2014高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)(第二講)數(shù)詞和主謂一致(23頁(yè))

1、第二講 數(shù)詞和主謂一致,語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí),一、主謂一致考點(diǎn)透析 謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，需在人稱和數(shù)上與主語(yǔ)保持一致。處理主謂一致問(wèn)題可依據(jù)三項(xiàng)原則： 1語(yǔ)法一致：主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般適用語(yǔ)法一致原則。,(1)The boy is clever enough to learn mathematics well. (2)All the students are listening to their teacher attentively. (3)Collecting stamps gives me pleasure an

2、d betters my understanding of the world as well. (4)What you do is different from what you say.,2意義一致：有時(shí)要從意義著眼處理主謂一致問(wèn)題。數(shù)學(xué)算式、集合名詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、“the形容詞” 充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般適用意義一致原則。例如： (1)Five pound is quite enough for you to buy a radio or a walkman，something like that. (2)His family was going to have a long journey，bu

3、t on the day when they were supposed to set off，some family were ill，so they had to cancel the plan.,3就近一致：謂語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 當(dāng)not only.but also.，or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not.but.，whether.or.等連詞連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，以及在there be 句型、倒裝句中，一般適用就近一致原則。例如： (1)He didnt say whether some English novels or an English dict

4、ionary was wanted. (2)Not only you but also he is to blame.,溫馨提示： 1a number of名詞復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式； the number of名詞單/復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式。 2.a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，twothirds of，fifty percent of等短語(yǔ)后接名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)依名詞的數(shù)而定，即后接不可數(shù)名詞或名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。,3one and a half名詞復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。 4many a名詞單數(shù)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。 5every名詞

5、單數(shù)and every名詞單數(shù)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。 Every boy and every girl in the area was invited.,強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練一,(一)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和句子連貫的要求，用括號(hào)中單詞的正確形式填空。 1A poet and artist _ (come) to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. 2A survey of the opinions of experts _ (show) that three hours of outdoo

6、r exercise a week _ (be) good for ones health.,is,is coming,shows,3All the employees except the manager _ (encourage) to work online at home. 4All the preparations for the task _ (complete), and we are ready to start. 5As a result of destroying the forest, a large quantity of desert _ (cover) the la

7、nd. 6As a result of the serious flood, twothirds of the buildings in the area_ (need) repairing.,need,are encouraged,have been completed,has covered,7As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ (keep) rising these days. 8Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ (wea

8、r) evening dress. 9Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ (invite) 10Either you or one of your students _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.,is,keeps,wears,was invited,11Every possible means _ (use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still n

9、ot clear. 12He is the only one of the students who _ (be) a winner of scholarship for three years. 13I told him what I was surprised at _ (be) his attitude towards his study. 14Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers. 15Most of what has been said about the S

10、miths _ (be) also true of the Johnsons.,is,has been used,has been,was,has caused,(二) 語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。 Every policeman 1. _ given special training for the job. No two days 2. _the same. Each day 3. _ different. But the job 4. _ as exciting or glamorous as s

11、ome people think. Not all policemen 5. _ allowed to carry guns. A number of police officers here 6. _ (work) with dogs. An officer and his,work,is,are,is,isnt,are,dog 7. _(have) to work closely together. One of our jobs 8. _to prevent crime happening in the first place. A lot of crimes 9. _caused by

12、 people being careless. Sorry，I have to go now. Someone have 10. _ reported a robbery.,just,have,is,are,二、數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)透析 1hundred，thousand，million，billion表示確切的數(shù)目時(shí)，不能加s ，如：two hundred students。如果表示不確切的數(shù)目，則在后加s ，并與of連用，如：hundreds of teachers，thousands of farmers，millions of stars。 2scores of與dozens of都表示概數(shù)，意為

13、“數(shù)十， 許多”，a score eggs(二十個(gè)雞蛋)、 a dozen eggs(十二個(gè)/一打雞蛋)都是成立的，但可以說(shuō) a score of eggs，不能說(shuō) a dozen of eggs。,3年代的表示法有兩種。20世紀(jì)80年代可寫(xiě)成 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s。 4“基數(shù)詞名詞”構(gòu)成的定語(yǔ)，其中的名詞用單數(shù)。例如：a threemonth baby，an 800wordcomposition。 5序數(shù)詞前如有the，表順序，如： the Second World War，the first question; 如果序數(shù)詞前有不定冠詞a，則表示“再， 又”

14、。例如： Ive failed six times，but I decided to have a seventh try.,6常見(jiàn)的含數(shù)詞的短語(yǔ)： in twos and threes 三三兩兩 one or two days沒(méi)幾天；一兩天 first of all首先 second to none 首屈一指，不亞于任何人 one by one 一個(gè)一個(gè)地 ten to one十之八九 one in ten十分之一 fifty fifty對(duì)半,強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練一,根據(jù)中文完成句子 1我身高1米71，體重75公斤。 Im _ and I weigh _. 2百分之四十四的學(xué)生認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)收取費(fèi)用。 _ t

15、hink that fees should be charged. 3我很高興收到你6月7日的來(lái)信。 I was very glad to receive your letter _.,dated/of June 7,71 meters tall,75 kilograms,Fortyfour percent of the students,4這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在2012年2月8日早上7點(diǎn)15分。 The story happened _ on the morning of _. 5沿著這800米的街道有300多家商店。 Along this _ street, there are _. 6這套房子有

16、25平方米， 有一間臥室、一間浴室和一個(gè)廚房。 It is _， with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.,at 7：15,800meterlong,February 8th, 2012,more than 300 shops,25 square meters,7如圖2所示， 他們只有10%的業(yè)余時(shí)間用在體育活動(dòng)上。 As is shown on _， only _ _ is spent on sports activities. 8上周， 我們對(duì)2 600名學(xué)生就“誰(shuí)是你的偶像”做了一個(gè)調(diào)查。 Last week, we did a survey a

17、mong _ on “Who is your idol”,2,600 students,Chart 2,10% of their spare time,9圖書(shū)館開(kāi)放時(shí)間是周一到周五從早上9點(diǎn)到晚上7點(diǎn)，周末不開(kāi)門。 The library is open _ from Monday to Friday and closed on weekends. 10這個(gè)活動(dòng)將持續(xù)23天， 從6月1日至23日。 The activity will last _， from _. 11你可以搭17或59路巴士，地鐵2號(hào)線在那也有一個(gè)站。 You may take _ and _ has a stop ther

18、e too.,subway line 2,from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m.,about ten days,June 1st to 23rd,buses No.17 or 59,12前門大街是一個(gè)著名的大街，有600多年的歷史。 Qianmen Street is a famous street with a history of _. 13昨天氣溫下降到了攝氏零下8度。 Yesterday the temperature dropped to _. 14澳大利亞人Allan Stewart出生于1915年3月7日，2006年他獲碩士學(xué)位，是世界上獲得碩士學(xué)位年齡最大的人。,8 below zero,more than 600 years,Born _， Allan Stewart, an Australian, become