汽車離合器CAD系統(tǒng)的研究與設(shè)計外文文獻翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書  1 外文資料翻譯  THE RESEARCH AND DESIGN USING CAD SYSTEM FOR THE CLUTCH OF AUTOMOBILE Clutch is used to transfer and switch of the powers which are coming from the engine. In automobile, clutch is connected with engine and derailleur. It can shut of and stably transfer the power between them. How to reasonably, effectively and speedily design clutch always is the pursuing destination of all clutch factories. The appearance of CAD which is the abbreviation of computer aided design make it possible. Automobile CAD is the forerunner of CAD all the times. CAD is fist used in automotive industry and become more and more indivisible with CAM, CAE and CAP furthermore, integration is becoming to reality. Researching how to use computer to aid us design the automobile clutch and how to develop a useful and advanced automobile clutch computer aided design system-abbreviation is ACCAD that can make a steady system framework for automobile cultch integrated design and manufacture system. are the destination of this thesis.  ACCAD system should firstly be able to aid engineer design clutch, secondly to aid engineer analyze the designed clutch, finally to organize and manage the data of design. From the long-term consideration it should also be able to aid workshop manufacture clutch and help manager supervise all the life cycle of clutch. So it should have a core which can integrate all these subsystem. Engineering database (EDB) is just for this use and Using EDB to construct CIMS become an inevitable current. In order to expand ACCAD and realize clutch CIMS in the future ACCAD system also need EDB as the core to integrate each design and management subsystem into a whole system. At the third chapter of this thesis the technology of EDB and how to design automobile clutch EDB are researched and automobile clutch EDB is set up according to the framework of entire database, project database and design database.  車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書  2 The traditional procedures of the design of automobile clutch are: selecting storing confident, designing clutch structure type, friction flat, clutch sketch, assembled module and each part of clutch. In our country, all these procedure are handmade, but in the coming years with the application of computer aided drawing software such as Auto CAD of Auto Desk corp. engineering drawing can basically be done by computer. But the depicting capability of this two-dimension engineering drawing module is so deficient that it can only be used as drawings and can't be used to analyze by computer. Along with the appearance of B-P modeling and curve-based or solid-based modeling, mechanic parts are denoted by three-dimension module which can better aid engineer design and analyze them. But this module loses parts of the whole information of them, so it results in much difficulty to integrate aided design subsystem, aided manufacture subsystem and computer analyzing subsystem. Feature-based modeling can just make up this shortcoming, and also if it combines with parameter design technology it can enhance the capability not only of depicting but also of fast amending. At the forth chapter of this thesis the technology of feature-based is researched and the parametric feature-based solid models are created upon MDT that is belonging to Auto Desk corporation.  In order to aided engineers to design clutch faster computer is used to simulate engineers to use variant design technology to design clutch products that are based on original models. Variant design technology has some intelligence. Intelligent CAD is a direction of developing CAD. At the fifth chapter of this thesis the technology of variant design is researched and variant design of automobile clutch is achieved on MDT by the technology of parameter table-driven and feature restrained  Besides some degree of integrity and intelligence ACCAD system should have some degree of automation, that is to say that ACCAD can automatically design clutch according to primitive design requests, analyze, check and optimize some basic parameters of clutch. At the sixth chapter of this thesis the combining model of clutch is analyzed, some formulas of designing and calculating basic parameter are deduced, the working instances of diaphragm 車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書  3 spring are analyzed and the characters of load-distortion and stress-strain are calculated simulatively by the formulas of A-L which are approbatory internationally nowadays. The optimizations of some basic parameters and diaphragm spring are carried out by muti-body arithmetic in which design destinations, design restrictions and the primitive value of design variables can be changed according to real demands. Instances deduction and design templates are used to design the model of each part of clutch and all these models are assembled automatically after that basic parameters and structure type are completed according to primitive design demands. The design templates are deduced in existing design instance of clutch product by inter gent instance-deducing technology. Then designers can mend and to-and-fro design them till they can meet the design demands. So computer aided function and man's initiative can be fully enlarged, automatic design and mutual design are combined indeed . It needs not only much knowledge of automobile clutch design and CAD but also much high lever of software design and computer application to really realize such a complicate and advanced ACCAD system. So I also researched the method of object-oriented and the operation system of Windows and study many sorts of program design language. The theory of software engineering is used to analyze ACCAD system in requirement, function structure, flow chart, project design and module design. The software developing tools of Visual Basic and Visual C+ are used to design and implement the ACCAD system. Yi-Dong clutch corporation have applied it to design clutch. Practice proves that the ACCAD system can aid designers to design clutch well, remarkably improve the ability of clutch product design, greatly shorten the design cycle and also it has very high stability and extensibility. INVESTIGATION TO DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF VEHICLE AMT CLUTCHES DURING ENGAGEMENT 車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書  4 China Automotive Parts enterprises face more and more pressure and challenge with China joining WTO.The global Automotive and Parts MNC are gradually entering the lastly and largest potential market of the world.The local automotive industry especially parts is not so good as MNC no matter in scale, capital capacity, products technical level and marketing level.So in order the to exist,the local automotive parts enterprises must improve themselves as quickly as possible in some the fields. One of the important reasons for this risk is the slow Product Engineering with low technical content.It is caused by several reasons that are outdated engineering method， insufficient working experiences，low quality of the working people and the outdated methodology of product Engineering， and the last one is the most important reason. In comparison with hydraulic Automatic Transmission (AT) and Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT), Automatic Mechanical Transmission (AMT) has advantages of much lower cost in manufacturing and easier installation in driveline system .This means that there exists a vast potential market for development of such a mechanical technology. As an important functional module in AMT vehicles, however, the automatic clutches developed by far still have some shortcomings, for example, of road startup failure, considerable shock, unstable shifting, friction-caused service life reduction, and time-delay response. The key concern is therefore concentrated in this dissertation on real implementation of optimal transient responses and control laws during engagement of the clutches, and detailed investigations are made both in theory and experiment.  Strong nonlinearities exist in such component systems as engine, clutch membrane spring and servo actuator and consequently difficulties are encountered in design of the optimal control for improving transient responses of the automatic clutch. A system synthesis is proposed herein for the study of nonlinear dynamics and control of AMT automatic clutches. Based on principles of automotive powertrain systems, the main system under consideration can be decomposed into two sub-systems, engine and transmission systems. The Popov super stability theory has adopted for the first time in association with reference, 車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書  5 model following adaptive control for the engine. monitoring. The engine monitor requires accurate predictions of rational velocities. A prediction model is constructed on the basis of flat neural network A fast recursive algorithm is used  to improve the learning speed by forgetting factor. Accordingly, the present neural network algorithm leads to considerable reduction of effort in network weighting matrix as well as increase of self-learning and adaptability of neural network algorithms to nonlinear and nonstationary systems. It has been shown by comparison of the numerical results with experiments that the modified algorithm is proved to be reliable and effective in the engine condition monitoring. In modeling the system, the load-deflection relationship of the clutch membrane spring is generally treated as a black box, and as a result many advanced control methods can not be applied. A new approach for the black box is required nevertheless in development of the accurate model. The nonlinear relationship is mathematically derived out for the clutch system during engagement and a further progress is thus made to certain extent for the Almen-Lazslo method. By matching control inputs of the two subsystems, a synthetically optimal performance of the system can be achieved. It can be seen that by the system synthesis, not only the design of a feedback controller is accommodated according to longitudinal dynamic requirements of the whole vehicle, but an effective procedure is established for solving problems of time-delay and inaccuracy due to the use of the analysis method of upper-lower layers.  Differential geometry provides a powerful tool for the analysis of nonlinear dynamic systems. With consideration of the automatic clutch which is a typical a fine nonlinear system, the differential manifold and corresponding a companion form to the original system with nonlinearities can be constructed by using feedback linearization approach. It is demonstrated by simulations and experiments that this method simplifies the design of the controller, and is of practical significance for real engineering applications. In this dissertation,  operator and its transform in frequency domain are introduced for the first time into the field of automotive electronics technology. In comparison with the 車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書  6 conventional z operator, digital iterations of  operator are featured by higher precision and more stability while sample time T -4 0.The nonlinear sliding mode controller is taken as an example, the implementation form of  operator discretion control, the error analysis and the algorithms stability are studied both theory and engineering application. In high frequency sampling systems the approach has advantages in industrial applications and enriches its new fields of application, especially in vehicle electronics. Based upon the minimum value principle, a muti-objective optimal control is applied to derive out for the first time the optimal response in analytic form by compromising longitudinal shock and plane slippage of the automatic clutch related with each other in the transmission sub-systems. The real significance of the synthetic optimal control lies in expression of the theoretical optimal performance. For preventing the control system from system uncertainties and external perturbations the robust sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee the system to trace the optimal trajectory. Since dynamic properties of the sliding mode is invariant to extraneous disturbance, the SMC method may apply for  a kind of complicated systems with nonlinearities and uncertainties like the automatic clutch. It is shown through numerical simulations that errors of the SMC in reference model following are far less than the PID control whenever the damping orifice flux coefficient of an on-of solenoid, the frictional plate wear quality, friction coefficient and the driveline elastic coefficient may be deviated in a permissible range, respectively. Hence, the present work possesses of significant value in engineering application.  As an important part of the dissertation, the virtual mechanical prototyping and real on-vehicle experiments for the automatic clutch system are made, respectively. The virtual machine is modeled in ADAMS software and verified by real vehicle experiments. Therefore, through comparison of the virtual experiments within ADAMS environment with theoretical predictions for transient responses of the clutch during engagement, reliable and effective instructions are provided for design of the hydraulic actuator and PC controller required in real vehicle experiments. The control apparatus for automatic clutch  車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書  7 include sensors, microcomputer and their interfaces. All experiments are carried out on the Santana LX car, and much attention is focused to typical difficult working conditions, such as small through angle, heavy load, high gear and steep ramp. It is shown by the results obtained from the experiments that fairly good transient responses during the clutch engagement are achieved. By the control strategies presented in this dissertation, the engine is prevented from flameout, moreover, vehicle startup and gear shift smoothly can be adjusted with short friction duration and quick response of the actuator. All these mean that the adaptability for subjective will, time varying driving conditions of vehicle and complicated surroundings. In a word, on the basic of theoretical research and control technology, the performance of AMT automatic clutch is improved markedly, moreover, the apparatus for experiments establishes a massy foundation for future product development.  車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書  8 汽車離合器 CAD 系統(tǒng)的研究與設(shè)計  離合器是用來傳遞和切斷從發(fā)動機傳來的動力的一種機構(gòu)。在汽車上，  它和發(fā)動機的飛輪相連接，切斷和平穩(wěn)地實現(xiàn)發(fā)動機和變速器之間的動力傳遞。如何合理、高效、快捷地設(shè)計離合器一直是國內(nèi)外離合器廠家追求的目標(biāo)， CAD (Computer Aided Design)的誕生將此希望變?yōu)榭赡?。汽?CAD 一直是 CAD 技術(shù)的先驅(qū)， CAD 技術(shù)最先是應(yīng)用在汽車工業(yè)上，而且與 CAM. CAE 和CAPP 越來越不可分割，集成化正成為現(xiàn)實。研究如何應(yīng)用計算機來輔助設(shè)計汽車離合器，以及如何設(shè)計開發(fā)出一個實用的、先進的汽車離合器 CAD 系統(tǒng)  簡稱 ACCAD (Automotive Clutch CAD)，為實現(xiàn)汽車離合器集成設(shè)計制造系統(tǒng)打下一個堅實的系統(tǒng)框架，正是本文的目的。   汽車離合器 CAD 系統(tǒng)首先必須能夠輔助工程設(shè)計人員設(shè)計離合器、其次能夠輔助設(shè)計人員分析設(shè)計的離合器、最后還能夠很 好的組織和管理設(shè)計過程中的數(shù)據(jù)。從長遠考慮它還應(yīng)該能夠輔助生產(chǎn)車間制造新產(chǎn)品、管理人員管理整個產(chǎn)品的生命周期，所以必須有一個核心能夠?qū)⑦@些子系統(tǒng)集成在一起。工程數(shù)據(jù)庫正是在這種需求下誕生的，以工程數(shù)據(jù)庫為核心構(gòu)建 CIMS 已成了必然的趨勢。為今后汽車離合器 CAD 系統(tǒng)的擴充和發(fā)展，以及逐步實現(xiàn)CIMS 創(chuàng)建一個堅實的框架， ACCAD 系統(tǒng)同樣也需要以工程數(shù)據(jù)庫為核心將個設(shè)計和管理子系統(tǒng)集成為一個整體。本文第三章對工程數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)進行研究，并對汽車離合器 CAD 系統(tǒng)的工程數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計進行了討論，按全局庫、項目庫和設(shè)計庫的 組織結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)建了汽車離合器工程數(shù)據(jù)庫。   傳統(tǒng)的汽車離合器設(shè)計基本上是選擇后備系數(shù)、離合器型式、設(shè)計摩擦片、設(shè)計草圖、設(shè)計裝配總成、設(shè)計各零件。在國內(nèi)，這些過程基本上都是人工進行的，但近些年來，隨著計算機輔助繪圖軟件如 Auto Desk 公司的 Auto CAD 的應(yīng)用，工程圖的繪制基本上可在計算機上進行。用這種二維工程圖的模型，計算機只能輔助工程設(shè)計人員繪制工程圖紙，無法對零部件進行分析，這種模型描述能力低下。隨著線框建模技術(shù)、基于曲面或?qū)嶓w建模技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，零部件在計算機中將以三維的方式表示，它能夠很好地輔助工程 設(shè)計人員設(shè)計和分析零部件。但這種模型缺乏對產(chǎn)品零部件信息的完整描述，  從而導(dǎo)致計算機輔助設(shè)計系統(tǒng)、制造系統(tǒng)和分析系統(tǒng)集成困難。特征建模技術(shù)正車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書  9 好能夠彌補這種缺陷，而將特征建模技術(shù)和參數(shù)化建模技術(shù)結(jié)合起來則  既能提高產(chǎn)品模型的描述能力又能夠提高產(chǎn)品模型的快速修改能力。本文第  四章對參數(shù)化特征建模技術(shù)進行研究，并用參數(shù)化特征建模技術(shù)在 Auto Desk  公司的 Mechanical Desktop(簡稱 MDT)軟件上對汽車離合器零部件建立了產(chǎn)品模型。   為使汽車離合器 CAD 系統(tǒng)輔助設(shè)計人員更快地開發(fā)離合器新產(chǎn)品， 讓計算機模擬工程設(shè)計人員根據(jù)原有的產(chǎn)品模型進行變型設(shè)計是 CAD 系統(tǒng)智能化的一個表現(xiàn)。智能 CAD 是 CAD 的一個發(fā)展方向。本文的第五章對變型設(shè)計技術(shù)進行了研究，并應(yīng)用參數(shù)表驅(qū)動和特征抑制技術(shù)在 MDT 上實現(xiàn)了汽車離合器零部件的智能化變型設(shè)計。   汽車離合器 CAD 系統(tǒng)除了具有一定的集成化和智能化之外還應(yīng)該具有一定的自動化，也就是說系統(tǒng)能夠根據(jù)設(shè)計要求自動地設(shè)計離合器、并對離合器的一些基本參數(shù)和零部件進行校核分析和優(yōu)化。本文的第六章對離合器的結(jié)合模型進行了分析，推導(dǎo)出了一些基本參數(shù)設(shè)計計算公式 ;對膜片彈簧的工作情況進 行了分析，運用當(dāng)前國際上比較認可的 A-L 法對膜片彈簧的載荷變形特性和應(yīng)力應(yīng)變特性進行了仿真計算。汽車離合器基本參數(shù)優(yōu)化和膜片彈簧的優(yōu)化均采用復(fù)合形優(yōu)化算法，其中設(shè)計目標(biāo)、設(shè)計約束和設(shè)計變量的初始值，設(shè)計人員可以根據(jù)實際要求改變。根據(jù)設(shè)計和優(yōu)化了的離合器的基本參數(shù)、離合器的型式、初始條件，采用實例推理法和設(shè)計模板法初步設(shè)計離合器的各零部件，并自動將其裝配起來，形成離合器零部件及裝配模型的設(shè)計模板。設(shè)計模板是通過智能化實例推理技術(shù)從現(xiàn)有的實例中推理而來，  然后用戶則在此基礎(chǔ)上采用交互的方式逐步改進、往復(fù)設(shè)計，直 到滿足設(shè)計要求為止。因此這樣既發(fā)揮了計算機的輔助作用，也充分地擴展了人的主動地位，真正地實現(xiàn)了自動化設(shè)計和交互式設(shè)計相結(jié)合。   如何真正地實現(xiàn)如此復(fù)雜和先進的汽車離合器 CAD 系統(tǒng)，這不僅需要許多的汽車離合器設(shè)計和 CAD 方面的專業(yè)知識，更需要很高的計算機軟件設(shè)計和計算機應(yīng)用水平。本人還對面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計方法和當(dāng)前的 Windows 操作系統(tǒng)進行了研究，學(xué)習(xí)了多種程序設(shè)計語言和一些軟件開發(fā)工具。運用軟件工程的理論對 ACCAD 系統(tǒng)進行了需求分析、功能結(jié)構(gòu)分析、流程圖分析、車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書  10 方案設(shè)計、模塊設(shè)計。運用面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計方 法、多種程序設(shè)計語言，用 Visual Basic 和 Visual C+開發(fā)工具設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了汽車離合器 CAD 系統(tǒng)。一汽東光離合器廠已經(jīng)大量應(yīng)用該系統(tǒng)，實踐證明 ACCAD 系統(tǒng)能夠很好的輔助設(shè)計人員設(shè)計離合器、能顯著地提高離合器產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計能力、大大縮短離合器產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)周期，而且系統(tǒng)具有很高的穩(wěn)定性和可擴充性。  汽車 AMT 自動離合器接合過程的動力學(xué)與控制研究  隨著中國加入 WTO，中國汽車零部件企業(yè)面臨著越來越大的壓力和挑戰(zhàn)，  全球性的跨國汽車及零部件公司正逐漸地入侵中國這一個世界上最大也是最后一個潛在汽車市場 。國內(nèi)汽車行業(yè)尤其是汽車零部件與跨國公司相比，無論是從規(guī)模、資金實力