延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞筆記

1、持續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞 英語的行為動詞有持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。持續(xù)性動詞表示一個動作可持續(xù)一段時間，此類動詞有 do, live, have, keep, wear, sleep, wait, work, play, stay, know, sing, dance, write, study, rest, talk, walk等.瞬時性動詞表示不能持續(xù)的動作，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束，此類動詞有 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, leave, move, borrow, buy, die, lend

2、, join, catch, get, win, fail等 一、持續(xù)性動詞表示一個動作可以持續(xù)一段時間或更長時間。常見的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。二、瞬間性動詞表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動詞。常見的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to,

3、enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持續(xù)性動詞及瞬間性動詞。三、用法1、持續(xù)性動詞在完成時中能與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，而瞬間性動詞則不能。例如：His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.（他的父母跟老師談了半個小時。）My mother has lain in

4、 bed for 3 days.（我母親生病臥床已經(jīng)三天了。）My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.（我父母親從1950年起就住在上海了。）2、瞬間性動詞在完成時中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，通常的方法： （1）用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動詞來替換，例如：He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.（他參軍已有3年了。）不能用has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用has got up Has your bro

5、ther been away from home for a long time?（你哥哥離家已有好久了嗎？）不能用has left初中課本中的常用瞬間動詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動詞關(guān)系如下：1、gobe away 2、comebe here3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here）5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on9、finishbe over 10、openbe open11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost13、get to knowknow 14、turn onb

6、e on15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/be seated17、joinbe in（）或be amember a)用延續(xù)性動詞代替終止性動詞 1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher

7、? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be形容詞”代終止性動詞 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill 3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(g

8、one,lost)代lose 延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。終止性動詞也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。Come-be hereGo be there

9、leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open,feel illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep,

10、get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear； 例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It is 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago.

11、-He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days.補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been

12、 in3. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A.

13、has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. d

14、ied B. has, died C. has, been dead11. - How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been17.A