《Reiss徐海艷》PPT課件.ppt

1、Katharina Reiss,凱瑟琳娜萊斯,功能學派代表人物及作品,凱瑟琳娜萊斯 （Katharina Reiss）-文本類型理論 漢斯弗米爾（Hans Vermeer）-目的論 賈斯塔霍茨-曼塔里 （Justa Holz Manttari）-翻譯行為論 克里斯汀娜諾德 （Christiane Nord）-功能加忠誠理論 漢斯荷尼西 （Hans G. Honig） if,besides the language difference of the TL readers, there is a change in the reading circle, etc.舉例,Written texts

2、 are to be characterized as “one-way communication”。 This means, on the one hand, that non-linguistic elements contributing to oral communication are partly verbalized.(gestures, facial expressions, speed of speech, intonation, etc.),1.2 Communication comprises linguistic and non-linguistic action,O

3、n the other hand, the text analysis is made more difficult by the limitation of the possibilities of explicit verbalization of such elements as well as by the spatio-temporal separation between addresser and addressee and the lack of feedback during the act of communication.,1.3 A significant factor

4、 for translating,Language is a temporal phenomenon and thus subject to the conditions of time. This also applies to language in written texts, which is a significant factor for translating. Two consequence of the fact : First consequence is that SL text does not guarantee functional equivalence with

5、 TL text any more. Second consequence may be the loss of understanding of the original SL text functions.,2.0 Phrase of analysis In order to place a functionally equivalent TL text beside an SL text the translator should clarify the functions of the SL text. This may be done in a three-stage-process

6、.They are the following three parts-text type,text variety and style. 2.1 Establishment of the text-type Text-type: A phenomenon going beyond a single linguistic or cultural context.,There are three text types, a. The communication of content -informative type b. The communication of artistically or

7、ganized content - expressive type c. The communication of content with a persuasive character - operative type Eg. a,The particular frequency of words and phrases of evaluation (positive for the addresser or for the cause to which he has committed himself; negative for any obstacle to his commitment

8、),b, “The feature that speech elements are capable of pointing beyond themselves to a significance of the whole” (Grosse 1976) c,? Mixed forms: when we accept the three text types, the informative, expressive and the operative type, as the basic forms of written communication (intercultural), it sho

9、uld be taken into account that these types are not only realized in their “pure” form, that is, that they do not always appear in their “fully realized form”.,Eg. versified legal texts in the Middle Ages; in order for their content to be acceptable, they had to be presented in verse form=greater dig

10、nity of rhymed language! (Mixed form between informative and expressive text type.) A additional type ,a hyper-type- the multi-medial text type. The need for this arises from the fact that the translating material does not only consist of written texts, but also include verbal texts,2.2 Establishmen

11、t of the text variety Text variety: as super-individual acts of speech or writing, which are linked to recurrent actions of communications and in which particular patterns of language and structure have developed because of their recurrence in similar communicative constellations. Eg. 1. 24 lines+2

12、lines: structural pattern for the sonnet,2. English death notice: FRANCIS. On Thursday, March 17, Jenny, beloved wife of Tony Francis and mother of Anthony. Service at St. Marys Church, Elloughton, 9.50 a.m., Tuesday, March 22, followed by cremation. No letters or flowers, please.,2.3 Establishment of the analysis of style Let style in this connection be understood to mean the ad hoc selection of linguistic signs and of their possibilities of combination supplied by the language system.,3.0 Phase of reverbalization The