大學英語六級翻譯技巧及專項練習講解

1、翻譯題應試技巧 漢語主動句譯成英語被動句我們在漢譯英時，往往也需要把漢語主動句譯成被動句。這是因為：為了保證上下文連貫，使銜接更緊密，句子更自然；或強調動作承受者；或使語氣婉轉、措辭恰當。具體轉換方法有如下兩種。1）把漢語主動句的賓語譯成英語被動句的主語。例1 _（將領你們去參觀我們的新車間）by the secretary.譯文：You will be shown our new workshop.簡評：如果這句話不是劃線填內容，你完全可以將它翻譯成The secretary will show you our new workshop。正是因為題型是補全句子，這就給翻譯帶來了一定的難度，你

2、必須去適應題型要求而不是讓題型來適應你。讓我們看看譯文已給出部分：by the secretary顯然是一個被動語態(tài)特征，秘書在譯文里已經由原來的主語變成了譯文句子的補足成分。所以，題目是暗示我們要把原句中你們轉換成譯句里的主語，這樣才符合出題要求。例2 You _（我們期待你能組織貿易推廣活動）this time.譯文：are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns.簡評：根據題目可推知全句意思是：我們期望你能組織這次的貿易推廣活動。中文句子主語、謂語、賓語分別是：我們、期望、你。但是在英文譯文的給出部分中我們看到句子以you開頭

3、，也就是說你被期望能組織這次貿易推廣活動。中文的賓語變成了英文的主語，這就要求我們在翻譯時要使用被動語態(tài)。全句完整答案是：You are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time.2）當漢語句以我們、人們、大家等泛指性代詞作主語時，在翻譯成英文的時候常?？梢院雎灾髡Z不譯，并把英文譯句處理成被動語態(tài)。處理后的英文譯句往往帶有 know，see，find，say，suppose，estimate，report，suggest，stress，consider，expect，admit，point，understand 等

4、動詞。例3 如果原子失去一個或多個電子，我們就說這個原子帶正電荷。譯文：If one or more electrons are removed，the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged.簡評：這句話是一個條件從句。即：在原子失去一個或多個電子的情況下，這個電子帶正電荷。我們就說這個原子帶正電荷可理解為這個原子被認為/ 被確信/ 被說成是帶正電荷。那么根據前面所說的原則，我們在翻譯時可以將泛指性主語我們省略不譯，并使用被動語態(tài)。從這個例子里我們還可以看出，在科技文章中，根據英語表達習慣我們應當多采用被動語態(tài)，以強調事物

5、的客觀性。例4 人們采用各種措施來防止腐蝕。譯文：All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion.簡評：這句話可以按原文譯成主動態(tài)，即：People have taken all kinds of measures to prevent corrosion。也可以用被動語態(tài)來翻譯-All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion。兩者比較而言，被動態(tài)譯文更突出表明所有、種種措施已經付諸實施，all kinds of measures得到強調，而主動態(tài)譯法只是平鋪直敘，重點不突出。此

6、外，漢語句子中有據說、據了解、據報道、據估計、據傳言等詞語時，可以酌情譯成相應的英語被動句，如：It is supposed that（據推測.），It is said that（據說.），It is estimated that（據估計.），It is calculated that（預計.），It is reported that（據報道.），It is suggested that（有人建議），It is stressed that（有人強調.），It is thought that（有人認為.），It is considered that（有人認為.），It is expected t

7、hat（據期望.），It is well known that（眾所周知.），It must be admitted that（必須承認.），It must be pointed out that（必須指出.），It is understood that（誰都知道.），It may be safety said that（可以有把握地說.）等。例5 據了解，這個地區(qū)有豐富的自然資源。譯文：The area is known to be rich in natural resources.例6 眾所周知，自然光其實是由許多種顏色構成。譯文：It is well known that natura

8、l light is actually made up of many colors.Exercise Ten1. A dog has won a German government award _ （因協(xié)助警方勸阻一名婦女自殺）.2. The manager points out _ （我們的工作進展令人滿意）.3. _ （這棟房子需要現代化）：it has no bathroom or electricity.4. _（飛機什么時候起飛）has not been announced.5. His idea is _（應該立即執(zhí)行計劃）. 答案解析：1. for helping police

9、 persuade a woman not to commit suicide解析：本句考查的是句子邏輯關系。根據意思可知，句子前半句是果，后半句是因。一只狗因為協(xié)助警方阻止了一名婦女的自殺而獲德國政府獎項。英語通常把表示目的、假設、原因、讓步等內容放在句子的后部，因此這句話可以由because，for來引導。自殺有一個固定短語commit suicide，勸阻要用強調結果成功的persuade。2. that our work is progressing satisfactorily解析：本題考查詞性的轉譯，即：將原漢語句子中的動詞令人滿意轉移成英語的副詞satisfactorily。這種

10、詞性轉換是翻譯常用技巧，適當的轉換可使譯文通順，符合英文表達習慣。另外，句子需填入部分在全句中充當賓語從句，因而不能漏譯that。3. This house needs modernizing解析：本題同樣考查漢英詞性轉換技巧。全句意為：這棟房子既沒有浴室也沒有電，（因而）需要現代化?，F代化在漢語里是一個名詞，在這個句子中實際上指的是房子需要配置現代化設備，它的含義不等同于modernization，配備現代化設施可以用modernizing來表示。英語里很多以 -ing結尾的動詞表示該動作的過程，通常與need連用，如：These clothes need washing. 本題是從名詞到動

11、詞的轉換。4. When the plane is to take off解析：本題考查的是以連接副詞when引導的主語從句的翻譯。中文意思是：飛機什么時候起飛還沒有公布。這樣的主語從句一般可以采用順序法翻譯。順序法同樣也適用于以that，what，whatever，who，whoever，where，how，why等引導的主語從句。如：認識他的人都信任他。（Who knows him will believe him.）本題的另一個考點是：什么時候起飛是一個將來時態(tài)，可以用be to來表達。5. that the plan should be carried out immediately解

12、析：本題綜合考查了表語從句、無主語翻譯以及慣用搭配。首先，His idea is前半部分是一個完整的主謂結構，句子需填入部分在全句中充當表語；其次，應該立即執(zhí)行計劃中計劃是被用來執(zhí)行的，但是題干中并沒有提到誰會來執(zhí)行這個計劃。因此，在主語沒有出現的情況下，可以采用被動譯法。執(zhí)行計劃在英語里可以用carry out the plan，perform the plan，implement the plan來表示。二、漢譯英專項練習答案及解析一、倍數增減的表示法1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2(考點：倍數 + 形容詞/副詞比較級 + than)2) reac

13、ts three times as fast as the other one(考點：倍數 + as + 形容詞/副詞 + as)3) is 49 times the size of the moon(考點：倍數 + 名詞)4) wants to raise the rent by a third(考點：動詞 + by + 數詞/百分比/倍數)5) plan to double their investment(考點：double + 名詞)二、時態(tài)1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church(考點：

14、將來完成時)來源：2) the children had fallen asleep(考點：過去完成時)3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside(考點：將來進行時)4) have been revising my resume all the morning(考點：現在完成進行時)5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday(考點：It has been since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多長時間沒有做某事了)6) He

15、has been in the army for 5 years(考點：1. 現在完成時;2.要用持續(xù)性動詞才能接一段時間)三、被動語態(tài)1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector(考點：被動語態(tài)的現在進行時)2) will have been published by the end of this year(考點：被動語態(tài)的將來完成時)3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work(考點：1. 被動語態(tài)與情態(tài)動詞聯用; 2. 漢語有些沒有“被”字等標志詞的句子也表示被

16、動, 要譯成英語的被動語態(tài))4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated(考點：同“3”的考點2)5) Effective measures must be taken immediately(考點：漢語的無主句通常翻譯成英語的被動語態(tài))四、情態(tài)動詞1) but there is no answer. She cant be at home(考點：情態(tài)動詞可以表示可能性，cant 表示“一定不”)考試大全國最大教育類網站(wwwE)2) I may have

17、left them in the coffee shop yesterday(考點：“情態(tài)動詞can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示對過去發(fā)生的動作的主觀判斷)3) You must have dreamed of something terrible(考點：同上)www.xamda.CoM考試就到考試大4) You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony(考點：“情態(tài)動詞should/ought to + have done” 用于評論過去應該做而實際并未做的動作，含有批評的意思)5) I n

18、eednt have put on my best suit to go to the party(考點：“情態(tài)動詞neednt + have + done”表示對過去發(fā)生的動作進行評論，認為“無須發(fā)生”，“不必做”)五、虛擬語氣1) I had had your opportunities when I was young(考點：I wish后的that從句中用過去完成式表示過去沒有實現或不可能實現的愿望)2) he had known this disease is curable(考點：If only 引導的感嘆句表示“但愿”或“要是就好了”，用法與 I wish基本相同)3) pain

19、ted it blue, and without any decorations(考點：would rather 后的that從句中用過去式表示不是事實)4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams(考點：Its (about/high) time 后的that從句中用過去式，表示“該是的時候了”)5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly(考點：as if / as though引導的從句中用過去式表示和現在事實相反或對現在情況有所懷疑)6) Jack

20、 (should) be sent to hospital right now(考點：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動詞所接的賓語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)7) more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area(考點：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動詞所接的主語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)8) they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem(

21、考點：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的表語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)9) the mid-term exams (should) be canceled(考點：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的同位語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動詞及其名詞常見的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, in

22、dicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常見的這類動詞還有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等10) we

23、 (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining(考點：在It is/was +形容詞后的that從句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建議驚奇等。這類形容詞常見的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory

24、, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等)11) everyone (should) be prepared for emergency(考點：同上)來源：考試大12) If he had booked tickets in the way I told him(考點：在非真實條件句中用過去完成式表示與過去的事實相反)13) if I had not been interrupted(考點：同上)14) If it had rained, the ground would be wet(考點：在非真實條件句中，當主句與從句表示的動作不是同時發(fā)生

25、時，就根據情況用適當的謂語動詞形式)15) If I had been living in New York(考點：同上)16) he would be dead now(考點：同上)17) we could not have rent a house at such a low price(考點：but for經常作為非真實條件句中if的代用語)18) otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question(考點：otherwise也經常作為非真實條件句中if的代用語)19) I would seize th

26、e opportunity without hesitation(考點：在非真實條件句中如果有were, had, should這三個詞，可以省去if，采用主謂語倒裝的形式來表示條件)20) this act would have been passed much earlier(考點：同上)21) the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy(考點：同上)22) lest he should awaken the baby(考點：lest (以免)引導的從句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虛擬)六、不定

27、式1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months(考點：不定式作主語時常用it作形式主語放在句首代替不定式，而將不定式移到謂語后面)2) for us to have a good nights sleep before the test(考點：有時用“介詞for + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時整句的謂語描述的對象是事情，這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等)3) of you to donate so mu

28、ch money to the people in the disaster area(考點：有時用“介詞of + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時整句的謂語描述的對象是人，這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等)4) not

29、to punish those students who had been late for class(考點：1. 用不定式結構作decide的賓語;2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not)(能帶不定式作賓語的動詞常見的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, i

30、ntend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish)5) whether to visit their son in France(考點：“疑問詞+不定式”作動詞wonder的賓語。能以這種結構作賓語的動詞通常有ask, consider, decide, d

31、iscover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等)6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon(考點：不定式作賓語補語)7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art(考點：同上)(能帶不定式結構作賓語補語的動詞有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable,

32、determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：劃線的動詞后面的不定式不帶to)8) to be the c

33、hairman of students union in so large a university(考點：動詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞 + 不定式。it是形式賓語，不定式是真正賓語)9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice(考點：不定式作定語)考試大論壇(不定式常用作以下名詞/代詞的定語：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure,

34、intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等)10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air(考點：同上)11) the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs(考點：同上)12) American woman to explore the outer space(考點：由only,

35、last, next，序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語)13) only to drop it on their own feet(考點：不定式作結果狀語)14) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village(考點：不定式作原因狀語)15) to have taken up so much of your time(考點：1. 不定式作原因狀語;2. 不定式的完成時)16) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in(考點：不定式的進行式)17) to be tr

36、eated as a guest(考點：不定式的被動形式)18) go to the campus bookstore to buy used books(考點：不帶to的不定式)19) but play bridge the whole day(考點：同上)20) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room(考點：當動詞see, make, hear等用于被動語態(tài)時，不定式要保留to)七、分詞1) “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian(考點：分詞作賓語補語)(catch, discov

37、er, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等動詞常用分詞形式作賓語補語)2) parked in the fire lane(考點：分詞作定語)3) killing thousands upon thousands of people(考點：分詞作結果狀語)4) raising the average yield by 15 percent(考點：同上)5) trying to deduce its operating principle(考點：分詞作伴隨狀語)6) Seeing that eve

38、ryone was bending over his/her book(考點：分詞作原因狀語)7) Deeply moved by the boys deeds(考點：同上)8) Seen from the eyes of a young friend(考點：分詞作方式狀語)9) Not having heard from his parents for a long time(考點：1. 分詞作原因狀語;2.分詞的否定形式;3.現在分詞的完成式)八、動名詞1) Taking a cold bath every day(考點：動名詞作主語)2) making their daughter do

39、 what she didnt like to do(考點：動名詞作動詞的賓語)(下列動詞后的賓語只能是動名詞而不能是不定式：admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, cant help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, res

40、ent, resist, risk, cant stand, stop, suggest)考試大全國最大教育類網站(wwwE)3) getting our goods into the international market(考點：動名詞作介詞的賓語)4) crying over spilled milk(考點：動名詞用于固定結構。動名詞經常與以下詞組連用：be worth, have difficulty (in), it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, wh

41、ats the point of, whats the use of)5) having peeked at his neighbors test paper(考點：動名詞的完成式)6) being promoted to manager(考點：動名詞的被動式)九、非謂語動詞用法區(qū)別1) working very hard.(考點：mean表示“意味著”)2) to drive there, but his car broke down(考點：mean表示“打算”)(類似需要區(qū)別的動詞還有forget, remember, regret, go on, stop等)3) talking to

42、his mother(考點：強調正在進行)4) talk to his mother for an hour(考點：強調整個過程)5) only to break his own leg(考點：意料之外的結果)6) breaking his legs(考點：意料之中的結果)7) to see his parents in good health(考點：不定式作原因狀語位于句末)8) Seeing his parents safe and sound(考點：分詞作原因狀語位于句首)9) Following its footprints(考點：現在分詞強調主動)10) followed by tw

43、o body guards(考點：過去分詞強調被動)十、名詞從句1) Why they left their hometown for Yunnan(考點：主語從句)2) What confused me most(考點：同上)3) That this was done on purpose(考點：同上)4) who should be responsible for this matter(考點：較長的主語從句可以后置，用it作形式主語)5) whom Mary is engaged to(考點：同上)6) what can be done today(考點：賓語從句)7) what I h

44、ave been looking for(考點：表語從句)8) whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision(考點：whether/if引導后置的主語從句)9) Whether she likes the present(考點：whether引導前置的主語從句)10) whether I should ask for another loan(考點：whether引導表語從句)11) whether they will support us(考點：whether引導賓語從句)www.xamda.CoM考試就到考試大12) whether I can count on your vote(考點：whether引導同位語從句)(9-12中的whether不可以替換為if)13) that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages(考點：同位語從句)14) that the chairman would agree to this proposal(考點：同上)十一、定語從句1) the house wh