2021屆高三英語模擬題經(jīng)典試題重組卷2（新高考模式）（教師版）

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2021屆高三英語模擬題經(jīng)典試題精選重組卷2（新高考模式）

英語

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時:選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干

凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號，回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對

話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whathashappenedtothecupwithlittlehearts?

A.Ithasbeenlost.B.Ithasbeendamaged.C.Ithasbeengiventotheman.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:Haveyouseenmyfavoritecup?Theonewithlittleheartsonit.IthinkI'velostit.

M:Sorry,ImeanttotellyouthatIbrokeitlastweekwhilewashingit.ButIgotyouthisonetoreplaceit.

W:Iloveit!

2.Whatdidthemanaskthewomantodo?

A.Sewsomeclothes.B.Cleanupthefloors.C.Bemorecarefulnexttime.

【答案】C

【原文】

M:Mindy,Ifoundaneedleonthefloor.Ialmoststeppedonit.Youshouldbemorecareful.

W:Itwasn'tme,Ben.Itwasmymother.Shecameovertohelpwiththechildren'sclothes.ButI'llsweepthefloor

rightnowtomakesuretherearen'tanymore.

3.HowmanyclassesdoesthegirlhaveonMonday?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.

【答案】B

【原文】

M:Ihavedanceclassfirstthing,andthenmusicstraightafterlunch.

W:Luckyyou.Forme,it'sabusyMonday.Ihavedoubleclassesofmathandthengeography.

4.Whydoesthewomanadvisethemantorun?

A.Tocatchthepostman.B.Toborrowsomestamps.

C.Toreachthepostofficebeforeclosing.

【答案】C

【原文】

M:DoyouhaveanystampsIcanborrow?Iwanttosendthisstraightaway.

W:I'mafraid1don't.Butifyourun,youmightjustcatchthepostoffice.

5.Whatisacrossfromthenewclothingstore?

A.Abank.B.Amovietheater.C.Abookstore.

【答案】B

【原文】

M:Iwasinthatnewclothingstorenexttothebankandtheyhadsomeshirtsthatwouldreallysuityou.

W:Isitoppositethecinema?Whatdidtheplaceusetobebeforetheclothingstoreopened?

M:Yeah,itwasabookstorebefore.

第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,

聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時

間，每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。

6.Howdoesthemanfeel?

A.Confident.B.Tired.C.Confused.

7.Whichcountiywasthemanbornin?

A.Japan.B.China.C.Australia.

【答案】

6.C

7.A

【原文】

M:Excuseme,canyouhelpme?Ican'tunderstandpartofthisform.

W:Certainly,sir.Whatpartareyouhavingproblemswith?

M:Part3A.Tmnotquitesurewhatit'sasking.Tvereaditseveraltimesbutitdoesnotmakeanysense.

W:Thatpartoftheformisonlyforforeigntravelers.

M:Technically,Iam.I'moriginallyfromJapan,butthenIwasraisedinAustraliabeforecomingtoChina.

W:Wheredoyoulivenow?

M:IliveinHongKong.

W:Youarewelltraveled.

M:Iam,butsometimestheseformsstillconfuseme.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Classmates.B?Tutorandstudent.C.Motherandson.

9.Whatsubjectisthemothernotgoodat?

A.Math.B.English.C.Geography.

10.Whatactivityisrelatedtothewoman'sjob?

A.Testing.B.Writing.C.Teaching.

【答案】

8.C

9.A

10.B

【原文】

W:Malcolm,haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?

M:Notyet,Ineeddad'shelpwithoneofthequestions.

W:Well,maybeIcanhelp?

M:Thanks,butdadknowsmoreaboutalgebrathanyou.

W:1amjustascapableasyourfather.Webothwenttouniversity.

M:Butdadusesitallthetimeinhisjob.Youwritealotinyourjob,soIcometoyouwhenIneedhelpwithmy

Englishtests.

W:Thafsverysmart,butsometimesyourfatherwon'tbeabletohelpyou.Soifyouneedit,I'mhere.Tmalso

goodatgeography.

M:OKthen.Canyoutellmetheanswertothisone?

W:No,but1canshowyouhowtofindtheansweryourself.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Wherearethespeakersprobably?

A.Inastore.B.Inagallery.C.Intheman'sapartment.

12.Whatcoloristhewoman'scoloredwall?

A.Purple.B.Cream.C.Orange.

13.Whereisthewallpaperlocated?

A.Underthebrushes.B.Nexttothesheets.C.Acrossfromthepaint.

【答案】

11.A

12.A

13.C

【原文】

M:Excuseme,canyoutellmewherethepaintsectionis?

W:It'sstraightdownthere.

M:Thankyou.We'regoingtopaintmyapartment.

W:Oh,Ilovedecorating.Whatcolorareyougoingfor?

M:Maybesomethingincreamorwhite.Wemightsellitsoon,sowewantittolookairy.

W:Alotofpeoplethesedayshaveonewallinabrightordistinctcolortomakeitstandout.Ihaveapuipleonein

mybedroom.

M:Ididseeoneatafriend'shouse.Hehadpaintedonesideofhislivingroomorange.Itlookedverysmart.Em

justnotsureIcoulddoasgoodajob.Fmnotanartist.

W:Well,wehaveallthetoolsyouneednexttothepaint,likebrushesandsheetstokeepyourfurnitureclean.Orif

youwantachallenge,thewallpaperisontheoppositeside.

M:You'vebeenmosthelpful.

W:Ifyouneedanythingelse,justletmeknow.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Amissingpet.B.Alatepackage.C.Awrongfoodorder.

15.WhoisTommy?

A.Thewoman'sson.B.Thewoman'spet.C.Thewoman'sboss.

16.Whatiswrongwiththedeliverydrivers?

A.Theyareill.B.Theyareoutforlunch.C.Theyhaveleftthecompany.

17.Whatwillthewomangetthemoneyforaccordingtotheman?

A.Herlostitem.B.Deliverycosts.C.Thecall.

【答案】

14.B

15.B

16.A

17.C

【原文】

W:1havebeenonholdforhalfanhourtryingtofindoutwheremydeliveryis!

M:Iapologize,Mrs.Smith.Thisisnotthelevelofserviceweusuallyoffer.

W:Thenwhatistheproblem?It'sapresentformylittleTommy.It*shisbirthdaytomorrow.Ipickedsomedog

foodforhim.Whyhaven'tIreceivedhispresentyet?

M:Wehadtouseadeliveryserviceinsteadofourowndrivers.

W:Why?

M:Ishouldn'treallysay.

W:1demandanexplanation,orIwanttospeaktoyourboss.

M:Ourdriversalleatfromthesamerestaurantatlunch.Theyhaveallgotfoodpoisoning.

W:Well,Tmsorrytohearthat.IhopetheyareOK.

M:Me,too.Becauseyouaresuchaloyalcustomer,Iwouldliketoofferyouafullrefundfortheitem.

W:Iguessthatwouldbeacceptable.Holdon,there'ssomeoneatmydoor.

M:Hello,Mrs.Smith?

W:Thatwasyourdriver.Itarrived!Thankyousomuch.

M:I'mgladitallworkedoutfine.Wewouldstillliketoofferyouarefund,forthelengthofthecall.

W:Thankyou.Thatwouldbelovely.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

18.Whydoesthenurseryoffertheplans?

A.Tokeepchildrensafe.

B.Tomakechildrenhealthy.

C.Tohelpchildrenfindtheirway.

19.Whenaretheteachersonduty?

A.8:00p.m.onMonday.B.7:00a.m.onThursday.C.9:00a.m.onSaturday.

20.Towhomisthespeakermainlytalking?

A.Childrenatthenursery.B.Newteachers.C.Children'sparents.

【答案】

18.A

19.B

20.C

【原文】

Thereisanotherthingtopointoutaboutsafetybeforewestarttoday'snurserytour.Thesafetyofyourchildrenis,

ofcourse,ourmainconcernandweareconstantlyworkingtoimproveitinanypossibleway.Wealsotrytomake

surethatyourchildrenenjoytheirlimeatnurseryandbenefitfromitasmuchaspossible.Thenurseryofferstwo

planstoensureyouknowthatyourchildrenaresafe.TheBusTripplanistomakesurethatchildrengetwhere

theyneedtogoafternurserywithateacherondutytoprotectthem,whethertheyaregoingstraighthomeor

somewhereelse.TheIn-Schoolplangivesyoupeaceofmindwhenthechildrenarebeingtaught.Acarefulrecord

iskeptofwherechildrenareinthebuildingsothatwecanlocatethemquicklyatanytime.Youareprovidedwitha

number,soyoucancallthenurserybetween7:00a.m.and7:00p.m.ontheweekdays.Requirementscanalsobe

madebytextandemail.Allinall,wearetryingourbesttomakesureyourchildrenaresafewhiletheyare

attendingthenursery.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2?5分，滿分37?5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

【湖南省郴州市2021屆高三第?次質(zhì)檢】

TopTravelDestinations2020

Penang,Malaysia

Penangisoneoftheonly13statesthatmakeupMalaysiainSoutheastAsia.Itsfoodcultureislikenothing

you'veeverexperienced.Ifyou'reafoodlover,thisistheplacetogo.ThecentrallocationofPenangmakesita

hub（樞紐）forcuisinefrommanydifferentregionsincludingIndia,Thailand,Indonesia,andVietnam.

BestTimetoVisit：NovembertoJanuary

Bali,Indonesia

Balihasalwaysbeenatoptraveldestinationduetoitsbeauty,butevenso,therearestillhiddenspotsaway

fromthemaintouristattractionsthatofferseclusion（清靜）aswellaspeaceandquiet.Onesuchplaceistheisland

ofNusaLembongan.OnetouristattractionhereistheunderwaterBigBuddhawhichhasbeenplacedbylocalsasa

businessattraction.Italsomakesforgooddivingandunderwaterphotography,andisoneofthebestvacationspots

forcouples.

BestTimetoVisit：MaytoSeptember

Auckland,NewZealand

Aucklandisacoastalcityknownforitsbreathtakingviewsandbeautifulbeachesandislands.Thenearby

MountEdenisavolcanicmountainyoucanhikeandexplore.Withitsmanyhikingtracks,views,beaches,and

culturalsites,Aucklandhasenoughactivitiestokeepyoubusy.

BestTimetoVisit：MarchtoMay,SeptembertoNovember

Banff,Canada

LocatedinthenorthernpartoftheRockyMountainsinAlberta,BanffisasmalltownofCanada.Mostpeople

outsideofCanadahaveprobablyneverevenheardofit,butthat'swhatmakesitsodifferentfromotherattractions.

VisitorscanskionMountNorquayorridetheBanffGondolaupSulphurMountaintoswimintheBanffUpperHot

Springsandenjoygreatviewsofthecountryside.

BestTimetoVisit：JunetoAugust,DecembertoMarch

21.Whereshouldyougoifyouareinterestedindiving?

A.NusaLembongan.B.Penang.

C.TheBanffGondola.D.TheBanffUpperHotSprings.

22.Ifyouwanttoexploreavolcanicmountain,whichmonthisthebestchoice?

A.January.B.August.C.October.D.December.

23.WhatmakesBanffspecialcomparedtotheotherthreetraveldestinations?

A.It'sfamousforitstastyfood.B.Itdoesn'thaveanymountains.

C.It'snotwell-knowntoforeigners.D.Itoffersgreatviewsofbeaches.

【答案】21.A22.C23.C

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四處2020年最佳旅游目的地。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Bali,Indonesia中的“Italsomakesforgooddivingandunderwaterphotography,andis

oneofthebestvacationspotsforcouples.（它也是潛水和水下攝影的好地方，也是情侶們最好的度假地點之

一。戶可知，如果對潛水感興趣，就去藍(lán)夢島（NusaLembongan）。故選A。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Auckland,NewZealand中的“ThenearbyMountEdenisavolcanicmountainyoucan

hikeandexplore.（附近的伊甸山是一座火山，你可以徒步旅行和探險。）"和“BestTimetoVisit：MarchtoMay,

SeptembertoNovember（最佳游覽時間：3月至5月，9月至11月）”可知，如果你想探索一庫火山，10月是

最好的選擇。故選C。

23.節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Banff,Canada中的“MostpeopleoutsideofCanadahaveprobablyneverevenheardof

it,butthat'swhatmakesitsodifferentfromotherattractions.（力口拿大以外的大多數(shù)人可'能從未聽說過它，但這

就是它與其他景點如此不同的原因。戶可知，與其他三個旅游目的地相比，外國人對Banff并不熟悉。故選

Co

B

【湖南省2021屆高三百校聯(lián)考】

Fourdaysoffun,sunandcelebrities,aswellasnetworking,careerworkshopsandmentoring（指導(dǎo)）,werein

storefortwoLongIslandteenschosentotakepartinthe12thannualDisneyDreamersAcademy（DDA）atWalt

DisneyWorldResortinOrlando,Florida.Chosenfromthousandsofapplicants,TiannaGonzalesofLakeGrove

andKaiyaSimmonsofMillerPlacewerepartofagroupof100youngpeoplewhomarchedintheMagicKingdom

paradeandmadeconversationwithAcademyAward-winningcostumedesignerRuthCarterandactorMiles

Brown.

BorninCharleston,SouthCarolina,KaiyaSimmons,14,movedtoMillerPlaceattheageof3.Aninthgrader

atMissPorterSchoolinFarmington,Connecticut,Kaiyasayssheenjoysacting,artandscienceandiscurrently

studyingenvironmentalscience.€tItisfunlearningabouttheenvironmentanddifferentwaystohelpprotectitJ

Kaiyasays,adding,amalsolearningdifferenttechniquestoimprovemyactingonstageandinAfterhigh

school,KaiyahopestoattendYaleUniversityandundertakeacareerasadoctor.

TiannaGonzales,a10thgraderatSachemNorthHighSchool,isinterestedinpsychologyandmusicandplays

saxophone(aninstrument)fortheschool'smarchingband,orchestraandband.Otherschoolactivitiesincludetrack,

ModelUnitedNations,foreignlanguageandartclubhonorsocieties.t€OnceIgraduate,Iplantoundertakeacareer

inthefilmworld,hopefullyattendingNewYorkUniversityorNewYorkFilmAcademy,shesays."Through

storytelling,wecanshapethiscenturytobeanevenstrongerattractionforsocietalchange.^^

TheDisneyDreamersAcademyisaimedathelpingtoinspireyoungpeopleduringacriticaltimeoftheir

development,t4Ourgoalistohelpthemseetheunlimitedpossibilitiesandtoinspirethemtoachievetheirfull

purpose-tobecometheheroesoftheirownstories,“saysTraceyD.Powell,vicepresidentofWaltDisneyWorld

Resort.

24.WhatcanweknowaboutthetwoLongIslandteens?

A.Theyexperiencedfourdaysoffuninastore.

B.Theycommunicatedcloselywithtwocelebrities.

C.Theytookpartinacostumedesigncompetition.

D.They'rerecognizedascelebritiesbythe12thannualDDA.

25.WhatisKaiya'sdreamaftergraduating?

A.Tobecomeamovieactress.B.Tostudyenvironmentalsciencefurther.

C.Totakeupaprofessionasadoctor.D.ToreturntoherhometownMillerPlace.

26.WhatcanbestdescribeTianna?

A.Creativeandserious.B,Ambitiousandresponsible.

C.Straightforwardbutfriendly.D.Determinedbutconservative.

27.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.TointroducetheaimoftheDDA.

B.Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs.

C.ToencouragemoreteenstotakepartintheDDA.

D.ToprovideinformationabouttheparticipantsoftheDDA.

【答案】24.B25.C26.B27.A

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了來自格羅夫湖的TiannaGonzales和來自米勒廣場的KaiyaSimmons被

選中參加迪士尼夢想家學(xué)院活動的故事。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第?段“Chosenfromthousandsofapplicants,TiannaGonzalesofLakeGroveandKaiya

SimmonsofMillerPlacewerepartofagroupof100youngpeoplewhomarchedintheMagicKingdomparade

andmadeconversationwithAcademyAward-winningcostumedesignerRuthCarterandactorMilesBrown.''（來

自LakeGrove的TiannaGonzales和MillerPlace的KaiyaSimmons從數(shù)千名申請者中脫穎而?出，他們是100

名年輕人的一員，參加「魔法王國游行，并與奧斯卡獲獎服裝設(shè)計師RuthCarter和演員MilesBrown進(jìn)行

「交談）可知，這兩個青少年與兩位名人服裝設(shè)計師RuthCarter和演員MilesBrown進(jìn)行親密地交流。

故選Bo

25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Afterhighschool,KaiyahopestoattendYaleUniversityandundertakeacareeras

adoctor.”可知，高中畢業(yè)后，Kaiya希望能進(jìn)入耶魯大學(xué)，成為一名醫(yī)生，故選C。

26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“"OnceIgraduate,Iplantoundertakeacareerinthefilmworld,hopefullyattending

NewYorkUniversityorNewYorkFilmAcademy,shesays."Throughstorytelling,wecanshapethiscenturyto

beanevenstrongerattractionforsocietalchange.”“可知，她說：“畢業(yè)后，我計劃進(jìn)入電影界，希望能考上

紐約大學(xué)或紐約電影學(xué)院。通過講故事，我們可以讓這個世紀(jì)對社會變革產(chǎn)生更大的吸引力”，由此可推

斷，Tianna是一位有志氣且有責(zé)任心的人。故選B。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“TheDisneyDreamersAcademyisaimedathelpingtoinspireyoungpeople

duringacriticaltimeoftheirdevelopment,*4Ourgoalistohelpthemseetheunlimitedpossibilitiesandtoinspire

themtoachievetheirfullpurpose——tobecometheheroesoftheirownstories,MsaysTracey”可知，迪斯尼夢想家

學(xué)院旨在在他們發(fā)展關(guān)鍵時期，幫助激發(fā)年輕人，“我們的目標(biāo)是幫助他們看到無限的可能性和激勵他們實

現(xiàn)其全部的目標(biāo)，成為自己故事的英雄”，特蕾西說，由此可知，本段的主要目的是介紹迪士尼的夢想家學(xué)

院活動的目的。故選A。

C

【湖北省六校2021屆高三聯(lián)考】

Ateamofscientistshavestudiedthousandsofspeciesofbirdstounderstandwhythereissomuchdiversityin

thelengthoftimetheytaketogrowfromafertilized（受精的）eggintoanindependentadult.Thestudy,published

inNatureCommunications,isthefirstonetoconsidertheimportanceoflifestyleandenvironmentalfactors

alongsideevolutionaryhistoryandbodysizetoexplainthevariation.

Allorganismsfaceatrade-off（交換）betweenreproducingandsurvivingandtheysolvethisproblemin

differentways.Theteamfoundthatmigratorybirdsdevelopmuchquicker,whichmayensuretheyarereadyto

returntotheirwinterhabitatsattheendofeachsummer.Findingsshowedthatbirdsthatbreedandliveinsafer

environmentswithfewerpredatorstypicallytooklongertodevelop,possiblybecausetheycanaffordtospend

longersincethereisnodangerorneedtoleave.Theyalsofoundthatbirdspecieswitha“l(fā)ivefastdieyoung^^

strategydevelopquicker,allowingthemtomaximizethenumberofoffspring（后代）theycanproduceintheshort

timeavailable.Asexpected,theresearchshowedthatbiggerbirdstooklongertodevelop-butevenamongbirds

ofasimilarsizetherewasvariationindevelopmenttimes.

Dr.ChrisCooney,fromtheUniversityofSheffield'sDepartmentofAnimalandPlantSciencesandleadauthor

oftheresearch,said,"Theamountoftimeittakesforafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafullygrownadultvaries

hugelyacrosstheanimalkingdom.Forinstance,ittakesanelephantalmost10yearstoreachindependence,

whereasafruitflyisfullygrownafteronlyamatterofdays.Thisextraordinarydiversityisalsoprevalentwithin

birds,wherealbatrosses（信天翁）cantakealmostayeartodevelopfromanembryo（胚胎）toanindependentadult,

butatypicalUKgardensongbird（鳴禽）takeslittlemorethanamonth.Wefoundthatcertainaspectsofaspecies,

lifestyleandenvironmentareimportantinexplaininghowlongtheytaketodevelop.^^

Thestudyonbirdsgivesscientistssomecluesaboutthetypeoffactorsthatmaybeimportantinotherspecies.

However,itmaybethatdifferentfactorsareimportantfordeterminingdevelopmentlengthinotheranimalgroups.

Therefore,thenextstepistoaddressthesequestionsusingdatathatcoversthewholescaleoftheanimalkingdom

一fromfishtomammalstoinsects—togainanevenbroaderinsightintothefactorsshapingthesefundamental

differencesacrossspecies.

28.Whatdoesthestudymainlyfocuson?

A.Thenumberofbirdspecies.B.Thechangesofbirdhabitats.

C.Thedevelopmentlengthofbirds.D.Thelifespanofbirds.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prevalent"inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Rare.B.Common.C.Special.D.Strange.

30.WhatcanweknowfromDr.ChrisCooney'swords?

A.Thedevelopmenttimesvarywiththespecies.

B.Sizedeterminesthespeedofbirds'development.

C.Animalslivinginthesameplacedevelopatthesamerate.

D.Biggeranimalsalwaysgrowmoreslowlythansmallerones.

31.Whywillscientistsusedatacoveringthewholescaleoftheanimalkingdom?

A.Tostudythecauseofthespeciesdiversity.

B.Toshowthebasicdifferencesamongspecies.

C.Toexploretheevolutionaryhistoryofanimals.

D.Tofigureoutotherfactorsindevelopmentlength.

【答案】28.C29.B30.A31.D

【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述的是生活方式、進(jìn)化歷史、環(huán)境因素和個頭大小都對鳥類的生長發(fā)育

成熟時間有影響。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第?段最后一句“Thestudy,publishedinNatureCommunications,isthefirstoneto

considertheimportanceoflifestyleandenvironmentalfactorsalongsideevolutionaryhistoryandbodysizeto

explainthevariation."這項發(fā)表在《自然通訊》上的研究，是第一個將生活方式和環(huán)境因素的重要性，以及

進(jìn)化歷史和體型來解釋這種差異的研究。講述生活方式、進(jìn)化歷史、環(huán)境因素和個頭大小對鳥類的生長發(fā)

育成熟時間的影響。最后一段第二句"However,itmaybethatdifferentfactorsareimportantfordetermining

developmentlengthinotheranimalgroups.”然而，在其他動物群體中，不同的因素可能是決定發(fā)育長度的重

要因素?？芍芯恐饕P(guān)注的是鳥類的發(fā)育長度。故選C。

29.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Forinstance,ittakesanelephantalmost10yearstoreachindependence,whereasafruitfly

isfullygrownafteronlyamatterofdays.”例如，大象需要近10年才能獨立，而果蠅只需要幾天就能完全長

大?？芍w型大的動物成熟時間長，體型小的動物成熟時間短。而“Thisextraordinarydiversityisalsoprevalent

withinbirds,wherealbatrossescantakealmostayeartodevelopfromanembryo（胚胎）toanindependentadult,

butatypicalUKgardensongbirdtakeslittlemorethanamonth.”這個非凡的多樣性也普遍在鳥類，信天翁可以

近一年開發(fā)從一個胚胎，一個獨立的成年人，但典型的英國花園songbird需要小一個多月。說明albatrosses幾

乎需要?年來成熟，而atypicalUKgardensongbird只需要一個多月。所以這種非凡的多樣性在鳥類中也很

普遍。所以劃線單詞的意思是“常見的故選B。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theamountoftimeittakesforafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafullygrown

adultvarieshugelyacrosstheanimalkingdom.”受精卵發(fā)育成一個完全成熟的物種所需要的時間在動物王國

里差別很大。由此判斷出發(fā)展時間因物種而異。故選A。

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Thestudyonbirdsgivesscientistssomecluesaboutthetypeoffactorsthatmay

beimportantinotherspecies.However,itmaybethatdifferentfactorsareimportantfordeterminingdevelopment

lengthinotheranimalgroups.Therefore,thenextstepistoaddressthesequestionsusingdatathatcoversthewhole

scaleoftheanimalkingdom—fromfishtomammalstoinsects—togainanevenbroaderinsightintothefactors

shapingthesefundamentaldifferencesacrossspecies.“我們得知，鳥兒的研究已經(jīng)給科學(xué)家了一些線索，然而,

決定發(fā)育時長的可能有其他因素。所以，下一步就是使用全范圍的動物王國的數(shù)據(jù)來洞見造成這些物種之

間基本差異的因素。由此判斷出科學(xué)家使用全范圍的動物王國的數(shù)據(jù)，目的就是找出影響發(fā)育長度的其它

因素。故選D。

D

[2021屆湖南省湖湘名校教育聯(lián)合體高三聯(lián)考】

Tolearnnewthings,wemustsometimesfail.Butwhat'stherightamountoffailure?Newresearchledbythe

UniversityofArizonaproposesamathematicalanswertothatquestion.

Educatorshavelongrecognizedthatthereissomethingofa"sweetspot'1whenitcomestolearning.Thatis,

welearnbestwhenwearechallengedtograspsomethingjustoutsideofourexistingknowledge.Whenachallenge

istoosimple,wedon'tlearnanythingnew;likewise,wedon'texpandourknowledgewhenachallengeisso

difficultthatwefailentirelyorgiveup.

Sowheredoesthesweetspotlie?Accordingtothenewstudy,it'swhenfailureoccurs15%ofthetime.Put

anotherway,it'swhentherightanswerisgiven85%ofthetime.

ResearchersattheUniversityofArizonacameupwiththeso-called"85%Rule"afterconductingaseriesof

machine-learningexperimentsinwhichtheytaughtcomputerssimpletasks,suchasclassifyingdifferentpatterns

intooneoftwocategories.

Thecomputerslearnedfastestinsituationsinwhichthedifficultywassuchthattheyrespondedwith85%

accuracy.

"Ifyouhaveanerrorrateof15%oraccuracyof85%,youarealwaysmaximizingyourrateoflearningin

thesetwo-choicetasks,"saidProfessorRobertWilson.

Whenwethinkabouthowhumanslearn,the85%Rulewouldmostlylikelyapplytoperceptual（感知

的learning,inwhichwegraduallylearnthroughexperienceandexamples,Wilsonsaid.Imagine,forinstance,a

radiologist（放射科醫(yī)生）leamingtotellthedifferencebetweenimagesoftumors（腫瘤）andnon-tumors.

“Youneedexamplestogetbetteratfiguringoutthere*satumorinanimage,"Wilsonsaid.HIfIgivereally

easyexamples,youget100%rightallthetimeandthere'snothinglefttolearn.You'renotgoingtobetakingas

muchfromthatasasituationwhereyouarestrugglingalittlehit.IfIgivereallyhardexamples,you'llhe50%

correctandstillnotlearninganythingnew,whileifIgiveyousomethinginbetween,youcanheatthissweetspot

whereyouaregettingthemostinformationfromeachparticularexample."

32.Whichofthefollowingislinkedwiththesweetspot?

A.15percentaccuracy.B.50percentaccuracy.

C.85percentaccuracy.D.100percentright.

33.Whydidtheresearchersteachcomputerssimpletasks?

A.Tofindoutwherethesweetspotlies.B.Toseehowwellcomputerscarryouttasks.

C.Tocomparetheresultsoftheirexperiments.D.Toconductsomeresearchonmachinelearning.

34.Whatisthepurposeofthe''examples'*mentionedinthelastparagraph?

A.Toteachwhattodointhetreatmentoftumors.B.Toteachhowtodeterminethereisatumor.

C.Tohelptorememberwhatislearned.D.Tohelptolearnhowatumordevelops.

35.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemosteffectivewayoflearning?

A.Nottakingfailuretooseriously.B.Learningthroughexperienceandexamples.

C.Strugglingalittlebit,butnottoomuch.D.Learningthingsthatarecompletelynew.

【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.C

【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了學(xué)習(xí)的“八五定律學(xué)習(xí)的“最佳點”是百分之八十五的正確率，

百分之十五的失敗率，也就是說這時的學(xué)習(xí)效果最佳。學(xué)習(xí)太容易或太難都會導(dǎo)致學(xué)不到多少知識。

32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Sowheredoesthesweetspotlie?Accordingtothenewstudy,it'swhenfailure

occurs15%ofthetime.Putanotherway,it'swhentherightanswerisgiven85%ofthetime.可知那么,最佳點在

哪里呢？根據(jù)這項新的研究，失敗發(fā)生的幾率為15%。換句話說，就是85%的情況下給出了正確答案。由

此可知，C選項“85%的準(zhǔn)確率”與最佳點有關(guān)。故選C。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段ResearchersattheUniversityofArizonacameupwiththeso-called"85%Rule"

afterconductingaseriesofmachine-learningexperimentsinwhichtheytaughtcomputerssimpletasks,suchas

classifyingdifferentpatternsintooneoftwocategories.（亞利桑那大學(xué)的研究人員在進(jìn)行了一系列機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)實

驗后，提出了所謂的“85%規(guī)則