最新高考英語專題解析課件-基礎(chǔ)寫作[正反論證].ppt

1、相關(guān)短語,1. the minority/majority of. 少數(shù)/大多數(shù) 2. traffic safety 交通安全 3. disapprove of 不同意；不贊成 4. persuade sb. not to do. 說服某人不做 5. follow the advice 聽從勸告 6. as far as I am concerned 就我所知,7. carry out 實(shí)施 8. think highly of 高度評價(jià) 9. a good solution to. 一個做的解決好辦法 10. in addition 此外 11. become more rebellious

2、 變得更加叛逆 12. from my perspective 在我看來,13. be suitable for 適合 14. have a heated discussion 進(jìn)行一次熱烈的討論 15. provide a stage for sb. 給某人提供一個舞臺 16. draw the conclusion that. 得出結(jié)論 17. key to success 成功的秘訣 18. focus more on. 更加關(guān)注,相關(guān)句式,1. Recently we have had a discussion about whether parents should accompan

3、y their children at school. 最 近我們討論了父母是否該在學(xué)校陪讀。 2. Nearly 70% of us disagree because they think it makes them fall into the habit of dependence.我們中有將近70%的人不贊同,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這會使他們養(yǎng)成依賴性。,3. While about 30% of my classmates think it necessary for our parents to accompany us.而我的同學(xué)中大約30%的人認(rèn)為父母有必要陪讀。 4. Some peop

4、le say yes, who think that the Internet helps make friends on line. 有些人同意, 他們認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有助于網(wǎng)上交友。,5. My opinion is that students should place their study, health and safety before other things.我的意見是學(xué)生應(yīng)該把學(xué)習(xí)、健康、和安全放在其他事情之前。,1. 基礎(chǔ)寫作是根據(jù)所給的內(nèi)容組織成文, 不是自由發(fā)揮。部分考生喜歡在文章中使用 “Every coin has two sides”過渡, 但是這個句子并不包含任何信息

5、點(diǎn), 不適合在基礎(chǔ)寫作中使用。,2. 正反論證的議論文要注意使用轉(zhuǎn)折和對比的詞, 如however, in contrast, compared with等。 3. 如果文章最后要求考生發(fā)表自己觀點(diǎn), 考生不能簡單地說I agree with.或者I disagree with., 而是要言之有物, 有理有據(jù)。,你班同學(xué)開展了一場“司機(jī)醉駕是否應(yīng)該處罰乘客”的討論。請你根據(jù)下表提供的信息, 給報(bào)社寫一封信, 介紹討論的情況, 并發(fā)表你的看法。 寫作內(nèi)容,例題導(dǎo)寫 1. 確定文體結(jié)構(gòu)。本文是正反論證, 因此正反觀點(diǎn)之間的論證應(yīng)該是屬于并列關(guān)系, 而雙方觀點(diǎn)的論點(diǎn)和分論點(diǎn)則為總分關(guān)系。而最后，考題

6、要求考生寫出自己的觀點(diǎn), 這個屬于對全文的總結(jié)。因此, 文章的信息點(diǎn)劃分非常明確, 正反觀點(diǎn)各占兩個句子, 考生的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該為最后一個句子?？忌梢圆捎脙煞N方法使自己的觀點(diǎn)明確。第一種：第一句的信息點(diǎn)可以包含“少數(shù)同學(xué)贊成處罰乘客”(總起)和第一個原因, 而第二句則講述第二個原因(遞進(jìn)); 第二種：第一句為總起，第二句則包含了兩個贊成的理由。陳述“大多數(shù)同學(xué)反對處罰乘客”這方面也是同理。,2. 詞匯整理 句1： (1) 少數(shù)同學(xué): the minority of students 句2： (2) 交通事故 : traffic accidents (3) 交通安全 : traffic safety

7、,(4) 對負(fù)責(zé)任 : be responsible for 句3： (4) 大部分學(xué)生 :the majority of students 句4： (5) 勸說某人做某事 : persuade sb. to do sth. (6) 聽從某人的勸說 : follow ones advice,3. 難句翻譯,句2：不乘坐醉酒司機(jī)的車, 不僅是對自己負(fù)責(zé),也是對司機(jī)和路人負(fù)責(zé)。 分析：本句的主語是 “不乘坐醉酒司機(jī)的車”, 因此考生可以考慮使用動詞不定式not to do sth.作主語。不僅也可以使用not only.but also.或者as well as這些短語。,翻譯 : Not to

8、ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road. / Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is responsible for passengers themselves as well as the drivers and other people on the road.

9、,句4：即使乘客知道司機(jī)飲酒, 如果司機(jī)不聽 從乘客的勸誡, 處罰乘客是不公平的。 分析：本句的主句是“處罰乘客是不公平的”, 考生可以考慮用it作形式主語的句型it is unfair to.，而“即使”可以使用even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。 翻譯: Even if the passenger knows the driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does n

10、ot follow the advice.,4. 連句成文,(1)不同意某個觀點(diǎn): disagree with sb. /be against the opinion that /disapprove of the idea (2)表述“轉(zhuǎn)折”的連接詞: although /instead /rather than/ nevertheless/otherwise / on the one hand.on the other hand.,(3) 表示“對照”的連接詞 (3)whereas /in contrast /unlike /on the contrary /while / by cont

11、rast /compared with (4) 表示“讓步”的連接詞 (4)after all /in spite of /still /provided / while it is true.,參考范文 Dear Editor， Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether passengers who ride in a car driven by a drunken driver should be punished. The minority of the students hold the opi

12、nion that punishing the passengers helps to reduce traffic accidents and increase traffic safety.,Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road. The majority of the students, however,

13、 disapprove of the idea, stating that it is difficult for common passengers to know whether the driver has been drinking or not.,Whats more, even if the passenger knows the driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the d

14、river does not follow the advice. As far as I am concerned, punishing passengers as well as the drivers is not only unfair but is also hard to carry out. Yours sincerely， Li Hua,能力提高 1. 短語翻譯 (1)盡管: despite / in spite of / although / though (2)由于: due to / because of / owing to / on account of (3)然而:

15、 however / yet,(4) 因?yàn)?:because / since / as (5) 此外 : Besides / Whats more / In addition / Furthermore / Moreover (6) 即使 :even if / even though (7) 總之 : In general /In short /All in all / To draw a conclusion / On the whole,(8) 但是 :but (9) 導(dǎo)致 :bring about/give rise to / lead to /result in (10) 與無法相比:

16、 cant be compared with,2. 作文填空 We have had a class meeting today on whether we should give money to beggars and we have different opinions. Some believe that we should give money to those who are in bad need of our help. Among these beggars are the elderly， drop-outs and the disabled, who can hardly

17、 make a living 1 _ old age, poverty or physical inability.,due to/because of /owing to,Many more students, 2 _, think we shouldnt give them money 3 _ most of the beggars are begging in the hope of earning some easy money. 4 _ _, to give money would encourage them to be lazy 5 _ _ they have the abili

18、ty to work. 6 _, _we should help the people of the inferior group, 7 _ we should remain sensible when giving them money.,but,however,because/since/as,Besides/Whats more/In addition/Furthermore,In general/In short/All in all/To draw a,conclusion,3. 翻譯句子 (8) 盡管自行車有很多明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn), 但是它也存在它的問題, 因?yàn)樵谒俣群褪孢m度等方面, 自行

19、車是無法和汽車、火車這樣的交通工具相比的。,Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problems because bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.,(9)很多人存在這樣的誤解, 認(rèn)為離開學(xué)校就意味著結(jié)束了他們的教育。顯然, 他們忽視了教育是人生重要部分這一基本事實(shí)。,A large number of people tend to

20、live under the illusion that /wrongly believe that they have completed their education when they finish their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.,(10)越來越多的專家相信移民對城市的建設(shè)起到積極作用。然而, 越來越多的城市居民卻懷疑這種說法,

21、他們抱怨民工給城市帶來了很多嚴(yán)重的問題, 如：犯罪等。,An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will have positive effects on the construction of cities. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought about /given rise to /led to / result

22、ed in many serious problems like crime.,最近一則關(guān)于“狼爸”通過嚴(yán)厲的家教, 甚至鞭打子女促使他們考上北大的報(bào)道掀起了討論的熱潮。你們學(xué)校上周末也因此開展了一場“Is Wolf Dad approach wrong?”的討論, 你對辯論賽作了一份總結(jié)。,寫作內(nèi)容 1. 以上表格的內(nèi)容； 2. 你的看法。,參考詞匯：rebellious adj. 叛逆的,參考范文 Last weekend, a debate was held in my school about whether Wolf Dad approach is wrong and student

23、s hold different opinions. 20% of the students think highly of Wolf Dad approach because they firmly believe that it can teach a child self-discipline, which is very important for their growth. What is more, too many Chinese children are ruined with excessive love and care so Wolf Dad approach is a

24、good solution to this big problem.,However, the majority of the students disapprove of this approach, believing that it is rude and even illegal. In addition, children may become more rebellious and it is more important for them to have a happy childhood. From my perspective, Wolf Dad approach is to

25、o extreme and is not suitable for every family.,精華點(diǎn)評,在正反論證的議論文中, 在表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的時候, 很多考生只是會用they think, agree, disagree等簡單低級的詞匯?？忌⒁庹Z言的豐富性。在而本范文則使用了多個不同的詞組：think highly of, firmly believe that, disapprove of和believing that。,另外考生不要把基礎(chǔ)寫作看成簡單的翻譯, 如“解決中國父母過分溺愛孩子的問題”倘若簡單翻譯為solve the problem of Chinese parents sp

26、oiling their children, 語法上雖然沒有錯, 但是并不地道,因此可以根據(jù)信息點(diǎn)的語意和內(nèi)在邏輯對句子改造為“孩子受到過分的寵愛, 而狼爸方法可以解決這個問題：Too many Chinese children are ruined with excessive love and care so Wolf Dad approach is a good solution to this big problem.,如今, 選美比賽在青少年中越來越普及, 因此你們班就此開展了一場“Should beauty contests be held among teenagers?”的討論

27、, 請你根據(jù)下面表格內(nèi)容寫一份總結(jié)。,參考范文 Recently our class has had a heated discussion about whether beauty contests should be held among teenagers. Some students hold the opinion that love of beauty is part of human nature, so beauty contests not only provide a stage for people to show off their beauty but also a good chance to appreciate beauty.,Beauty contests, in their opinion, can help i