閱讀理解專項練習（一）1

本資料來自：中企資料網(wǎng)—WWW.ZQZL.CN為您提供專業(yè)全面的行業(yè)資料、管理資料、學習資料下載本資料來自：－中企資料網(wǎng)－中國最大的資料庫，如需更多資料請登錄本站下載閱讀理解專項練習（一）Passage1In1939twobrothers,MacandDickMcDonald,startedadrive-inrestaurantinSanBernadino,California.Theycarefullychoseabusycornerfortheirlocation.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessesforyears,firstatheater,thenabarbecue（烤肉）restaurant.,thenanotherdrive-in.Butintheirnewoperation,theyofferedanew,shortenedmenu:Frenchfries,hamburgers,andsodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewconcept:quickservice,nowaitersorwaitresses,andnotips.Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfourcents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformity,forthebrothershaddevelopedastrictroutineforthepreparationoftheirfood,andtheyinsistedontheircooks’stickingtotheirroutine.Theirnewdrive-inbecameincrediblypopular,particularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthebusynoontime.Theself-servicerestaurantwassopopularthatthebrothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.TheywerecontentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc.KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954,whenhewassellingmilkshake-mixingmachines.Hequicklysawtheuniqueappealofthebrothers’fast-foodrestaurantsandboughttherighttofranchise（特許經(jīng)營）othercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreementstruckincludedtherighttoduplicatethemenu.Theequipment,eventheirredandwhitebuildingswiththegoldenarches（拱門）.TodayMcDonald’sisreallyahouseholdname.ItsnamesforitssandwicheshavecometomeanhamburgerinthedecadessincethedayRayKrocwatchedpeoplerushuptoorderfifteen-centhamburgers.In1976,McDonald’shadover$1billionintotalsales.Itsfirsttwenty-twoyearsisoneofthemostincrediblesuccessstoriesinmodernAmericanbusinesshistory.1.Thispassagemainlytalksabort.A)thedevelopmentoffastfoodservicesB)howMcDonald’sbecameabillion-dollarbusinessC)thebusinesscareersofMacandDickMcDonaldD)RayKroc’sbusinesstalent2.MacandDickmanagedallofthefollowingbusinessesexcept.A)adrive-inC)atheaterB)acinemaD)abarbecuerestaurant3.Wemayinferfromthispassagethat.A)MacandDickMcDonaldneverbecamewealthyfortheysoldtheirideatoKrocB)ThelocationtheMcDonaldschosewastheonlysourceofthegreatpopularityoftheirdrive-inC)Fortyyearsagotherewerenumerousfast-foodrestaurantsD)RayKrocwasagoodbusinessman4.Thepassagesuggeststhat.A)creativityisanimportantelementofbusinesssuccessB)RayKrocwastheclosepartneroftheMcDonaldbrothersC)MacandDickMcDonaldbecamebrokenaftertheysoldtheirideastoRayKrocD)Californiaisthebestplacetogointobusiness5.Asusedinthesecondsentenceofthethirdparagraph,theword”unique”means.A)specialC)financialB)attractiveD)peculiarPassage2You’rebusyfillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed;let’sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree.Isn’tittemptingtoliejustalittle,toclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegree?OrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversity?Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutoneperweek.Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationforms,then.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislying,mostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthem“impostors騙子”;anotherreferstothemas“specialcases.”onewell-knownWestCoastschool,inperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofall,saysthattheseclaimsaremadeby“nosuchpeople.”Toavoidoutright(徹底的)lies,somejob-seekersclaimthatthey“attended”or“wereassociatedwith”acollegeoruniversity.Aftercarefullychecking,apersonnelofficermaydiscoverthat“attending”meansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethat“beingassociatedwith”acollegemeansthatthejob–seekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury–that’swhentheybegankeepingrecords,anyhow.Ifyoudon’twanttolieorevenstretchthetruth,therearecompaniesthatwillsellyouaphony（假的）diploma.Onecompany,withofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoast,willputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.Thepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafrom“SmootStateUniversity.”Thepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromthe“UniversityofPurdue.”AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaisproperlycalledPurdueUniversity,thepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper.6.Themainideaofthispassageisthat.A)employersarecheckingmorecloselyonapplicantsnowB)lyingaboutcollegedegreeshasbecomeawidespreadproblemC)collegedegreescannowbepurchasedeasilyD)employersarenolongerinterestedincollegedegrees7.Accordingtothepassage,“specialcases”referstocaseswhere.A)studentsattendaschoolonlypart-timeB)studentsneverattendedaschooltheylistedontheirapplicationC)studentspurchasefalsedegreesfromcommercialfilmsD)studentsattendedafamousschool8.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A)performanceisabetterjudgeofabilitythatacollegedegreeB)experienceisthebestteacherC)pastworkhistoriesinfluencepersonnelofficersmorethandegreesdoD)adegreefromafamousschoolenablesanapplicanttogainadvantageoverothersinjobcompetition9.Thispassageimpliesthat.A)buyingafalsedegreeisnotmoralB)personnelofficersonlyconsiderapplicantsfromfamousschoolsC)mostpeoplelieonapplicationsbecausetheyweredismissedfromschoolD)societyshouldbegreatlyresponsibleforlyingonapplications10.Asusedinthefirst.Lineofthesecondparagraph,theword“utter”means.A)addressC)thoroughB)ultimateD)decisivePassage3EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfault(斷層),whichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearthquakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri?BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812,threemajorearthquakesoccurred,allcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadrid,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere.Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestroyed.Wholeforestsfellatonce,andhugecracksopenedintheground,allowingsmellofsulfur（硫磺）tofilterupward.TheMississippiRiveritselfcompletelychangedcharacter,developingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools.Severaltimesitchangeditscourse,andonce,accordingtosomeobservers,itactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMadridearthquakes,probablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811;buttheseverityoftheearthquakesareshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharleston,SouthCarolina,onthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCity,andclockswerestoppedinWashington,D.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica’stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontalboundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthemovementofthesetwomassessuddenlylurches(傾斜)forward.TheNewMadridfault,ontheotherhand,isaverticalfault;asomepoint,possiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsago,rockwaspusheduptowardthesurface,probablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenly,thevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsed,leavinghugecracks.Evennow,therockcontinuestosettledownwards,andsuddensinkingmotionstrigger(觸發(fā))earthquakesintheregion.Thefaultitself,alargecrackinthislayerofrock,withdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromit,extendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernlllinois.ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811;thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycoming,butthescientistssayhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur.11.Thispassageismainlyabout.A)theNewMadridfaultinMissouriB)theSanAndreasandtheNewMadridfaultsC)thecausesoffaultsD)currentscientificknowledgeaboutfaults12.TheNewMadridfaultis.A)ahorizontalfaultB)averticalfaultC)amoreseriousfaultthantheSanAndreasfaultD)responsibleforformingtheMississippiRiver13.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat.A)itisprobablyasdangeroustoliveinMissouriasinCaliforniaB)theNewMadridfaultwilleventuallydevelopamountainrangeinMissouriC)CaliforniawillbecomeanislandinfutureD)AbigearthquakewilloccurtoCaliforniasoon14.Thispassageimpliesthat.A)horizontalfaultsaremoredangerousthanverticalfaults.B)VerticalfaultsaremoredangerousthanhorizontalfaultsC)EarthquakesoccuronlyaroundfaultareasD)Californiawillbreakintopiecesbyaneventualearthquake15.Asusedinthefirstsentenceofthefourthparagraph,theword“essentially”means.A)greatlyC)basicallyB)extremelyD)necessarilyPassage4Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs(粘膜炎)andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefire,wouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy(中風).Thesuddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodeexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic(滑稽的)press.Thiskindofthing:‘Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.’Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.16.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat.A)aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogetherB)peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobeC)alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikelyD)Railwayleadstheworldtopeace17.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept.A)therailwayenablespeopletravelfastB)therailwaybringscomforttopeopleC)therailwaymakestheworldpeacefulD)therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell.18.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut.A)tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealthB)thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snervesC)therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungsD)tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie19.Wemaysafelyconcludethat.A)theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroupB)theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroupC)theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailwayD)theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers20.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?A)PracticalC)SatiricalB)Humorous.D)ExaggeratedPassage5In1960-1961,Chad(乍得)harvested9800tonsofcottonseedforthefirsttimeinitshistory,andputouttheflagalittletoosoon.Theeffortsoftheauthoritiestogetthepeasants‘back’towork,astheyhadslackedoff(松懈)agreatdealthepreviousyearduringindependencecelebrations,largelycontributedtoit.Also,rainswerewellspaced,andcontinuedthroughthewholemonthofOctober.Ifthe1961-1962totalisbacktotheregionof45000tons,itismostlybecauseeffortsslackenedagainandsowingwasstartedtoolate.TheaveragedateofsowingisaboutJuly1st.Ifthisdateissimplymovedupfifteenortwentydays,30000to60000tonsofcottonaregained,dependingontheyear.ThepeasantinChadsowshismillet(小米)first,anditishardtocriticizethisinstinctiveprioritygiventohis‘dailybread’.Anessentialreasonforhislatenesswithsowingcottonisthatatthetimewhenheshouldleavetopreparethefieldshehasjustbarelysoldthecottonofthepreviousseason.Theworkrequiredtosow,ingreatheat,ispsychologicallyfarmoredifficultifone’spocketsarefullofmoney.Thedateofcottonsalesshouldthereforebemovedforwardasmuchaspossible,andpurchasesofequipmentanddraughtanimalsencouraged.Peasantsshouldalsobeencouragedtosavemoney,tohelpthemthroughthedifficultperiodbetweenharvests.Ifnecessarytheyshouldbeforcedtodoso,byhavingthepaymentsforcottongiventothemininstallments(分期付款).Thelastpaymentwouldbemadeafterproofthatthepeasanthasplantedbeforethedeadline,