延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和短暫性動(dòng)詞筆記

1、持續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞 英語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞有持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可持續(xù)一段時(shí)間，此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有 do, live, have, keep, wear, sleep, wait, work, play, stay, know, sing, dance, write, study, rest, talk, walk等.瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞表示不能持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束，此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, leave, move, borrow, buy, die, lend

2、, join, catch, get, win, fail等 一、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。常見(jiàn)的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。二、瞬間性動(dòng)詞表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱(chēng)終止性動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to,

3、enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及瞬間性動(dòng)詞。三、用法1、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中能與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，而瞬間性動(dòng)詞則不能。例如：His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.（他的父母跟老師談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。）My mother has lain in

4、 bed for 3 days.（我母親生病臥床已經(jīng)三天了。）My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.（我父母親從1950年起就住在上海了。）2、瞬間性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，通常的方法： （1）用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)替換，例如：He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.（他參軍已有3年了。）不能用has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用has got up Has your bro

5、ther been away from home for a long time?（你哥哥離家已有好久了嗎？）不能用has left初中課本中的常用瞬間動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞關(guān)系如下：1、gobe away 2、comebe here3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here）5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on9、finishbe over 10、openbe open11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost13、get to knowknow 14、turn onb

6、e on15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/be seated17、joinbe in（）或be amember a)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞代替終止性動(dòng)詞 1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher

7、? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be形容詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill 3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(g

8、one,lost)代lose 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。終止性動(dòng)詞也稱(chēng)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。Come-be hereGo be there

9、leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open,feel illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep,

10、get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear； 例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It is 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago.

11、-He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days.補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been

12、 in3. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A.

13、has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. d

14、ied B. has, died C. has, been dead11. - How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been17.A