介詞講解,練習(xí)題及答案

1、四：介 詞介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。介詞分為三種，一種是簡(jiǎn)單介詞，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一種是短語(yǔ)介詞，即由兩個(gè)以上的詞組組成的短語(yǔ)，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；還有一種叫二重介詞，如until after, from behind等。（一）介詞的句法功能介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成份，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。1、作定語(yǔ)：The book on the table is mine.2、作狀語(yǔ)：We hav

2、e breakfast at seven.（表時(shí)間）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）3、作表語(yǔ)：My dictionary is in the bag.4、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：I found him in the office.（二）主要介詞區(qū)別1、表示時(shí)間的at, in, on：at表示片刻的時(shí)間，如：at 8 oclock ，常用詞組有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at

3、 the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的時(shí)間，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on總是跟日子有關(guān)，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morni

4、ng等。2、表示時(shí)間的since和from：since表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過(guò)程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)連用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示時(shí)間的in和after：兩者都表示“在（某個(gè)時(shí)間）之后，區(qū)別在于in表示“在（一段時(shí)間）之后”，而after則表示“在（某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后）”，in短語(yǔ)和將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用，after短語(yǔ)和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用。如：Well be

5、 back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意：after有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后（常用在過(guò)去時(shí)里）。如：After two months he returned.4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to th

6、e east of China.5、表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.6、表示“穿過(guò)”的through和across：through表示從內(nèi)部通過(guò)，與in 有關(guān)；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過(guò)，與on有關(guān)。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man

7、walked across the street.7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的內(nèi)面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是內(nèi)面，也不是外面，而含內(nèi)外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角處”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.8、

8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“終于”解，可單獨(dú)使用，后不接介詞of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到盡頭”，既可指時(shí)間，也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨(dú)使用；by the end of 作“在結(jié)束時(shí)”，“到末為止”解，只能指時(shí)間。不可單獨(dú)使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English

9、evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.9、表示“關(guān)于”的about 和on：兩者都有“關(guān)于”的意思，不過(guò)前者為一般用詞，而后者為較正式的“論述”。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.10、between, among：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，between表示兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如：You are to sit between your

10、father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有時(shí)說(shuō)的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系，適用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在談到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分居兩邊時(shí)用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在談事物間的差別時(shí)，總是用between。如：They dont know the difference betwee

11、n wheat, oats and barley.11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了還有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，減去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 與except意思近似，表示“除了外”經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問(wèn)詞后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示“如無(wú)

12、就，只是”表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語(yǔ)言、聲音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.13、in cha

13、rge of和in the charge of：兩者都表示“由誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)、照顧、管理”。區(qū)別在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面則跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。14、as, like：as作“作為”、“以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事實(shí)是父親）；like作“象一樣”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事實(shí)上

14、不是父親）。15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是“在前面”的意思（不在某物內(nèi)）； in the front of則是“在前部”的意思（在某物內(nèi)）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。16、in, into：into表示動(dòng)向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, p

15、ut, throw, break等終止性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，也可以表示動(dòng)向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬幣放進(jìn)衣袋。練習(xí)（一）、介 詞1. The teacher is writing _ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing _ink in exercise books. A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with2. The worker can make chairs _ wood, and

16、 also can make paper _ wood.A. from, of B. of, from C. of. of D. from, from3. Mary dropped in _ Mr Smith, but he wasn t at home, so she went to drop in _ Mr Smiths office. A. on, on B. at, at C. on. at D. at. on4. The teacher is not only strict _ his pupils but also strict _ his own work.A. with, wi

17、th B.in,in C. in, with D. with, in5. His grandfather died _ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grand-mother died _ hungry and cold. A.from,of B.of,from C.from,from D.of.of6. If you run _ two hares you will catch neither. A.into B.after C.off D. out of7. This is a common mis

18、take _ students. A. between B.over C. among D. about8. My father began to work _ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.A.for B.to C.at D.as9. _ hearing the news, I was wild _ joy. A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over10.I don t think Xiao Li is _ the other students _ mathematics.A. after

19、, on B. after, with C. behind, in D. behind, at11. Nobody knows it _ me. A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but12. The window is never opened _ in summer. A. but B. except C. except for D. but for13. It happened _ the Long March. A. during B.in C.at D.for14. We go to school _ a bike. A.in B.

20、on C.by D.ove15. Its very kind_ you to repair the bike _ me.A.for.for B.of,of C.of,for D.for,of16. Fresh air is good _ your health. A.at B.for C.of D.to17.The boy is waiting _ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait _ their sick mother.A.for,on B.on,for C.for,for D.on.on18.The group is m

21、ade up_five students. And they are studying hard to make up_ the lost time.A.of,of B.for,for C.of,for D.for,of19.The PLA man saved the boy _ death. A. of B.from C.to D.on20. He will come _ three days. A.before B.after C. in D. later21. He went to Beijing and returned _ three days.A. in B. before C.

22、later D. after22. He will return_ three oclock. A.after B.in C.on D.at23. He wrote the article _ three days. A.at B.in C.on D.by24.I agree _ what you said. A.to B.on C.with D.at25. Do you agree_ this plan (arrangement)? A.at B.with C.on D.to26. Finally they agreed _ the terms of the contract. A.on B

23、.to C.with D.at27. Do you often hear_ your brother? A. of B. from C. out of D. about28.1 heard _ the book long ago, but I have never read it. A. out B.from C.of D.with29. The plane flew _ the city. A. across B.past C. through D.over30. We walked _ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese Hist

24、ory.A. across B. through C.by D.past31.I was wandering _ the streets when I caught sight of a tailors shop.A. across B. through C.by D.past32. Our bus drove _ the Great Hall of the People.A. across B. through C. past D.over33. _ the sun, nothing would grow.A. For B.With C. Under D. Without34. The te

25、acher is busy _ teaching.A.with B.for C.on D.of35. The teacher is busy _ correcting papers.A. for B.in C.on D.of36. We left Xi an _._ a very hot summer afternoon.A. on B.in C. during D.by37. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming_ her.A. but B. except C. except for D. withou

26、t38. His teacher was angry _ him _ his being late.A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about39. My father was disappointed _ the news.A. by B. about C. at D. on40. Mr Wang went to Nanjing _ October,1998 and came back home _ the morning of Nov. 5.A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.by;from41 .My uncle lives _

27、105 Huanghe Street. His room is _ the fifth floor.A.at;on B.td;at C.on;in D.of;to42. I dont think you can work out the maths problem _ the teachers help.A. since B. unless C. because D. without43. He is running _ the wind towards the east of the station _ Tom is running _ the right.A. down; and; on

28、B. against; while; on C.for;with;in D. with; while; to44. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck _ the beauty of nature that he stayed _ another night.A.at;on B.with;at C.for;in D.by;for45. Many people are still _ the habit of writing silly things _ public places.A.at;at B.in;in C.into;of D.during;at46.

29、 - Do you go there _ bus? - No, we go there _ a train.A. in; on B.on;on C.by;in D.by; with47. I made the coat _ my own hands. It was made _ hand, not with a machine.A. in; in B.in; with C. with; by D. with; with48. The trees _ front of the house are _ the charge of Old Li.A. in; in B. at; in C. in;

30、by D. from; in49. The old man died _ cold _ a cold night.A. from; at B.of;in C.of;on D. for; during50. Does John know any other foreign languages _ French?A. except B. but C. besides D. beside51. He looked quite healthy _ he was _ the age of seventy.A. when; at B. because; in C. if; for D. though; a

31、t52. - How long has the bookshop been in business? -_1982.A. After B.In C.From D.Since53. Did you have any trouble _ the post office?A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding54.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do _ it.A.about B.with C.for D.of55. Something must be done to pre

32、vent our city _ by thick smoke.A. to be polluted B. from polluting C. from being polluted D. polluting56._ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?A. The teacher as well as B. Nobody but C. The teacher besides D. All except57. Henry,_ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is w

33、rong?A. together with B. like C. and not D. but in addition to58. Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian.A. in B.at C.to D.on59. His father will be back from London _ a few days.A.since B.in C.on D.after60. We offered him our congratulations _ his passing the college entrance exams.A.at B.on C.for D.of61 .T

34、he word write has the same pronunciation _ the word right.A. of B.as C.to D.from62. The train leaves _ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p. m. at the latest.A. at; until B. for; after C.at;by D. before; around63. Go _ the gate and you 11 find the entrance _ the park _ the other side.A. through; to; on B. along ;of; on C. down; to; at D. up; of; by64. One _ five will have the chance to join in the game.A. within B. among C. in D. from65. Because of her devotion _ music, she has become friendly with Mr. Zhang.A. in B. to C. with D. on 66. What idea can a man who i