定語從句 (3).ppt

1、什么叫定語從句?,在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。 起修飾作用的成分定語 定語從句所修飾的成分先行詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞 The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. book是定語從句所修飾的詞,叫先行詞,which用來引導(dǎo)定語從句I am reading叫關(guān)系代詞 1.定語從句放在先行詞后面 2.引導(dǎo)定語從句的有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whose, whom和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,找出下列句中的定語從句，先行詞和關(guān)系代詞,It is not him that

2、I want. Everybody that goes to church looks nice. Do you see the house which is made of stone? The bike that he lost a week ago has been found. A shop seller is a person who sells goods in the shop. This is not the paper which is used for boxes. The TV play which we saw last night was funny and. Thi

3、s is the first ship that crossed the river this morning. The lady whom were going to visit is a manager. The girl whom we met in the street is my sister. They live in a room whose windows face south. The girl whose hair are golden is my sister. Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.,用定語從

4、句改寫下列句子,1.The teacher is Miss Liu. She teaches us English. 2. We live in a house. The house was built in 1989. 3. She is Toms sister. Her eyes are blue. 4. I will remember the day. It is my birthday. 5. The factory is my uncles. Were going to visit on Sunday. 6. The children grow healthy and strong.

5、 The old woman is looking after the children.,The teacher who teaches us English is Miss Liu.,The house which we live in was built in 1989.,The girl whose eyes are blue is Toms sister.,I will remember the day which is my birthday.,The factory which were going to visit on Sunday is my uncles,The old

6、woman is looking after the children who grow healthy and strong.,找出下列關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞在句中所作成份,The boy who are playing football are my classmates. She is the girl who I will go to shanghai with. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. Which is the bike that you lost? The

7、 hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. Do you know the reason why he was late? Ill never forget the day when I join the Party. Which is the Asian country whose economy is growing the fastest?,選擇關(guān)系代詞的特殊情況,1 做賓語時 who,whom, that一般可互換。但當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語時且介詞提前時，只能用whom. The man whom you spoke to is Mr. Liu. These

8、are the people whom we traveled with in London. This is the famous singer whom we had heard about many times.,2. 作賓語時that, which 一般可互換，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語且介詞提前，只能用which.,This is the house which once Lu Xun lived in. This is the office which his grandfather used to work in. The film which he played in is Hero

9、.,3. 用 whose 作作關(guān)系代詞時，可換成 the + 名詞 + of + which / whom e.g. They lived in a room whose windows face south. The girl whose hairs are golden is my sister. I know the boy whose mother is our math teacher.,the windows of which,the hairs of whom,the mother of whom,4 在下列情況中只用that而不用 which.,先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修

10、飾時 This is the best film that has been shown in the city. Well never forget the first lesson our English teacher gave us.,當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時，如all, little, few, much, some，something, anything, everything, none, nothing, no one, All that is worth doing should be done well. Nothing that he talked about can be

11、seen now.,d. 當(dāng)先行詞中既有人又有物時。 They talked the teachers and schools that they had visited.,e. 當(dāng)先行詞是way/moment/time/reason/distance This is the first time that Im in Beijing.,f. 當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時 Who is that man that is reading the newspaper over there？,c. 當(dāng)先性詞被all/every/no/some/any/little/much/one

12、 of/ the only/ the very/the right/last/few/just修飾時 Are there any questions that trouble you much? The only thing that she could do was going to the police for help.,5. 下列情況中只用who引導(dǎo)定語從句 all/those作先行詞且指人時 All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion. Those who want to go to the

13、cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. b. 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的不定代詞時，如one/anyone/no one/all/nobody/anybody/none The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well.,關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，有數(shù)種作用,在定語從句中代替先行詞。 在從句中擔(dān)任成分狀語，以及在從句中起副詞和介詞短語作用。 其連接作用，它把兩個句子連接成為一個帶有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句。,關(guān)系副詞wh

14、en， where 和why在從句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法,造句：我們住過的那個旅館不干凈。 The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. =The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean. =The hotel that we stayed at wasnt clean. =The hotel we stayed wasnt clean.,Jurassic Park is about a park + a very rich ma

15、n keeps different dinosaurs in the park(there). =Jurassic Park is about a park where a very rich man keeps different dinosaur where 做地點狀語 代替there（副詞）或in the park（介詞短語）,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別,主要看其在從句中的成分 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語,賓語或表語 關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語 This is the house where I worked 2 years ago. This is the house which/that I

16、visited 2 years ago. Ill never forget the day when I join the Party. Ill never forget the day which/that we spent together. This is the reason why I was late. This is the reason which/that he gave us.,判斷改錯,1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 2.I will never forget the days when

17、I spent in the countryside.,which,which,Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one,將兩句變?yōu)榭隙ň? This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. This is the museum _ the exhibition

18、was held.,限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句,1. 限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如： This is the house which we bought last month. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. The village is beautiful. The village where I was born is beautiful. Lanjing is beautiful

19、. Lanjing, where I was born, is beautiful.,2. 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞(球類、疾病、學(xué)科等獨(dú)一無二的事物時); 或先行詞由物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. He

20、 caught SARS, which threatened people a lot,3. 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. They moved the fallen tree, which took them a long time,注意,關(guān)系代詞that 和關(guān)系副詞w

21、hy不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞不可以省略 非限制性定語從句中whom不可以用who替換,He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother，whom he loved and respected as his own mother,Sample answers to the exercise (P41),I finished reading the book which my father gave me for the birthday. The car, which had been parked in front of our house for more than a week, was stolen. Paula, whose husband died, lives alone on the fourth floor. My sister Ellen, whom you saw yesterday at the party, is a nurse. This morning Andrew, whose mother is a doctor, told me abou