Chapter 2 Phonology.ppt

1、chapter2phoneticsitaimstoanswerquestionslike : howtheyareproduced、how they differ from each other、whatphoneticfeaturestheer how t 魔法少女！ kill/dill/； 戴爾/千兆/p、b、t、d、k、g/、2.3.2最小配件、Cut/but。 big/peg； 峰值/峰值/k、b； 乙、丙； p、l/、2.3.2 Minimal set (最小對立集)、minimal set : whenagroupofwordscanbedifferentiated、eachone

2、fromtheoom bychanginephonemealway 最小集合，2.3.2最小集合，比特，比特， basition fig、dig、wig、2.3.2 Minimal set、fig (無花果) wig (假發(fā))、2.3.3 Free variation (自由變體) whentwoormoresoundsoccurinthesamepositition 免費驗證，免費驗證，免費驗證， 2.3.3 Free variation (自由變量)如果2個音素出現(xiàn)在同一聲音環(huán)境中，則無法區(qū)別意義，如果只產(chǎn)生相同聲音的不同讀音，則這2個音素為2.3.3 Free variation (自由

3、變量) hotclasseconom 2.3.4 Distinctive features (區(qū)別特征) theyarethosefeatureswhicharephonologicallyrelevantpropertiesandcandistinguishmeaning，for example bilabing andvoicelessnessinenglishphonology .2.3.4 Distinctive features (區(qū)別特征)是與聲音系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的、即能夠區(qū)別意義的聲音特征，例如在英語聲音系統(tǒng)中的爆炸， thedescriptionofenglishconsonants、

4、consonant手機of English、2.3.5 syllablesandconsonantcluster、 2.3.3 syllablescanbedefinedbothphoneticallyandphonologically .2.3.5 Syllables、phonetically、 syllablesareusuallydescribedasconsistingofacenterwhichaslittleornoairflowandwhichsoundscomparativelyloud .2.3.5 the center is u 2.3.5 Syllables、Phonol

5、ogically、syllablesaredefinedbythewayinwhichvowelsandconsonantscombinetoformvarioussequences .2.3.5 s mostwordsoftwosyllableshavetheirstressonthefirstsyllable .2.3.5 Syllables、Recent。 移動； 蘋果；2.3.5 Syllables、wordsofthreeormoresyllablesarestressedonthirdsyllablefromtheend .2.3.5 Syllables Recently；2.3.

6、5可插拔、使用世界安全、-ish、-tion、-ture、etc.nearlyalwaysshowtheirstresson culture；2.3.5 Syllables、thissyllablehasbeenbrokenupintoitsonset (anyconsonantsprecedingthevowel ) anditsrhyme (allphonemesfromthevowel 2.3.5 Syllable Structure (音節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu))、asyllablecle the rhyme and the onset .2.3.5 Syllable Structure (音節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu))可

7、以將一個音節(jié)分為兩個部分、韻基和節(jié)首。2.3.5音節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)、Onset句首Rhyme韻基Nucleus核心Coda韻尾、2.3.5音節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)。 the consonant (s ) afteritwillbetermedthecoda .2.3.5 Syllable Structure (音節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu))，韻基中的元音是核心，其后面的輔音用術(shù)語韻尾表示。2.3.5可抽取結(jié)構(gòu)(音節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu))、allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda .2、2.3.5可抽取結(jié)構(gòu)、2.3.5 Syllable Structure (音

8、節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu))、asyllablewithacodaisaclosedsyllablewhileasyllablethasnocodaiscalledanopensystem2.3.5syllable thesyllablecanbestructuredhierarchicallyintothefollowingcomponents 3360，2.3.5 syllables theenglishword設(shè)備consistsofasing 2.3.5系統(tǒng)、examples : fl ounce : onset=/fl/rhyme=/ans/nucleus=/a /代碼=/ns /， 2.3.5 syl

9、 lls examples :自由： onset/fr/rhyme=/I /編碼器=/I /編碼器zero、2.3.5可插拔、快捷3360 each 3360安裝2.3.5 Syllables、thesyllles the PEAK (Nucleus )、the CODA .2.3.5 Syllables、thepeakistheessentialpart.itisusuallyformedbyavowel nandmmightalsofunctionaspeaksasin應(yīng)用程式、隱藏、通訊、2.3.5 Syllables、讀取=onesyllableonset=rrhyme=id 2.3.

10、5 Syllables、flop=onesyllableonset=flrhyme=AP編碼=p、2.3.5 Syllables window=2syllablesfirstsyllable : win onset=wrhyme=in nucleus=ico da=n、2.3.5 Syllables 第二個可插拔3360 do onset=d rhyme=onucleus=o，2.3.5可插拔，s/or2.3. 5可插拔，2.3.5可插拔thebasicstructuresofsyllablesfoundinenglishwordsinclude，2.3.3 themostcommontype

11、ofsyllableinlanguagealsohasaconsonant (c ) beff 不受保護的as cv .2. tea，密鑰VC (am，eat，at，of )，2.3.5可用性，CVC (bet，cat，dog， cup ) ccvc cvcc (下一個) cv CCC (下一個)、2.3.5聲音群集、2.3.5聲音群集inenglishsomewordsmaycontainasequenceoftwoormoreconsonantsinonesyllable .2.3.5輔音叢。 sequencesofconsonantslikethisarecalledconsonantc

12、lusters .2.3.5 Consonant clusters (輔音叢)， consonantclustersmayoccuratthebeginningofaword (主動群集)、附屬群集(最終群集)、正向群集(amedialcluster ) .2.3. 5輔音叢、initialclusterclustersmedialclusterfinnitialcluster2.3. 5輔音叢、輔音叢子音叢語子音叢子音2.3.5輔音叢、初始叢： splinsplsplashmedialcluster 3360 strinpeistripastryfinalcluster 3360 stint測試、 2.3.5 consonant群集引擎，awordwhichbeginswiththre