高中英語語法一點(diǎn)通-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

t）中英語語法一直- 精態(tài)劭祠知識(shí)清單一、表東犍力情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can和could常用來表示“能力”，強(qiáng)調(diào)能夠做某事，can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過去的能力。另外，beableto表示經(jīng)過一番努力能夠做某事，而且成功做了某事。Iamveryhungry.Icaneattwobowlsofrice.Whenhewasyoung,hecouldcarrytheheavybox.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.二、索拳難例情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)時(shí)，對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”，對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)時(shí)，可能大小排序如下：must（一定）,will（很可fb）＞should/oughtto（應(yīng)該）〉can（可能）〉may（也許）〉might（說不定）Hemustknowmyaddress.Hecan'tknowmyaddress.Hemayknowmyaddress.Hemaynotknowmyaddress.Howcanitbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony.（表示疑惑、驚訝）Heisnotsure.Hemightgotothecinemainstead.Theroadsshouldbelesscrowdedtoday.特別提示：表示推測(cè)時(shí)，may常用于肯定句中，也可以用于否定句中（maynot表示“可能不”），must用于肯定句中，一般不用于否定句和疑問句中，can和could常用于否定句和疑問句中，表示疑惑、驚訝或者不相信等意思。三、表示精求、允許、尤穩(wěn)1、may,might,can,could,will,would用于問句中，表示請(qǐng)求、許可或者提出建議;could/might/would表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，語氣更加委婉，肯定回答時(shí)，需要用can/may/wilL—Could/MightIuseyourbiketomorrowmorning?—Yes,youcan/may(No,youcan't/mustn't).2、shall在疑問句中與第一人稱連用時(shí)，表示征求對(duì)方意見；在陳述句中與第二、三人稱連用時(shí)，表示說話者的命令、指示、威脅、允諾、警告等。Youshallleavetheroomatonce.Anyonethatdisobeystheruleshallbefined.Tom'sfatherpromisesthatheshallbuyhissonanewbikeonhisbirthday.0、表示弟要、偏要must表示主觀上必須做某事，mustnt表示“禁止、一定不可以”，還可以表示“偏偏、偏要”，haveto表示受客觀條件的限制，不得不做某事。should表示應(yīng)該做某事，有義務(wù)做某事，止匕外，should還可以表示“竟然、居然”。Childrenmustn'tplaywithfire.Shemustdoanythingagainstherparents'will.Youshouldgoandvisithimthisafternoon.Itisunbelievablethatthepoormanshouldhelpothers.Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?-MustIworkouttheproblemtonight?—No,youneedn'/don'thaveto.五、其它類情態(tài)劭祠1>need和dareneed和dare既可以用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可以用作行為動(dòng)詞，用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用于疑問句和否定句中；作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可用于肯定句、疑問句和否定句中，構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時(shí)，要借助助動(dòng)詞。另外，dare的過去式dared也可以用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Heneedn'tdoit.Hedoesn'tneedtodoit.Hedidn'tdaretolookatherintheface.Hedarednotlookatherintheface.2、mayaswell和maywellmayaswell意為“最好、倒不如"，maywell表示“很可能”。Youmayaswelldoitatonce.Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeher.難點(diǎn)突破“情態(tài)劭40/wouldrather/wouldlike(love)+havedone,,用法令musthavedone“過去一定做過某事”，對(duì)過去發(fā)生動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè)，否定式為：can,t/couldn,thavedone"過去肯定沒有做過某事”。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitewetandmuddy.令can/couldhavedone“過去本能夠做某事，實(shí)際上并沒有做”。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn'ttryyourbest.令may/mighthavedone”過去也許已經(jīng)做過某事”，否定形式may/mightnothavedone表示“過去可能沒做過某事"；mighthavedone還表示“過去本可能做某事，實(shí)際沒有做”。It'stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.Hemay/mightnothavefinishedthework.ButIthinkyoumighthavetoldushalfanhourago.令should/oughttohavedone表示“本應(yīng)該做某事，實(shí)際上沒有做二Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.令shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone表示"本不應(yīng)該做某事，實(shí)際做了某事“。Youshouldn'thavetoldherthetruth.今needn、havedone"本不需要做某事，實(shí)際上做了某事”。Youneedn'ttakeataxihere,foritwasveryneartomyhome.令wouldratherhavedone"寧愿做過某事，實(shí)際上當(dāng)時(shí)并沒有做"；否定形式wouldrathernothavedone“寧愿過去沒做過某事，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了某事”。Iraisedobjectionsatthemeeting,butnowIwouldrathernothavedonethat.令wouldlike/lovetohavedone"本過去本想要做某事，實(shí)際上并沒有做”。Iwouldlovetohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.解題秘訣認(rèn)真審題，結(jié)合所給的語境，正確把握說話者的語氣，情感、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。認(rèn)真思考所給選項(xiàng)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本特征和用法，并結(jié)合語境推敲答案。易錯(cuò)題型()21.-MayIsitbesideyou,sir?---No,you.Mygirlfriendiscomingsoon.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't()22.——IspeaktoMary,please?---Sorry,she_cometothephonebecausesheisn'tin.A.Might;wontB.Cant;mustn'tC.May;can'tD.Couldn't;shouldn't()23.---1wanttoknowifIsmokehere.---Nozyou.Couldyouseethesign“NOSMOKING0there?A.can;needn'tB.must;can'tC.shall;won'tD.may;mustn't()24.Mywifeneverremembersmytelephonenumber.Shealwayslookitup.A.mayB.shouldC.wouldD.hasto()25.---youpassmetheEnglishmagazine,please?---Sure.Hereyouare.A.CouldB.NeedC.MustD.Might()26.---MustIgotoworkwithyou?---Nozyou.Lindagowithme.A.mustn't;canB.can't;hastoC.daren't;shouldb.needn't;may()27.---1tellMarythetestresults?---Nozyou.Shesalreadygotthescore.A.Will;won'tB.shall;needn't。May;mustn'tD.Can;don't()28.Youbecarefulwhencrossinghere.Thetrafficlightsarentworking.A.mightB.oughttoC.couldD.may()29.---CouldIborrowyourbicycle?---Yes,ofcourseyou.A.willB.shouldC.canb.need()30.Joancomewithusthisafternoon,butsheisn'tverysureyet.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will()31.1askyouthequestionbecauseIthinkIbewrong.A.daren't;mustB.mustn't;canC.needn't;mayD.cant;should()32.''Theinterestbedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides."declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustb.shall()33—IsawAnnieinthesupermarketyesterday.—Youher;sheisstillstudyingabroad.A.mustntseeB.canthaveseenC.mustn'thaveseenb.couldn'tsee()34.---Whatdoyouthinkofthisanswer?---1don'tthinkitberight.A.shouldB.might C.must b.can()35.Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,weoftenhavecoffeetogether.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.oughtto()36.Hedoesn'thavetoworktomorrow,butyouhavegotto,you?A.dontB.haven'tC.haven'tgotb.cant()37.YouwakemeupwhenIfallasleep,you?A.haventbetter;have B.wouldnotrather;wouldC.hadbetternot;should b.hadnotbetter;must()38.---Why!Icouldntgetyouonthephonethismorning.---Wetennisintheyardwhenyouphoneme.A.couldbeplaying B.mustbeplayingC.musthavebeenplaying0.shouldhaveplayed()39.---MayIsmokehere?---Ifyou,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A.mustB.mayC.canD.should()40.---1cameherebytaxiandthedriverchargedme50yuan.---Really?Youhavecomebybus.A.couldB.mustC.mayb.should()41.---DoyoustillrememberwhenwewenttotheGreatWall?---1can'trememberitwell,butithavebeensometimelastMay?A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would()42.---1wonderwhyMr.Lindidn'tcometowork.——Hehavebeenill.A.needn'tB.shouldC.mightD.can()43.---Noonepassedthemathematicsexaminationtoday.---1guesswetheexerciselastnight.A.couldreviewB.shouldreviewC.mightreviewD.shouldhavereviewed()44.Shethehospitalsosoon,forshehasntyetrecovered.A.wouldnth