2014年執(zhí)業(yè)獸醫(yī)師考試人畜共患病絳蟲

絳蟲概述絳蟲(Tapeworm)屬扁形動物門、絳蟲綱的寄生蟲，全部營寄生生活。學名鏈狀帶絳蟲學名肥胖帶絳蟲學名細粒棘球絳蟲Taenia

soliumTaenia

saginataEchinococcus

granulosus豬肉絳蟲牛肉絳蟲包生絳蟲短膜殼絳蟲5.曼氏迭宮絳蟲Spirometra

mansoniTapeworms

are

polyzoic

andconsist

of

3

regions:a.

scolexb.

neckc.

strobilusabcScolex

-

anterior

attachment

structureattachment

differ

in

the

2

important

orders:

Order

Pseudophyllidea-scolex

containsslit-like

suckers

called

bothrium(吸槽)

Order

Cyclophyllidea-scolex

containssucker(吸盤)and

acentral

domed

areacalled

the

rostellum(頂突)with

orwithout

hooksScolex

is

an

important

taxonomic

structure.Neck

-

undifferentiated

region

posterior

to scolexStrobila

-

linear

series

of

segments

orproglottidsProglottids

are

continuously

formed

posteriortothe

neck

region

in

aprocess

called

strobilization.As

new

proglottids

are

formed,

theolderproglottids

move

posteriorly

and

becomesexually

mature.immature

proglottids

–mature

proglottids

–gravid

proglottids

-Gravid

proglottids

cont:Male

and

female

organs

in

gravid

proglottidsdegenerate

as

the

uterus

fills

with

eggs.Gravid

proglottids

often

detach

from

the

strobila:disintegrate

during

passage

through

thedigestive

tract

releasing

eggs

in

the

fecesor

arereleased

intact

in

the

feces.一、形態(tài)背腹扁平，左右對稱蟲體分節(jié)：頭節(jié)(scolex)頸(neck)鏈體無體腔雌雄同體無消化器官頭節(jié)具固著器官幼節(jié)成節(jié)孕節(jié)(gravid

proglottid)(strobilus)中絳期即為絳蟲在中間宿主體內發(fā)育階段二、生活史Life

cycles

involve

larval

development

in

1

or

2

intermediatehosts.(一)

不需中間宿主

感染性蟲卵(二)

需一個中間宿主

囊尾蚴(三)

需二個中間宿主

裂頭蚴Taenia

soliumTaenia

solium,

pork

tapeworm,

adult

worm

lives

in

smallintestine,

result

in

Taeniasis, pork

tapeworm

infection.學名鏈狀帶絳蟲(Taeniasolium)，成蟲寄生小腸，引起豬肉絳蟲病(Taeniasis)

。幼蟲,豬囊尾蚴(Cysticercuscellulosae)，寄生在中間宿主豬體內，也寄生在人的皮下組織、肌肉、腦、眼、心等處，引起囊蟲病，或稱豬囊尾蚴病(Cysticercosis)。Cysticercus

cellulosae,

larval

stage

of

Taenia

solium,

is

anellipsoidal, translucent,

thin-walled

bladder. The

lingual,masseteric,

mucosal,

diaphragmatic,

and

cardiac

musclesare

chiefly

affected,

but

the

liver,

kidneys,

lungs,

brain,and

eye

may

also

be

involved, result

in

Cysticercosis一、形態(tài)Morphology(一)成蟲2—4

(occasionally

8)

meters

in

lengthfully

developed

contains

800

to

1000

segments1.頭節(jié)：球形具四個肌性吸盤、一頂突、二排小鉤the

globular

scolex,

about

1

mm

indiameter

equippedwith

4

cup-shaped

suckers,

rostellum,

double

crown

of

25

to

30

hooks2.頸部：細小不分節(jié)，有生發(fā)作用。3.鏈體：(1)幼節(jié)(2)成節(jié)生殖器官未成熟生殖器官已成熟the

mature

proglottid

is

roughly

square,150-200

testes,

theovaryconsists

of

two

prominent

lobes and

onesmall

centrallobe3)孕節(jié)

子宮幾乎占滿整個節(jié)片the

gravid

proglottid

contains

7-13

branches

perEgg:spherical, thin

outer

envelope,a

think

brown

embryophore,contained

hexacanth

embryo(onchosphere)

which

bears6

hooksCysticercus

cellulosae:milky-white

bladder

with

minute

scolex0.5

cm or

more

in

diameterLife

Cycle

of

Taenia

soliumCysticercus

withinvaginated

scolexCysticercus

withevaginated

scolexMeaslypork生活史特點：1.人是豬肉絳蟲唯一的終宿主豬和野豬是最常見的中間宿主人也可被幼蟲囊尾蚴寄生進入血流六鉤蚴

囊尾蚴食

入

進入血流成蟲

孕節(jié)、蟲卵

六鉤蚴

囊尾蚴食入成蟲People

are

the

only

definitive

hostsThe

usual

intermediate

hosts

that

harbor

the

larvaare

hogs

&

wild

boarsHuman

can

also

be

hosts

of

the

larvacirculationoncosphere

cysticercusautoinfected ingested

bymancirculationgravid

proglottid

ingestedoregginfeces

by

hog

oncospherecysticercusAdult

wormin

small

intestineingested

bymanHogs

ingest

eggs,

oncosphere

hatches

in

intestine,

penetratesthrough

the

intestinal

wall

into

meserteric

venules,

reachesmuscleEmbryo

develops

into

a

cysticercus-subspherical

to

ovoidmilky-white

bladder

with

an

invaginated

minute

headCysticerci

ingested

by

man,

scolex

every,

mature

in

2

monthsCysticercosis

in

man

results

from

ingestion

of

T.solium

eggs

or

if

an

adult

tapeworm

present

in

intestine,

reverse

peristalsismay

bring

eggs

up

to

the

stomach,

oncosphere

may

hatchand

migratePathogenicity成蟲1.機械性作用掠取營養(yǎng)毒素作用Taeniasisa

single

adult

tapeworm

infects----abdominalor

epigastric

painobstruction幼蟲感染方式：異體感染自體外重復感染自體內重復感染Cysticercosisdepend

on

the

location

of

infectionbrain,

subcutaneous

and

muscles,

eyeCysticerci

rarely

are

seen

in

the

heart,

lung,

liver,

or

kidneysHuman

can

act

as

an

intermediate

host

for

T.solium

byingested

the

eggs, through

the

consumption

of

contaminatedfood

or

water.皮下肌肉囊尾蚴病

腦囊尾蚴病

眼囊尾蚴病Patient

who

already

are

infected

with

an

adult

worm

in

the

intestinemay

be

autoinfected

through

fecal-oral

transmission

or

reverseperistalsis

of

proglottids

of

the

parasite

into

the

stomach,

wherethe

eggs

are

digested.Neurocysticercosis

-

a

fatal

case診斷Diagnosis(一)豬肉絳蟲病的診斷孕節(jié)檢查蟲卵檢查檢查頭節(jié)免疫學Pork

tapeworm

infectioneggs,

gravid

proglottides

may

also

bepassed

into

the

feces

the

scolex

maybe

present

only

after treated

by

drug(二)豬囊尾蚴病的診斷皮下肌肉型腦型CT檢查、MRI眼型眼底鏡Cysticercus

infectionclinical

diagnosis

can

be

made

bylinking

symptomsbiopsy

in

the

sibcutaneous

nodulesX-ray

examination

of

infected

musclesor

central

nervous

system

tissues

mayconfirm

diagnosis

by

revealing

calcifiedcystsCT,

MRIImmunologic

test五、流行因素Epidemiology(一)分布(二)流行相關因素豬飼養(yǎng)不善感染蟲卵居民食肉習慣和方法T.solium

is

endemic

in

all

parts

of

the

world

where

pork

orpork

products

are

eatenHuman

is

the

definitive

hostHug

is

the

intermediate

hostHuman

infected

by

ingesting

raw

or

inadequately

cookedinfected

hugFactors

favoring

transmission

includingEgg

or

segment

contamination

of

the

grass

and

soilMethod

of

raising

domestic

animal2.

Unhygienic

habit

of

eating

raw

meat六、防治原則Prevention

and

control(一)治療病人Praziquantel

is

effective

for

taeniasisSurgical

removal

is

indicated

whenever

possible

incysticercosisAlbendazole

and

Praziquantel

are

now

regarded

asthe

drug

of

choice豬帶絳蟲?。簷壚啤⒛瞎献踊蜻拎蚁x?。哼拎?二)改變飲食習慣

(三)改善養(yǎng)豬方法

(四)嚴格肉類檢查Taenia

saginataTaenia

solium

&

Taenia

saginata

are

two

members

of

the

Taenia

species

that

are

of

clinical

significanceto

humans.

學名(Taeniasaginata)，成蟲寄生人體小腸引起牛肉絳蟲病。The

two

organisms

are

similar

in

most

respect

withonly

a

few

notable

exceptionsCattle

are

intermediate

hostGravid

proglottids

more

frequentlydischargedCysticercus

not

found

in

manLife

Cycle

Stages

of

Taeniarhynchus

saginatusCysticercus

withinvaginated

scolexEgg

has

astriatedembryophore

andinneroncospherewith

6

hooksScolex MatureproglottidGravid

proglottid(diagnosticin

feces!)蟲種豬肉絳蟲牛肉絳蟲體長3-5m5-10m節(jié)片800-10001000-2000頭節(jié)球形，有頂突及小鉤方形，無頂突及小鉤成節(jié)卵巢分三葉，一中央葉，卵巢兩葉兩側葉孕節(jié)子宮分支，樹根狀，7-13支子宮分支兩叉性，每側15-30支囊尾蚴頭節(jié)具小鉤，可寄生人體頭節(jié)無小鉤，不寄生人體T.

solium

T.

saginataSizeNo

ofsegments2-4

m800-10004-8

m1000-2000Scolex4

,

rostellum

withhooks4Mature

ovary1

small

&

2

large

lobes2large