英語的基本句式.ppt

1、1. 基本句式,一. 簡單句 1. 主謂（賓） E.g. The sun rises. Yellow leaves are falling. Were doing exercises. I made some simple English sentences.,2. 主系表 E.g. Our teacher is a young lady. The question was simple. It becomes difficult. The student beside me seems satisfied with his answer. My paper remains unchanged

2、.,3. 主謂雙賓 E.g. My desk mate offers me a help. She hands me her answer. He lent me his notes yesterday. 常接雙賓語的動詞：send / give / show / promise / bring,4. 主謂賓補 1) a. 作補語 E.g. I found her very considerate. All of us consider her very capable. I thought the book interesting. 2) n.作補語 E.g. I call her “ang

3、el”. She proved herself an excellent student. 3) As 引導 E.g. She took these words as a joke. She regards me as a friend. View asseeasregardas think of as,5. There be 存在句型 E.g. There are several reasons to explain it. There will be a miracle. There must be someone in the room. There seems to be no way

4、 to make us closer. There are several factors / two main reasons leading to / contributing to the booming of Chinas higher education.,6it 作形式主語 It is (was) + a./n. + (for sb.) + to do sth. E.g. It is important for us to learn to write English essays. It is pleasant for the mother to see her daughter

5、 growing into a young lady. It is our responsibility to help people around us.,7it 作形式賓語 v. + it 形式賓語+ 補語 真正賓語 E.g. We consider it useless arguing with him. He found it impossible to complete the program by himself. Lack of money makes it hard for one to start a new business. The poor teaching facil

6、ities make it difficult for teachers and students to have proper teaching and learning.,8強調(diào)句型,(1) it is (was) that (who) it is (was) + 被強調(diào)的成分，由that引導句子其余成分；被強調(diào)部分為主語并指人時，也可用who引導。 原句：John bought a new book for Mary yesterday. 強調(diào)主語: It is John that/who bought a new book for Mary yesterday. 強調(diào)直接賓語: It

7、is a new book that John bought for Mary yesterday. 強調(diào)間接賓語: It is for Mary that John bought a new book yesterday. 強調(diào)時間狀語: It was yesterday that John bought a new book for Mary.,翻譯練習： 1.正是校長為我開的門。 It was the headmaster who opened the door for me. 2.就是在昨天我們做了那個實驗。 It was yesterday that we carried out t

8、hat experiment.,(2) 用形容詞“very”，“single”等表示強調(diào) Red Army fought a battle on this very spot. 紅軍就在此地打過一仗。 Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon. 今天下午竟然沒有一個人來過辦公室。 (3) 用反身代詞表示強調(diào) I myself will see her off at the station. 我將親自到車站為她送行。 You can do it well yourself. 你自己能做好這件事情。,(4)用助詞“do”表示

9、強調(diào) The baby is generally healthy， but every now and then she does catch a cold. 那孩子的健康狀況尚好，但就是偶爾患感冒。 Do be quiet. I told you I had a headache. 務必安靜，我告訴過你，我頭疼。,(5) 用副詞“very”，“only”，“even”，“too”，“just” 等表示強調(diào) He drank it to the very last drop. 他把它喝得一干二凈。 Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troop

10、s. 只有用這樣的方法我們才能消滅敵軍。 He didnt answer even my letter. 他甚至連我的信都不回。 I will too go! 我要去的! The scenery is just superb. 風景真是美極了。,(6)用“.and that”，“.and those”，“not.too much”，“否定加否定”等結(jié)構(gòu)表示強調(diào) They fulfilled the task， and that in a few days. 他們在幾天內(nèi)完成的就是那項任務。 I gave her some presents， and those the day before y

11、esterday. 前天我送給她的就是那些禮物。 I cant thank you too much. 我無論怎樣感謝你都不過份。 I am not unfaithful to you. 我對你無比忠誠。,(7) 用短語“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等表示強調(diào) His behavior was in every way perf

12、ect. 他的舉止確實無可挑剔。 By all means take your son with you. 你一定要把兒子帶來。 The news was only too true. 這消息確實是事實。 It was over all too soon! 此事的確了結(jié)得很快! Where in heaven were you then? 當時你到底在哪里? Nobody under the sun would buy that car. 確實沒有人會買那輛車。,(8)用倒裝句表示強調(diào) Dishonest he is! 他的確不誠實! In wine is the truth. 酒后吐真言。

13、Here we are! 我們到了！ There comes the bus! 汽車來了！,二. 復合句,1. 主語從句 從句的位置 That she will succeed is certain. It is certain that she will succeed. It is a mystery how the prisoner escaped. It is doubtful whether she would play the part. Whether she would play the part is doubtful. (if 只能引導主語從句和賓語從句，而且不能位于句首，

14、不能接不定式，不能加or not ),(1). it is + a. + that (表示要求，命令等的詞從句用虛擬) It is natural / obvious / fortunate / possible / unlikely / strange It is best that he should go. It is important that we work out a plan to cope with the crisis. It is essential that the government take measures to stop it.,(2). it is + n.

15、 + that (表示要求，命令等的詞從句用虛擬) It is a pity/fact/good news/no wonder / shame / common knowledge (3). it is + v.ed. + that It is unknown / said / reported / has been proved / believed It is estimated that a trip to that city takes 5 days. It is generally believed that _. (4). it + seem / happen / matter /

16、 appear / turn out + that It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.,(5)“what”引導的名詞性從句 What is done cannot be undone. 其作用等于名詞詞組，相當于名詞定語從句 E.g. The article deals with the problem which the author calls the “generation gap”. The article deals with what the author calls the “generation gap”.

17、What I really care about is _.,2賓語從句,The boy dreamed that he was flying to the moon. I wish she could understand me. That 可以省略，但是在agree, argue, hold, maintain, suggest后面不省略。 They demand that these stores should be closed immediately. I suggest that we put efforts to solve the problem. V. + 間接賓語 that

18、 Id like to remind you all that this problem isnt new. She promised us that she would give us more help. (tell, inform),Wonder / doubt / ask / know / imagine + wh- I dont know what she has bought for her husband in this special day. He wondered if the letter was lost. Can you imagine what kind of de

19、cision would be arrived at? 形容詞that從句 Delighted / convinced / aware / certain / glad / proud Im afraid Ive made a mistake. We are glad that there has been much progress in our programs.,It作形式賓語 We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to outside world. He has made it clear th

20、at he wont agree to this plan. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移 I dont think he can do it better than me. I dont suppose she likes the book.,3表語從句,This is how Jane lives. That is why Jack got scolded. It seems that it is going to snow. The reason why he was dismissed is that he was careless and irresponsible. It is because_. M

21、y opinion is that we take the initiative into our own hands. Our belief is that things will improve. The truth / fact is that _. What I particularly dislike about this movie is that the acting is really weak.,4同位語從句,同位語從句是表示與之同位的名詞詞組的實際內(nèi)容。 The news that we won the game is very encouraging. Nobody ca

22、n explain the mystery why he suddenly disappeared. They had to face the fact that the nearest station is thirty miles away. Any proposals that John should be dismissed must be resisted. .fact / idea / belief / suggestion / answer / decision / thought / opinion that He always works hard in spite of t

23、he fact that he is not in good health.,5. 定語從句,關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句 who, that ,which, whom, whose(=of whom) The man who was sick is now better. The watch which was lost yesterday has been found. The chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right. Beer is the most popular drink among men, whose overall consumptio

24、n is higher than that of women.,關(guān)系代詞的省略,1. 作直接賓語時可省略 e.g. The man (whom) you saw just now is our manager. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? Who was the woman you were talking with? The book you are reading is written by a contemporary American novelist. 2. 關(guān)系代詞放在介詞后作賓語時，不可省略。 e.g. This is the girl with whom he worked. This is the girl (whom) he worked with.,3. 非限制性從句中不能用that, 作賓語用的代詞不能省。 介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞，只能用whom或which. 先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞要用that。 先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first, last, any, only, much, no, some, very 等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞用that.,介詞關(guān)系代