdropsmoreslowly.Insummer,however,whenthereisahighaccumulationofheatneartheearth’ssurface,indirectcontrasttotheconsiderablycolderairhigherup,thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter;whenthetemperaturedropsmorethanfourdegreesFahrenheitperthousandfeetofaltitude,cumuluscloudsaggregateintoasinglemassivecumulonimbuscloud,orthunderhead.Inisolation,asinglethunderstormisanimpressivebutfairlybenignwayforMotherEarthtodefusetrappedheatfromhersurface;thunderstorms,however,canappearinconcert,andtheresultingshow,whileextremelyimpressive,canalsoproveextraordinarilydestructive.Whenthereisalarge-scalecollisionbetweencoldairandwarmairmassesduringthesummermonths,asquallline,orseriesofthunderheads,maydevelop.Itiscommonforasqualllinetobeginwhenanadvancingcoldfrontmeetsupwithandforcesitselfunderalayerofwarmandmoistair,creatingalineofthunderstormsthatracesforwardatspeedsofapproximatelyfortymilesperhour.Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,isamagnificentforceofnaturewithincrediblepotentialfordestruction.Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.1.Thetopicofthepassageis（）.2.Theword"mechanism"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,insummer,（）.4.Choosethedrawingbelowthatmostcloselyresemblesasquallline.5.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageaboutsupercellsexceptthatthey（）.問題1選項A.thedevelopmentofthunderstormsandsqualllinesB.thedevastatingeffectsoftornadoes.C.CumulusandcumulonimbuscloudsD.thepoweroftornados問題2選項A.machinesB.motionsC.methodsD.materials問題3選項A.thereisnotagreattemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudes.B.thegreatertemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesmakesthunderstormsmorelikelytooccur.C.thereisnotmuchcoldairwhichdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.D.thetemperatureofrisingairdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.問題4選項A.B.C.D.問題5選項A.areofshortduration.B.havecirclingwinds.C.haveextraordinarypower.D.cangivebirthtotornadoes.18.單選題Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.問題1選項A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligibleB.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesocietyC.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesocietyD.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly問題2選項A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobsB.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlifeC.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceD.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence問題3選項A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworldB.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatusC.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitorsD.whoareatthebottomofthesociety問題4選項A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestorsB.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployeesC.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialitiesD.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted問題5選項A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.susceptibility19.單選題ThisAfricancountryhasbeen（）bycivilwar,famineandfloodfordecades.問題1選項A.afflictedB.conflictedC.despairedD.inclined20.單選題Theyaretryingto（

）thewastedischargedbythefactoryforprofit.問題1選項A.exposeB.exhaustC.exhibitD.exploit第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項improve“改善，增加”；B選項enhance“提高，加強”；C選項gear“使...適合”，后面通常接介詞to；D選項guarantee“擔(dān)保，保證”。句意：為了在國家間激烈的貿(mào)易競爭中生存，我們必須使我們生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和種類適應(yīng)世界市場的需求。選項C更符合語境。2.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:B第4題:C第5題:A第6題:B第7題:C第8題:D第9題:A第10題:C第11題:D第12題:C第13題:A第14題:D第15題:C【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)原文句意：這一時期的西方哲學(xué)家和批評家們把大量的注意力放在了諸如自然美、崇高和表現(xiàn)等問題上。suchas意為“諸如，比如”。選項B符合句意。2.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：然而，從那時起，藝術(shù)哲學(xué)變得更加突出...。since意為“自...以后”符合語境，所以選項A正確。3.形近詞辨析題。A選項plant“種植，栽培”；B選項supplant“代替，排擠掉”；C選項transplant“移植”；D選項replant“移居”。由關(guān)鍵詞“and”前面的內(nèi)容可知，后面應(yīng)該是指4.藝術(shù)哲學(xué)取代自然哲學(xué)。選項B正確。5.形近詞辨析題。A選項marking“標(biāo)記的”；B選項remarking“評論”；C選項marked“顯著的”；D選項remarked“評論，察覺”。句意：藝術(shù)哲學(xué)的各種核心問題對20世紀(jì)的美學(xué)方向產(chǎn)生了顯著的影響。選項C符合原文句意。6.考查固定搭配。haveanimpactonsth.為固定介詞搭配，所以選項A正確。7.形近詞辨析題。A選項Foreboding“預(yù)感的，不祥之兆的”；B選項Foremost“最重要的，居于首位的”；C選項Forethoughtful“深謀遠(yuǎn)慮的，有先見之明的”；D選項Foregone“過去的，先前的”。根據(jù)下一句“Stillanotherfar-reachingquestion...”可知，填空處所填單詞應(yīng)和“far-reaching”相對應(yīng)。句意：在這些問題中，最重要的是有關(guān)藝術(shù)作為形式的理論...。選項B更符合原文語境。8.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是由and連接的兩個并列句，and后面實際上省略了“relation”，所以后面的介詞應(yīng)該填入“to”，選項C正確。9.考查語法時態(tài)。根據(jù)下文“oneholdsthat...”可推測，填空處應(yīng)表示：在這個問題上，采取了兩種對立的理論立場。由此可排除選A和B；再分析句子可知，這里的主語是“Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions”，所以應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，選項D符合原文。10.考查邏輯連詞。A選項whereas“然而”；B選項wherein“在其中，在何處”；C選項whereon“在那上面”；D選項wherefore“因此”。根據(jù)句意：一種立場認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)以及對藝術(shù)的欣賞是實現(xiàn)某些公認(rèn)的道德行為的一種手段，另一種觀點則認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)本身就具有價值，這也是它自身的目的。這是兩種相反的觀念，所以選項A符合原文語境。11.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文“Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.近年來，人們也越來越專注于把藝術(shù)作為批判性判斷的主要對象。”根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“criticaljudgment”以及下文的關(guān)鍵詞“criticism”可知，填空處應(yīng)填入批評家。選項C符合原文。12.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文的“Inone”，可知填空處應(yīng)填入“Intheother”，都是省略了approach這個單詞，所以選項D正確?？疾椴⒘薪Y(jié)構(gòu)。這里是由and連接的兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，前面句子的謂語動詞是“articulating”，所以填空處也應(yīng)該使用動詞的-ing形式。選項C正確，選項D是完成時態(tài)，不符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語境。13.形近詞辨析題。A選項diverse“多種多樣的”；B選項divided“分裂的，分開的”；C選項divine“神圣的，天賜的”；D選項dividual“分開的，獨特的”。句意：當(dāng)代美學(xué)關(guān)注的問題包括風(fēng)格的本質(zhì)及其美學(xué)意義等多方面的問題。選項A符合原文句意。14.形近詞辨析題。A選項reliance“信賴，信心”；B選項reliability“可靠性”；C選項relief“救濟，減輕，解除”；D選項relevancy“關(guān)聯(lián)，恰當(dāng)”。句意：審美與文化的關(guān)系；藝術(shù)歷史的可行性；弗洛伊德心理學(xué)和其他形式的心理學(xué)研究與批評的關(guān)聯(lián)性...。選項D更符合語境。15.形近詞辨析題。A選項reason“原因”；B選項reasonableness“合理，妥當(dāng)”；C選項reasoning“推理，論證”；D選項reasonability“合理性”。根據(jù)句意：...以及審美判斷在日常事務(wù)的實踐推理中的地位。選項C符合原文語境。3.【答案】B【解析】句意:警察一聽到警報就馬上行動了起來。語法題?？疾檫B詞。分析題干可知,此處需填入連詞連接前后句子。只有B項directly能夠作連詞，表示“一…就…”。4.【答案】A【解析】考察虛擬語氣。根據(jù)lastmonth可知此處是與過去事實相反的情況，因此wish后面要用過完完成時態(tài)。選項A符合題意。句意：我希望我上個月沒花這么多錢。5.【答案】B【解析】考查語法中情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法。A項shouldhavedone表示“本該做某事（其實沒做）”；B項musthavedone表示“—定做了某事”；C項wouldhavedone表示“將會做某事”，常用于表達虛擬語氣；D項oughttohavedone表示“本該做某事”，比shouldhavedone語氣強，意思為根據(jù)責(zé)任或者義務(wù)應(yīng)該做。句意：警察宣稱受害者頭上的傷一定是從后面猛擊造成的。故本題正確答案為B項。6.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。restless“坐立不安的，不耐煩的”；skilled“有技能的，熟練的”；strong“強壯的，強健的”；versatile“多才多藝的，多用途的”。句意：為了修繕谷倉、建立柵欄、種植莊稼以及飼養(yǎng)牲畜，事實上，農(nóng)民必須是多才多藝的。根據(jù)句意可知，農(nóng)民應(yīng)該是多才多藝的，故答案選D。7.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項warrant表示“根據(jù)，證明，正當(dāng)理由”；B選項registry表示“注冊，登記”；C選項legislation表示“立法”；D選項battery表示“電池；（法）毆打；炮臺”。由句中acourtorder“一種法院命令”以及關(guān)鍵信息beforemakinganarrest“在實施逮捕之前”可知，這是空缺處應(yīng)該是指逮捕罪犯的證明或者逮捕令。因此，本題正確答案為A項。【句意】對于某些犯罪，在一定條件下，警察在實施逮捕之前必須獲得法院的命令，也就是逮捕令。8.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項application表示“應(yīng)用；申請；應(yīng)用程序”；B選項instrument表示“儀器；工具；樂器；手段；器械”；C選項appliance表示“裝置；器具，器械（尤指家用電器）”；D選項facility表示“設(shè)備，工具；容易；靈巧；才能；天賦”。根據(jù)awashingmachineandmicrowave（洗衣機和微波爐）可知，句意是指家用電器為人們在家務(wù)上提供了很多方便。因此，本題的正確答案為C項。9.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:B第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干中的thelowestpoint可以定位在文章描述海拔高度的部分。由文章第三段中的...DeathVolley,282feetbelowsealevel...“死亡谷，低于海平面282英尺?！钡谌翁岬搅嗣绹淖罡唿c和最低點。故C項符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。同樣根據(jù)題干定位在文章第三段中的ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).“(除了阿拉斯加州之外)美國的最商點就在加利福尼亞，并且(包括阿拉斯加州在內(nèi))美國的最低點也在加利福尼亞?！庇纱丝梢酝茢喑觯绹鴮嶋H最高點應(yīng)該在阿拉斯加州，因此答案選D。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以將答案定位在文章第三段中的MountWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfromDeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonly100miles.“海拔14,494英尺的惠特尼山與海拔282英尺的死亡谷僅相距100英里?！庇纱诉x項B“僅僅100英里”正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干withinaradiusofabout100milesofBakersfield可以將答案定位在文章第二段第一句話PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.“例如，生活在貝克斯菲爾德的人們可以游覽太平洋和沿海平原，肥沃的圣華金山谷，干旱的莫哈韋沙漠，以及高海拔的內(nèi)華達山脈，所有這些都在100英里的范圍內(nèi)。由此可知，只有D項沒有提及，故答案為D。5.判斷推理題。四個選項的信息均在文章中有所提及且表述正確，但最能體現(xiàn)加利福尼亞地貌多樣性且差異巨大的為選項C“內(nèi)華達山脈、圣華金河谷、莫哈韋沙漠和太平洋均在100英里的半徑范圍內(nèi)”。故C項符合題意。10.【答案】BuildFriendshipinaTeamTeamleadershouldknowhowtoenhanceteamworkbyusingthepoweroffriendship.Inaformalgroupmeeting,effortsshouldbemadetobuildapleasantandfriendlyatmosphereinwhicheachmember’sspeechisfullyrespectedandeveryonecanspeakfreely.Inordertodothis,theteammembershouldberegardedasfriendsnotcolleagues,andmoreover,eachofthemshouldbeencouragedtocommunicateandcontactafterworkandmeetingandexchangeviewsinacomfortableatmosphere.Organizingsocialevents,creatingopportunitiesforpeopletomeetoutsideofoffice,andholdingcelebrationstocelebratesuccesshelptobuildtruefriendshipandunitetheteamasawhole.

11.【答案】A.按照中國農(nóng)歷，隨著春節(jié)的到來，我們將正式迎來馬年。在世界各國，馬在人類歷史上都扮演著舉足輕重的角色。數(shù)千年來，馬被用作運輸工具、戰(zhàn)爭武器以及犁地農(nóng)具。但其實，馬不僅僅是一種交通工具，其地位要遠(yuǎn)超汽車、坦克和拖拉機。在中世紀(jì)的西方社會，馬是騎士精神和貴族的象征。實際上，騎士精神chivalry—詞來源于古法語中的“馬(cheval)”。在騎士精祌的推動下，19世紀(jì)代表禮貌、勇氣和真誠的“紳士粘祌”成為一種風(fēng)尚。如今，隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代社會的人很少看到馬或騎馬。尤其是城市中的人們，除了通過電影、繪畫和書籍，幾乎沒有接觸過馬。馬除了健壯的體魄外，還擁有強大的頭腦，這或許就是成語“老馬識途”的由來吧。馬是活力、忠誠、毅力和智慧的象征，因此傳說屬馬之人也具備這些優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。B.China,acountrywithanancientcivilization,alsohasaproudhistoryofurbandevelopment.Chinesecitiesarealsouniqueintheirownways.Sincethelaunchingofreformandopening-upprogramover30yearsago,Chinahasquickenedthepaceofindustrializationandurbanization,withurbanpopulationincreasingfrom170milliontosome700million.Theemergenceofanumberofcityclusterswithstronginfluenceanddynamismfordevelopmenthasboostedeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Urbanizationhasatremendousandprofoundimpactoneconomy,societyandculture.Goingforward,Chinawillpursuedevelopmentinascientificway,accelerateshiftofthegrowthmodelandtakeurbanizationasanimportantstrategyforpromotingmodernization.12.【答案】B【解析】考查謂語動詞。glad為形容詞，表示“高興的，樂意的”，需與be動詞搭配，故排除C、D選項。studentsandteachersalike為插入語，是對主語everybody的解釋說明，不影響謂語動詞的選擇，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)選用is，故本題正確答案為B選項。13.【答案】第1題:B第2題:B第3題:C第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.推理判斷題。本題要找出說法錯誤的選項，可采用排除法。文章第一句提到任何人在任何地方都可以使用手機服務(wù)，因此選項A“手機服務(wù)對人們來說很普遍”正確。B選項說fakefoning是一項新的手機服務(wù)，明顯錯誤。而由文章第二段可知，這種方法在辦公室非常有用，故C項正確。文章第一段第二句指出可能已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)多的人在用這種方法了，但作者才剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)，故D項正確。因此本題正確答案應(yīng)為B項。2.推理判斷。本題詢問fakefoning的含義，這正是文章的主題。雖然原文沒有給出fakefoning的確切定義，但通過原文內(nèi)容推理可知，fakefoning就是假裝接聽手機的意思。而foning也假借了ph的發(fā)音，其含義其實就是phoning。由原文第四段和第五段可以看出，這種假裝接電話的目的是colleagueavoidance，故B選項正確。其余選項均為對文中語句的混淆解釋。3.推理判斷題。題干詢問“為了讓假接手機看起來更真實，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該怎么做”。由原文第四段最后一句可知，要根據(jù)你想要避開的人而改變談?wù)摰闹黝}和內(nèi)容，因此不能只談?wù)撚腥さ脑掝}，故A項錯誤。而“走路的時候拿著手機”顯然也不能單純地提高真實性，故B項錯誤。根據(jù)原文第七段可知，要專注接聽電話，對路過的人只需用眼神交流一下，點點頭，同時還要指指電話，表示在講電話，只能以后再聊，但并不能推斷出這種禮貌地回應(yīng)能讓假接手機看起來更真實，故D項錯誤。只有C項“裝成投入到交談中的樣子（沒有注意到旁人）”最真實，最符合題意。因此，本題正確答案為C選項。4.推理判斷題。題干詢問文中最后一個例子的含義，其實也就是詢問最后四段的主旨。這個例子是講作者有一次在假裝接電話時，正好有一個電話打進來，作者只好急中生智，裝成手機出問題斷線了，而自己還不知道后面又繼續(xù)通話，可見假接電話也要多加小心，故A選項正確。在這個例子中，作者只是剛好假裝在和醫(yī)生通話，故B選項錯誤。C選項認(rèn)為fakefoning可能欺騙不了別人，是片面的，作者就很巧妙地化解了尷尬局面，成功騙了同事。選項D說假裝接電話總是成功的，根據(jù)最后這個例子來看這也未必，還是需要小心的。因此本題正確答案為A選項。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知，當(dāng)電活鈴?fù)蝗豁懫饡r，作者正好與同事四目相對，但是作者并未驚慌，只是很自然地說道：“這東西出什么毛病了?”同時拿開手機看了一下，然后重新放回耳邊說到：“喂喂喂，還在嗎?”由此可以看出，作者是對同事說了一句話，因此本題正確答案為B選項。14.【答案】B【解析】考查詞組的固定搭配。A選項assessment表示“評定，估價”；B選項access表示“進入，通道，機會”；C選項assignment表示“分配，任務(wù)”；D選項exception表示“例外，異議”。詞組haveaccessto可表示“使用，接近，可以利用”，其余3項不可與have構(gòu)成搭配。句意：估計有超過三分之一的人