研究生英語(yǔ)精讀教材TEXT_B.ppt

1、Book One,Text B,Book One,Reading,Text B,Language Points,Sentence Analysis,Book One,Sentence Analysis,Book One,1. I will argue that a line can be drawn and should be drawn to use gene transfer only for the treatment of serious disease, and not for any other purpose. (Para. 1, Line 4-6) argue：除了“爭(zhēng)論”、“

2、辯論”外，還有 “主張”、“認(rèn)為”的 意思，在議論文里argue經(jīng)常被用來(lái)表明或提出觀點(diǎn)。e.g. He argued that man was descended from apes. 他論證人類(lèi)的祖先是猿。draw a line：set a limit to what will be done 限制 e.g. We would like to invite everybody to our party, but we have to draw a line somewhere. 我們?cè)敢庋?qǐng)所有人參加晚會(huì)，但我們必須有所限制。譯文：我認(rèn)為可以并且應(yīng)該限制基因移植僅用于嚴(yán)重疾病的治療， 而不

3、能用來(lái)做別的。,Book One,2. The most obvious example at the moment would be in the insertion of a growth hormone gene into a normal child in the hope that this would make the child grow larger. (Para. 3, Line 4-6)in the hope that: 寄希望于，希望能類(lèi)似用法：in the hope of sth.e.g. A man saves money in the hope that infla

4、tion will not wipe it out. 人們之所以存錢(qián)就是希望它不至于被通貨膨脹吞沒(méi)。譯文：目前最明顯的例子就是將某種生長(zhǎng)激素基因注入一個(gè)正常孩子體 內(nèi)希望他能長(zhǎng)得更高。,Book One,3. And it would be morally precarious, in that it would require moral decisions our society is not now prepared to make, and it could lead to an increase in inequality and discriminatory practices.

5、(Para. 6, Line 3-5) precarious: dangerously lacking in security or stability 不穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)?，不安全?e.g. a precarious posture 不穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)淖藙?shì) precarious footing on the ladder 在梯子上沒(méi)站穩(wěn) He was unable to get down from his precarious position on the rocks. 他無(wú)法從危險(xiǎn)的巖石上下來(lái)。,Book One,in that: for the reason that; because 由于；因?yàn)?e.g

6、. Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak. 人不同于禽獸，在于人會(huì)思考、會(huì)說(shuō)話。 He didnt attend the negotiation in that he was ill. 他因?yàn)樯?，沒(méi)有參加談判。 譯文：這在道德上很危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗笪覀冞@個(gè)還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好的 社會(huì)在道德上進(jìn)行判斷，同時(shí)它將加劇社會(huì)不公和歧視行 為。,Book One,4. What if a human gene were cloned that could produce a brain chemical resulting in mark

7、edly increased memory capacity in monkeys after gene transfer? (Para. 10, Line 4-6) what if: 如果將會(huì)怎樣? e.g. What if you go intstead of me? 如果你代替我去會(huì)怎樣？ What if Jack scores a touchdown? 如果杰克底線得分，該怎么辦？ “that could produce a brain chemical” 是修飾human gene的定語(yǔ)從句， resulting in是修飾were cloned的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：如果克隆能產(chǎn)生

8、大腦化學(xué)物的人類(lèi)基因并把它移植到猴子的大 腦，使得猴子的記憶能力顯著增強(qiáng)，那會(huì)怎樣呢?,Book One,Language Points,Book One,n. a joint that holds two parts together so that one can swing relative to the other 鉸鏈，關(guān)鍵，樞紐，合頁(yè) e.g. The door opens easily because the hinges were oiled. 這門(mén)開(kāi)起來(lái)很容易，因?yàn)楹享?yè)上了油。 A casement is a window that opened by means of hi

9、nge at the side. 豎鉸鏈窗是一種用邊上的鉸鏈開(kāi)啟的窗戶。 vi. attach with a hinge, depend on 裝上合葉；用鉸鏈接合；取決于 e.g. This door is not well hinged. 這扇門(mén)的鉸鏈不靈活。 He hinged his action on future sales. 他的行動(dòng)取決于將來(lái)的銷(xiāo)路。,hinge,Book One,hinge on 取決于，隨而定，以為轉(zhuǎn)移 e.g. His acceptance will hinges on the terms. 他接受與否將視條件而定。 This plan hinges on

10、 her approval. 這個(gè)計(jì)劃取決于她同意與否。 off the hinges 脫節(jié)；損壞； 混亂；身體欠佳；驚慌失措 e.g. All business hear appears to be off the hinges. 這里的一切事情都顯得失常。,Book One,awe,n. an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration 敬畏 e.g. The children stared at the teacher with awe. 孩子很敬畏地凝視著老師。 We all listened to the venerable schola

11、r with awe. 我們都懷著敬畏之心傾聽(tīng)著這位德高望重的學(xué)者的講話。 be struck with awe hold sb. in awe 畏懼，敬畏 對(duì)某人敬畏；望而生畏 stand in awe of / be in awe of 對(duì)望而生畏；對(duì)感到害怕 vt. inspire with awe 使敬畏，使害怕 e.g. The silence awed the boy. 寂靜使這個(gè)小男孩害怕了。,Book One,awe into: force (sb.) into (a state) through fear and respect 威嚇，使敬畏 e.g. The childre

12、n were awed into silence by the new teachers commanding presence. 新老師來(lái)了，他的樣子很威嚴(yán)，嚇得孩子們都不敢吱聲了。,Book One,n. special skills or knowledge in a particular subject 專門(mén)技能/知識(shí)e.g. We are amazed at his expertise on the ski slope. 他斜坡滑雪的技能使我們贊嘆不已。 A foreign coach has special knowledge and expertise. 外國(guó)教練具有專門(mén)的知識(shí)和

13、專長(zhǎng)。例題： The areas of our mutual cooperation continue to expand. We have already agreed to cooperate more closely in trade, technology, investment, and exchanges of scientific and managerial _. A. result B. knowledge C. principle D. expertise句意：我們彼此合作的領(lǐng)域還在不斷增加。我們已經(jīng)商定在貿(mào)易、技術(shù)、投資以及科學(xué)與管理專門(mén)知識(shí)的交流等方面更密切地合作。,p

14、rinciple,expertise,Book One,n. unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice 歧視，區(qū)別對(duì)待 近義詞：favoritisme.g. We are strongly opposed to racial discrimination. 我們強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)種族歧視。 the ability to distinguish two things 辨別力，識(shí)別力e.g. He has a fine discrimination in choosing wine. 他有很好的品酒的鑒別力。 cultiv

15、ate a sort of discrimination 培養(yǎng)一種鑒別能力 train artistic discrimination 培養(yǎng)藝術(shù)鑒賞能力,discrimination,Book One,detract,vt. take (sb.s attention) away (from) 分散，轉(zhuǎn)移（注意）等，使分心 e.g. detract sbs attention from the real issues 轉(zhuǎn)移某人對(duì)實(shí)質(zhì)性重大問(wèn)題的注意 vi. ( from): 減損，詆毀，貶低 e.g. A little crack detracts from the value of the vase. 花瓶上的小裂痕降低了它的價(jià)值。 That does not detract from his merit. 那無(wú)損于他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 detract from the work of other people 詆毀他人的工作,Book One,adolescent,n. a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;in the state of development between puberty and maturity青少年，青春期近義詞：stripling, teena