八年級練習與提高要點%5c第一學期%5c英語現在完成時語法講解+上學期.ppt

1、現在完成時用法小結 我們知道現在完成時是由助動詞have（has）+過去分詞構成的，其規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞構成與過去式相同，不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞則需要加強記憶?，F將其主要用法小結如下： 1表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。例如： I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。 （“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現在造成的結果是“衣服干凈了”）,2表示過去已經開始，持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實質可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。這時往往與表示一段的時間狀語連用。例如： I have been here for just over two years. 我

2、到這里才兩年多。 He has worked here since 1989. 從1989年， 他就在這里工作。 3現在完成時屬于現在時態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用。 如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等， 但可以和never, ever, already, yet, just, for, since 等連用。 例如： Have you finished your work yet? 你已經完成你的工作了嗎？ I have never heard that before. 過去，我從未聽說過那件事。,4be的現在完成時態(tài)。 1）表示一種狀

3、態(tài)，表示從過去已經開始持續(xù)到現在，要與表示一段的時間狀語連用。 例如： There has been a factory near No. 14 Middle School for several years. 十四中學附近有家工廠，已經有幾年了。 2）表示某人剛從某地回來。例如： Where have you been? I have been to the library. 你到哪里去了？ 我到圖書館去了。 3）后加地點，表示某人曾經到過某地。 例如： Have you ever been to West Hill Farm? 你曾經到過西山農場嗎？,但是“have（has）gone （t

4、o）+地點”則表示已去了某地，不在說話者所在的地方。例如： Where is Kate? She has gone to Beijing with her father. 凱特在哪里？ 她和她父親一起去北京了。 5瞬間動詞的現在完成時。瞬間動詞也叫短暫性動詞或終止性動詞。這種動詞是指它們動作的開始也就意味著動作的結束，所以不能跟表示一段的時間狀語連用，但可以用其它方式來表示。象這樣的詞有：buy, sell, begin, start, leave, come, go, borrow, lend, return, die, join等。 例如：,火車離開半小時了。 誤：The train ha

5、s left for half an hour. 正：The train has been away for half an hour. 正：The train left half an hour ago. 正：It has been half an hour since the train left. 正：It is half an hour since the train left. 但是，其完成時的否定式可與表示一段的時間狀語連用，表示一種狀態(tài)。例如： I havent received a letter from my father for two months. 我已兩個月沒有收到我

6、爸爸的信了。 He hasnt come here for a week. 他一個星期沒有來這里了。,現在完成時要點剖析 一、現在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較 現在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現在甚至會繼續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去。試比較： The plane has arrived . 飛機已經來了。（說明現在的情況：飛機在這兒） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機是一刻鐘以前來的。（強調動作發(fā)生的時間在過去） I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經教了十五

7、年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）,二、短暫性動詞與時間段的關系 短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應的延續(xù)性動詞have，keep等或短語“be+名詞（形容詞、位置副詞、介詞短語）”來代替短暫性動詞， 如：become be, beginhave 或 be on, borrowkeep, buyhave, come(go, a

8、rrive, get) be here/there/in，diebe dead, fall asleep(ill) be asleep(ill), finishbe over, get to knowknow, joinbe in （be a member of ）,leave be away (from), marry be married等；也可以仍用原短暫性動詞，用句型“It is since從句（從句中用一般過去時）”或用“一般過去時+ ago”這一結構來表述延續(xù)性的動作或狀態(tài)。 如： 他入黨五年了。 He has been in the Party for five years. H

9、e has been a Party member for five years. It is five years since he joined the Party. He joined the Party five years ago .,電影開始五分鐘了。 The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film began The film began five minutes ago. 但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。如： I havent bought the bike for a

10、year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。,三、have been in 與have been to 的用法比較 1。“have been +in+地點名詞”或“have been + 位置副詞”的意思是“在某地呆過久”，如：Mr. Green has been in China for many years. 格林先生在中國呆過好多年。 I have been here since I began to work. 我工作以來一直呆在這兒。 2?！癶ave been + to +地點名詞”意思是“曾經到

11、過某地（多少次）”。 如： Miss Brown has been to Japan twice. 布朗小姐到日本去過兩次。 Have you ever been here before? 你以前到過這嗎？,三、just, lately, recently是完成時的時間狀語，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般過去時的時間狀語。如： The train has just arrived. 火車剛到。 Did you see Joan just now? 你剛才看到瓊了嗎？ Have you heard from your family lately/recently? 你

12、最近收到家人的來信了嗎？,四、in the past few years 意思是“過去幾年來”，可作現在完成時的時間狀語；in the past意思是“在過去”，常作一般過去時的時間狀語。 如： Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years. 過去幾年來，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。 Where did you work in the past? 你過去在哪里工作？,五、even since then與from then on (after that)都有“打那以后”之意，前者是完成時的時間狀語，后者常用作

13、一般過去時的時間狀語，如： Shes lived here ever since then. 打那以后，她一直住在這。 I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that. 打那以后，我就沒有吉姆的消息。 六、before泛指“以前”時，可用于現在完成時中；ago表示“現在的一段時間以前”，是一般過去時的時間狀語。如： Ive never been to Japan before. 我以前沒去過日本。 She went to Japan a year ago. 她一年前去了日本。,七、ever和never也是現在完成時常見的時間狀語。前者意思是“曾經”，多見

14、于疑問句或否定句中；后者意思是“從來沒有”，表示全部否定。如： “Have you ever seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.” “你曾經看過這部影片嗎？” “沒有， 從來沒看過。” Nobody in our class has ever been there. 我們班沒有人去過那。,八、so far(到目前為止)， these days(這些天) 也是現在完成時常見的時間狀語。如： So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. 到目前為止， 還沒有人到月球以外旅行。 What ha

15、ve you done these days? 這些天來，你做了什么事？,Exercises： 1So far，she _ her holiday very much Ahas not enjoyed Bdid not enjoy Cdoesnt enjoy Dwas not enjoying 2John caught a cold on Saturday and _ in bed ever since Awas Bhas been Cis Dhave been 3All of those houses _ in the past ten years Awere built Bhad been

16、 built Chave been built Dhave built,A,B,C,4I _ to speak to you for these days Awant Bwanted Chad wanted Dhave wanted 5This is the first time that I _ really relaxed for months Ahad felt Bfelt Chave felt Dam feeling 6There _ a lot of changes in our city recently Aare Bhave been Chas been Dwere,D,C,B,

17、7Its one of the most interesting books that _ AIve ever read BI read CI had ever read DI am reading 8Where is your uncles home？ _ in Boston for the past four years AHes lived BHes living CHe lived DHe lives,A,A,訓練 用括號中所給的動詞的適當形式完成下列句子。 1. Mary _(lose) her pen yesterday. _ you _ (see) it here and the

18、re? 2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet? 3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I _ just _ (have) some orange. 4. We _already _ (return) the book. 5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?,6. -Has Tom taught you English? -Yes, he _ (teach) us English for two years. 7. I _(not finish) my homework yet. Can you

19、 help me? 8. What _ they _ (do) with the newspaper? They have read them. 9. - The door is open. Who _ (open) it? Do you know? - Sorry, I dont know. 10. My father _ (read) the novel twice.,訓練： (A)用already，yet或still填空。 1. The old man is _ living. 2. He wears that old coat _. 3. I have not _ heard from

20、 him. 4. Have your parents come back _? 5. If he hasnt seen the film _ , I may give him a ticket. 6. I have not heard the story_. 7. He has _ turned on the light. 8. They are _ here.,still,still,yet,yet,yet,yet,already,still,B) 試做下列練習（用for或since填空） 1. He has lived in Nanjing _ two years ago. 2. Ive

21、known him _ we were children. 3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.,since,since,since,for,for, 1. Wu Dong _(be) a soldier for one year. 2. The students _(study) in the middle school since l

22、ast month. 3. How long _ you _(know) him? 4. Mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China. 5. I _(give) my friend a nice book recently. 6. Li Ping and Wu Dong _(see) the old man three times. 7. _ she ever _(teach) you English? 8. These children _ (stay) in the park for two hours.,現在完成時的典型錯誤分析你看過這部電影了嗎？ Did you see the film? Have you seen the film?