初中詳細(xì)英語語法介詞講解.ppt

1、介詞的種類,一.表示時(shí)間介詞,三.表示方位介詞,二.表示地點(diǎn)介詞,四.表示方法、手段,五.常見介詞的搭配,介詞 1.是一種用來表示:詞與詞, :詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。 2.在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分 介詞 后面一般有:名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。,介詞的含義,on,down,under,up,below,over,above,bewteen,什么是介詞？它的作用是什么？,1.Look at me.( ) 2.He goes to school by bike.( ) 3.He is interested in drawing.( ) 4.The book is on

2、the desk.( ),代詞,名詞,動(dòng)名詞,介詞:通常用在_、_、_ 之前，表示某個(gè)人、事物/東西、事件與 另一個(gè)之間的_。,名詞,代詞,名詞,動(dòng)名詞,關(guān)系,介詞的主要分類：,1. at the cinema, in the hospital _ 2. Write with a pen, go by bus _ 3. in summer, on Septemper 1st _ 4. by the way, at last, in the end _,地點(diǎn)介詞,方式介詞,時(shí)間介詞,固定搭配,一.時(shí)間介詞,1.,注意：at noon 在中午 at night 在夜間 in the morning

3、 在早上 on the morning of July 1st 在七月一日的早上 on a rainy day 在雨天,.地點(diǎn)介詞,At: 表示小地方用,In:表示大地方用,一.地點(diǎn)介詞,1.at the village , at home, at the corner of the street. _ 2.in Shanghai , in the country, in Asia, in the world, in space _ 3. in the box, on the chair, under the desk, next to Kate, on the right of Lucy,

4、in front of the house, behind the door _,表示小地方用at,表示大地方用in,表示不同地方用具體不同的介詞,填上正確的地點(diǎn)介詞：,1.在廣州 _ Guangzhou 2.在電影院 _ the cinema 3.在湖邊 _ the lake 4.在海里 _ the sea 5.樹上的蘋果 apples _ the tree 6.書上的小鳥 birds _ the tree 7.在天空上 _ the sky 8.在農(nóng)場上 _ the farm 19.在街道上 _ the street,in,at,at,in,on,in,in,on,in,表示大地方用in,方

5、式介詞,使用工具用介詞 with,使用器官用介詞 with,使用語言用介詞 in,使用聲音用介詞 in,使用方法用介詞 in 或 by,二.方式介詞,1.write with a pen, cut with a knife, lock with a lock _ 2. see with our eyes, do with our hands, smell with our noses, eat with our mouths _ 3. in English , in French , in your own words, in three language _ 4. in a loud voi

6、ce, in a low voice _ 5. in this way, by this means _,使用工具用介詞 with,使用器官用介詞 with,使用語言用介詞 in,使用聲音用介詞 in,使用方法用介詞 in 或 by,6.by bike, by bus, by train, by plane, by ship, by car (on foot) by land 陸路， by sea 水路，by air 空運(yùn) _ 但：on the bike, on the bus, on the train, on the plane, on the ship, in the car 7. Sh

7、anghai lies _the east of China.( ) Japan lies _the east of China.( ) Hubei lies _the north of Hunan.( ) 8.in a read coat, the girl in yellow, the boy in white _ 9.lie in bed, after a while, in the sun（在陽光下） under the sun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）,使用交通工具用 by,in,to,on,在中國內(nèi)部,在中國外部,兩地接壤,表示穿衣服用 in,固定搭配,( ),三.時(shí)間介詞,1.

8、at six oclock, at noon, at that time, at half past three, at mid-night _ 2.on Sunday, on New Years Day, on March 21st, on my birthday _ 3. in three days, in a week, in a month, in May, in 1998 _ 4. in the morning, in the afternoon , in the evening _ 但： on the morning of May 1st 5. at night = _ _ nig

9、ht 6. in the day = in the _,表示點(diǎn)鐘或具體一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用 at,表示在某一天用 on,表示大于一天的時(shí)間用 in,在早上/下午/傍晚 用 in,in,the,day-time,1. Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive in Paris _ the morning of July 9. A. on B. in C. at 2. The twins were born _ a Friday evening. A. in B. on C. at 3. We travelled overnight to Paris an

10、d arrived _5 oclock _ the morning. A. on, in B. at, in C. at, in 4. We finish our lessons _ 11:30 and then have a rest _ noon. A. in , in B. at ,at C. in, at,2. in + 時(shí)間段 在之后（內(nèi)），多用于將來時(shí) after +時(shí)間段 在之后， 多用于過去時(shí) 1. Mr Brown has gone to Canada.He will be back _ two weeks. A. for B. after C. in 2. Our mana

11、ger came back _ an hour. A. in B. after C. at,3. for + 時(shí)段 since + 時(shí)段 + ago since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) since + 一般過去時(shí)句子,常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),1.He came here _ 1992, and he has lived here _ 1992. A. in, for B. in , since C. since, since 2.I have known Li Lei _ over five years. A. in B. since C. for,3. It has been three years sinc

12、e he _ here. A. come B. came C. comes 4. The old man has been away _ two years ago. A. in B. since C. for,4. before 在之前 by 到時(shí)為止,不遲于 1.He wont come back _ five . A.before B. after C.by 2.The work must be finished _ Friday. A.at B.by C.after 3.We had three meetings _ last Friday. A.in B.before C. by,2

13、. above 在上方 below 在下方,是above的反義詞 1. The temperature will fall_zero at night. A.below B.above C.over 2.Suddenly there is a loud voice _ the tree. A.below B.above C.on 3.There is a clock on the wall. Its _ the blackboard. A.on B.in C.above,二.地點(diǎn)介詞,1.on 在的上面,與表面接觸 over 在的正上方,不接觸表面 under 在下面(是on,over的反義詞

14、) 1.Look!There is a bridge_the river. A.on B. over C.above 2.Can you see the egg _ the plate? A.on B.in C.over 3.The light_us is very bright. A.over B.under C.on,4.A road is _our city and there is much traffic _it. A. on, over B.above, on C.over, on 5.The sun rose _the horizon(地平線). A. on B. above C

15、.over 注意: on 接觸平面 over 在平面的正上方 above 在上方,3. in + 大地方 at + 小地 方 on +門牌，某層樓 1.My uncle live _ F12 _the fifth floor. A.at, on B. in,on C.on, at 2.They arrived _Beijing at 12:00 and waited for a bus _ the station to the hotel. A.at, in B. in, on C. in, at,表示在上時(shí)，不是都用on，有時(shí)須用in。 在樹上 in the tree 用于指樹上的鳥、人等。

16、 on the tree用于指生長在樹上的葉子、果實(shí)。 在墻上 in the wall鑲嵌在墻內(nèi)，指窗戶、門、釘子等。 on the wall在墻的表面之上，指地圖、畫像等。 在報(bào)紙上 in the newspaper用于指報(bào)上的內(nèi)容。 on the newspaper用于指放在報(bào)紙上的東西，如眼鏡等。,in, on,2.,1.We are _Team One.I sit _the front of the classroom.Li Ping is _my left. A.on, in , at B.in ,in ,at C.in, at, on 2.I have a good seat. I

17、 sit _the bus. A.in the front of B.in front of 3.The teacher is standing _ our class and give a talk. A.in the front of B.in front of,3. to 表目的地或去的目的 for 動(dòng)身去某地 1.He got on a train _ Shanghai . A.to B. for C. towards 2.Wil you take a train_ Tianjian. A. to B. for C.at 3. Im leaving _ Beijing next wee

18、k. A. to B. for C. towards,1.in 在某范圍之內(nèi) to 在某范圍之內(nèi) on 與某地相鄰、接壤 1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia. A. in, on B. in ,to C. to, in 2.Mongolia is _the north of China. A. in B. on C. to,三.方位介詞,4.cross 表面穿過 through 中間穿過 1.The sunshine come into the room _ the window. A. across B. th

19、rough C. past 2.You can go _ the road here. A. across B. through C. past 3.Can you swim _ the river. A. across B. through C. past,常用易混淆介詞辨析,after/ in 皆可表示時(shí)間在之后，其區(qū)別為：after .表示“在某點(diǎn)時(shí)間之后”，用于將來時(shí)。如： Well go out for a walk after supper.表示“一段時(shí)間之后”，用于過去時(shí)。如： My mother came home after half an hour.in 表示“一段時(shí)間之后

20、”，用于將來時(shí)。如： Well go to school in two weeks.,between /among 1) between 多指兩者之間。如：Whats the difference between the two words? 2) among 指三者或三者以上的同類事物之間，在或籠統(tǒng)的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在中間，在之中”。如：The young people lived and worked among the workers. 注意：我們可以說between you and me，但不能說 between you and I，因?yàn)閎etween是介詞。 3) betw

21、een還可以用來指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物的每兩個(gè)之間。三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的名詞用and連接，前面用between，而不用among。如：There is not much difference between the three of them. Switzerland lies _ France, Ger-many, Austria and Italy.,between,besides /except We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang （除之外，還有）全部計(jì)算在內(nèi) We are all Chinese except Tom in our cla

22、ss. （除之外，不計(jì)算在內(nèi)） All the students in our class went to the cinema _ Kangkang, why? Because he had a bad cold. AExcept Bbesides CBeside Dwithout,【解析】except“除之外”，排除在外的意思；besides“除之外”，包含在內(nèi)；beside“在旁邊”；without“沒有”。根據(jù)題意可知用except，故選A。,over表示與某物不接觸的“正上方”，under與其相對，表 示“正下方”。 The sky is over our heads. 天空在我們頭

23、頂上。 The cat is under the table. 那只貓?jiān)谧雷拥紫隆?above表示“在的上方”，“高于”；below與其相對， 表示“在的下面”，“低于”。 The temperature will stay above zero in the day time ，but at night it will fall below zero again.白天氣溫將保 持在零度以上，但在晚上又將降到零度以下。 on指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸，一個(gè)在另一的上面。 They put some flowers on the teachers desk.他們把一 些花放在講桌上。,over, abo

24、ve, on,1. cross 作動(dòng)詞用，“穿過，越過”的意思。主要表示在物體表面上橫 穿。如橫過馬路、過橋、過河等，與go across同義。 cross作名詞用是“十字架，十字形飾物”的意思。 2. across是介詞，有“橫跨，橫穿，穿越”之意。 across與go/walk等動(dòng)詞連用表示“穿過，越過，橫穿”的意思。與 cross基本同義，也是表示從物體表面經(jīng)過。,cross，across, through,3.through是介詞，“在.之中，透過”的意思，常與go,walk等動(dòng)詞連用，主要表示從物體內(nèi)部穿過。如穿過森林、隧洞等,1. We must _ the road very c

25、arefully. 2. Before going _ the road, you should look left first and then right. 3. I try to get into the room _ the window because I cant open the door. 4. They drove _ the street quickly, but the police caught them at last. 5. Its dangerous to swim _ the river. 6. Go _ the bridge and you will see

26、the station.,cross,across,across,across,across,through,in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍 以外； in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi) 例如： There are some tall trees in front of the building. 在樓前有一些高樹。 The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 老師坐在教室前面,in front of, in the front of,aboveoveronbelowun

27、der,above,over,below,under,on,Be careful, there is a heavy box_ your head. The sun is _ the mountain in the east. There are some stamps _ the desk. The position he pointed to was _ the sea level. The little mouse is _ the table, so it is not easy to find it.,over,above,on,abovebelow,under,表示“延續(xù)的一段時(shí)間

28、”時(shí)，可用“for時(shí)間段”或“since過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，常與含延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)連用。How long have you been in this city?你在這座城市待了多久了？For ten years. 十年。Mr Smith has lived here since 1998.史密斯先生自從1998年就住在這。,since, for,單詞拼寫:,1.There are _( 超過 )sixty students in our class. 2. Fish cant live_( 沒有 ) water. 3. We havent seen each other for a long ti

29、me _(自從 ) we met last time. 4. Do you worry about _( 他們 ) ? 5. Whos _( 值日 ) duty today? 6. Have you paid _( 付款 ) the book? 7. Please turn_( 關(guān)掉 ) the lights. 8. Its bad for your health to go to school_( 不吃) breakfast.,over,without,since,them,on,for,off,without,1.We usually have lunch_ noon. 2.Lin Tao

30、 was born_ February 18th. 3.Ann sits_ my right,_ Kates left. She sits_us. 4.My father is leaving_ Suzhou tomorrow. 5.We must learn_ each other.,at,on,on,on,between,for,from,用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空,6.They went_ the gate and entered the garden. 7.We can do all things _our hands. _the end of the last cap，he caught up

31、 _the others. 9.Be kind_people.Dont shout _people. 10.Last month he worked_ a teacher _ three weeks.,through,with,At,with,to,at,as,for,1.His father is very angry_him his study. A. at，with B.with，at C.to，about D.about，to 2.Paper is made_wood. A.from B.of C.by D.in 3.The basket is full_apples. A.with

32、B.of C.in D.by 4.Kate cant come. Lets ask wei Hua instead_her. A.of B.for C.to D.with 5.The heavy rain stopped me_getting to school on time. A. to B.from C.on D.for,B,A,B,A,B,6.Li Lidas parents are very proud _ their son. A.to B.in C.for D.of 7.The fox looked up_ a cock sitting the tree. A. to，in B.

33、at,in C. for，on D.at，on 8.Please wait _ the bus stop near my home. A.for B.at C.next D. in front 9.Where is your bike made_? A.in B.from C. of D./ 10.When the red light is on，its dangerous to go_the street. A.across B.through C. cross D. to,D,B,B,D,A,11.He is rich _ unhappy. A.or B.and C.so D.but 12

34、.Take a rest _ you finish the work. A.before B.after C.until D.while 13.You cant pass the exam, _ you study hard. A.if B.of C.unless D.and 14._our team tried best, _ we failed. A.Though,but B.Because,so C.If,and D. Though,/ 15.Dont get off _the bus stops. A.when B.after C.until D.so,D,B,D,C,C,16.The

35、re is a good play_TV this evening. A. on B. by C. in 17. How far is it _ Guangzhou_Beijing? A. fromto B. fromfor C. awayto 18. Japan lies _the east of China. A. to B. in C. on 19. Mr. Brown has gone to Canada. He will be back _ tow weeks. A. for B. after C. in 20. A: What time did you get there this

36、 morning? B: _ eight. A. In B. At C. On 21. We all agree _you. Lets start at once. A. to B. for C. with,A,A,A,C,B,C,22. My aunt arrived here _a warm spring morning. A. in B. at C. on,23. A:When did your uncle arrive _ China? B: He got to Guangzhou_the morning of the 16th of April. A. in, on B. in, i

37、n C. at, on 24. Hawaii is famous _its beautiful beaches. A. in B. for C. with 25. We must stop children from_with fire. A. play B. played C. playing,C,A,B,C,26. Look, Tina is waiting _ the bus stop. Afor Bat Cin DTo27. What would you like to do _ such a bad boy? Awith Bon Cat Din28.The young man wal

38、ked _ the forest and came to a big river at last. Aon Bover Cthrough Dacross29.The food _ my country is quite different _ that here. Ain; like Bto; from Cfrom; to Din; from30. Taiwan is a beautiful island and its _ the east of Fujian. Ain Bon Cto,B,A,C,D,C,31.It is said that a new zoo will be built

39、in our town. Im _ it. Zoos are terrible for animals. Athrough Bbesides Cagainst Dexcept32.When will the party be held? _ two weeks time, _ 15th July. A.In; on B.In; in C.On; on D.At; on33.Lin Lin often practices English _ chatting with her American friend. A.in B.by C.for D.with34. You look tired. _

40、 working indoors you should be out for a walk.A.Ahead of B.Instead of C.In front of D.In spite of35. Last night he had a bed to sleep _， but I had only a chair to sit _. A.in; on B./; / C.on; in D.in; to,A,C,B,A,B,36.When I got in to the room，Sue was busy talking _ the phone. A.with B.on C.to D.in 37.Would you like some coffee?Yes, and please get me some milk. I prefer coffe