高三英語完形填空教學(xué)策略研究.ppt

1、高三英語 完形填空教學(xué)策略研究,I、完形填空作為考題的理論依據(jù),II、完形填空的命題形式和特點,III、完形填空的教學(xué)策略,I. 理論依據(jù),完形填空：cloze（closure,英國學(xué)者泰勒 (WLTaylor 1953,格式塔心理學(xué) (Gestalt Psychology,格式塔心理學(xué)家認為： 人們觀察物體形狀時，往往會無意識地把物體看成是完整的，即使形狀中有空缺，人們也會根據(jù)腦海里對某一事物的完整概念，利用已知的不完全的信息，推斷出該事物的全貌,應(yīng)用于語言學(xué)習(xí)，則是人們利用自然語言的冗余現(xiàn)象(redundancy)，將不完整的語言補全,redundancywhen something is

2、 unnecessary because it is more than is needed,英國學(xué)者Oller,綜合測試能更好地測量出學(xué)生的語言水平,特點： 一個項目同時測試語言的多方面知識和不止 一項技能,II、完形填空題的命題形式與特點,1、命題形式,提供一篇語句連貫的短文,有目的地在每隔一定數(shù)量的詞語后去除一個詞語,形成總共10，15或20處的空缺,在相應(yīng)的空缺處設(shè)置A、 B、 C和 D 四個備選答案,07年起）廣東?。涸O(shè)10處空缺的多項選擇完形,08年起）上海市：一篇為設(shè)10處空缺的 選詞完形，一篇為設(shè)15處空缺的多項選擇完形,04年起）福建?。?設(shè) 20處空缺的多項選擇完形,2、命

3、題特點,總體思路相對穩(wěn)定,考查考生對語篇整體的理解能力和行文之 間的邏輯推理能力,考查考生詞匯的綜合運用能力,設(shè)題意圖、要求更加明晰（實施新課程后,考查點應(yīng)控制在考試說明(表I) 未標(biāo)號的詞匯及 (表II) 帶號的詞匯,考查閱讀理解能力和詞匯的綜合運用能力,所選的材料要有利于考生進行語篇分析， 要保證本大題有較好的區(qū)分度,1、設(shè)項簡潔、以考查詞匯為主,主要以考查單個的詞匯為主，配以少量的 詞組或短語,選項設(shè)置主要采用同一詞類的單詞或同 屬同一范疇的詞、詞組或短語,實例1：(2009福建) When Stephen Guyers three children were growing up, h

4、e told them stories about bow his grandfather, a banker, 36 all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. 36. A. missed B. lost C. forgot D. ignored (2010福建) “ Still cant speak Chinese?” He 41 me , “You cant even buy a fish in Chinatown .” 41 A. cared about B. laughed at C. argued

5、 with D. asked after,2004至2010年福建省完形填空考點設(shè)置一覽,2、行文邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)度高、確保答案的唯一性,空缺處待填充的信息不是孤立存在的， 而是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的；解題時需要從整體上分 析句與句之間的聯(lián)系，并通過已知信息推 斷出正確的答案,實例2：(2010福建) . On a Chinese New Years Eve , my uncle spoke to me in Chinese , but all I could do was 40 at him , confused , scratching my head . “ Still cant speak Chinese

6、?” He 41 me , “You cant even buy a fish in Chinatown .” “Hey ,this is America , not China. Ill get some 42 with or without Chinese.” I replied and turned to my mom for 43 . 40. A. aimB. joke C. nod D. stare 41. A. cared aboutB. laughed at C. argued with D. asked after 42. A. right nowB. from now C.

7、at times D. in time 43. A. decision B. permission C. information D. preparation,如果句與句是孤立存在的，就會產(chǎn)生答案不是唯一性的結(jié)果,I replied and turned to my mom for 43 . (2010福建) A. decision B. permission C. information D. preparation,3、穩(wěn)中求變，時代感強,文化內(nèi)涵；正面教育的積極意義；題材新穎；語言地道；生活氣息濃郁；時代感強； 符合考生的生活經(jīng)驗、學(xué)習(xí)特點和認知水平,情感態(tài)度、人生價值觀、跨文化思維、

8、跨文化交際,教學(xué)策略一 依據(jù)考試說明，強化活用詞匯能力,重點關(guān)注： 1、近義詞 2、兼類詞 3、具有引申意義的詞,III.完形填空教學(xué)策略,1、近義詞,完形填空的考點選項多以近義詞作為干擾選項,實例3：(2009福建) When Stephen Guyers three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker, 36 all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. 36. A. misse

9、d B. lost C. forgot D. ignored,實例4： (2010福建) the breath of the dragon(龍）on my back grew strongermy blood boiling 49 me to cry out . “Xian Sheng Yu ,please” A. forcing B. allowing C. persuading D. leading,應(yīng)對策略,增強詞匯辨析能力 展示不同的例句供學(xué)生觀察、分析 引導(dǎo)和啟發(fā)學(xué)生discover language（ 自行發(fā)現(xiàn)和歸納語言規(guī)律） 輔以口、筆頭造句或?qū)懽鞯刃问郊右詰?yīng)用鞏固,2、兼類詞,

10、一詞多義、一詞兼有多種詞類的詞也是完形填空常設(shè)為考點的詞。 實例5 Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors. When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face, , (2010福建) 36. A. custom B. games C. characters D. language,實例6 I found the fish 45 surrounded in a sea of customers.

11、“Id like to buy some fresh fish ,” I shouted to the fishman . (2010福建) A. farm B. stand C. pond D. market,應(yīng)對策略： 重點關(guān)注一詞多義的兼類詞；在平時的閱 讀中，關(guān)注其在不同語句、語境中的詞類變化,拓寬語言輸入渠道，閱讀原版英 文小說、英文報刊或收看英語電視新聞節(jié)目， 逐步養(yǎng)成用英語思維的習(xí)慣,3、具有引申意義的詞,實例7 The 51 is telling the stories in a way children can 52 . (2009福建) 51. A. trouble B.

12、gift C. fact D. trick,應(yīng)對策略,以教材為載體，重視猜詞悟意能力的培養(yǎng); 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)閱讀英美國家的時文報刊 了解更多詞匯作為引申詞義、原汁原味的表達,人教版必修5 Unit 4 Making the newsReading ） ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes? HX: This is a trick of the trade,人教版必修1 Unit 3 Travel JournalUsing language） There was almost no windonly the flames

13、of our fire for company,人教版選修6 Unit 1 ArtUsing language） A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded,人教版選修7 Unit 3 Under the seareading） “Man overboard! Turn the boat around! urged George, shouting loudly,人教版選修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsreading

14、） Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office,教學(xué)策略二 立足教材，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析語句結(jié)構(gòu)的能力,1、語法分析能力 2、長、難句分析能力,1、語法分析能力,實例8 (2009福建) In one of the darkest times 37 his strong- minded grandfather was nearly 38

15、 , 37. A. when B. while C. how D. why,實例9 (2009福建) What they 45 was how warm the people were in the house and how 46 of their heart was accessible. 45. A. talked about B. cared about C. wrote about D. heard about 46. A. much B. many C. little D. few,教學(xué)建議,以教材為藍本，夯實語法基礎(chǔ)，提升語法分析能力。 還可借助英文歌曲、英文詩歌、諺語等加深對語

16、法基礎(chǔ)知識的理解和記憶,人教版必修2 Unit 1 Cultural relicsReading ） In September 1941, the Nazis army was near St Peterburg. This was a time when the two countries were at war,人教版必修5 Unit 3Life in the futureReading ) I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbe

17、d in through a small opening,人教版選修6 Unit 5Reading ) I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my windows,when 并列連詞 = and (just) at that time,人教版選修9 Unit 1 Breaking recordsReading ) While these activities might seem childish and cau

18、se laughter rather than respect, in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination. etc,while conj. 雖然,英文歌曲 “She”歌詞片段（可供學(xué)習(xí)定語從句） She is the one that you never forget She is the heaven-sent angel you met Oh, she must be the reason why God made a girl She is so

19、 pretty all over the world,It was a night of early spring, The winter-sleep was scarcely broken Around us shadows and the wind Listened for what was never spoken Though half a score of years are gone, Spring comes as sharply now as then But if we had it all to do It would be done the same again. It

20、was a spring that never came. But we have lived enough to know What we have never had, remain; It is the things we have that go,Wisdom,Proverbs(諺語,Strike while the iron is hot. (An American proverb) Once the arrow has been shot it cannot be recalled. (An Asian proverb) He who stirs anothers porridge

21、 often burns his own. (A Swedish proverb) The eyes are of little use if the mind is blind. (An Arabian proverb) A boy living near Buddhist temple can learn an untaught lesson.( A Japanese proverb) Its no using crying over the spilt milk. (A British proverb,2、長、難句分析能力,實例10 (2008福建) Nowadays, the soci

22、alization of the child in the United States is a 52 transaction between parent and child 53 a one-way, parent-to-child training 54 . 52. A. one-sided B. many-sided C. round-wayD. two-way 53. A. more than B. rather than C. better thanD. less than 54. A. manner B. methodC. program D. guide,實例11 (2007福

23、建,The part of my job I 47 most was the counseling (咨詢) meetings I 48 with the family members of the men and women in my 49 , trying to help them deal with the long periods of 50 . 47.A. took B. hated C. enjoyedD. did 48. A. ended B. began C. continued D. held 49. A. charge B. situation C. position D

24、. choice 50. A. lessons B. meeting C. training D. separation,實例 12 (2009福建,In one of the darkest times 37 his strong-minded grandfather was nearly 38 , he loaded his family into the car and 39 them to see family members in Canada with a 40 ,“there are more important things in life than money. ” 37.

25、A. when B. while C. how D. why 38. A. friendless B. worthless C. penniless D. homeless 39. A fetched B. allowed C. expected D. took 40. A. hope B. promise C. suggestion D. belief,應(yīng)對策略,遇到長句、難句，應(yīng)保持冷靜，試著先找出句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)；再從語法的層面上確定句子屬于哪一類結(jié)構(gòu)，并理解句意。然后借助上下文關(guān)聯(lián)的信息，進行分析、推敲，做出選擇。 還可選用一些題典，提供給學(xué)生現(xiàn)場討論、分析，并實戰(zhàn)演練，提升學(xué)生對長、難句

26、的識別能力、分析能力和理解能力,教學(xué)策略三 拓寬閱讀文體，提升真正的閱讀理解能力,完形命題選材有所變化： 議論文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等文體 出現(xiàn)在 “上海、重慶、廣東、江蘇、安徽等一些省份的高考完形題中 這種變化傳導(dǎo)出的信息就是：考生應(yīng)具備閱讀多種文體的能力, 以應(yīng)對完形填空對閱讀能力的考查趨于廣度、深度的要求,1 、記敘文,記敘文的主要特點是以敘事為主。 用作完形填空命題的記敘文，通常以第一人稱的手法講述作者生活中親身經(jīng)歷的一件事，文章結(jié)尾常以作者由此經(jīng)歷而引發(fā)的人生感悟作為結(jié)束,2010福建) Born in America , I spoke English ,not Chinese ,th

27、e language of my ancestors . When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pushed them 37 ,my mom believed I would learn 38 I was ready .But the 39 never came. . Should I laugh or cry Theyre Chinese . I should feel right at 52 . Instead , I was the joke , a disgrace (

28、丟臉)to the language. Sometimes , I laugh at my fish 53 , but , in the end .the joke is on 54 . Every laugh is a culture 55 ; every laugh is my heritage (傳統(tǒng))fading away,解題技巧,關(guān)注首句和結(jié)束句，在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，縷出貫穿全文的線索詞。 而后，聯(lián)系上下文，結(jié)合空缺處前后的具體的語境、找出關(guān)鍵信息詞, 并依據(jù)已有的信息推斷缺失的信息，恢復(fù)文章的原貌,2010福建) Born in America , I spoke English

29、 ,not Chinese , When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pushed them 37 ,my mom believed 38 I was ready .But the 39 never came. On a Chinese New Years Eve , my uncle spoke to me in Chinese , but all I could do was 40 at him , confused , scratching my head . “ Sti

30、ll cant speak Chinese?” He 41 me , buy a fish in Chinatown .” “Hey ,this is America , not China. Ill get some 42 with or without Chinese.” Should I laugh or cry Theyre Chinese . I should feel right at 52 .,實例 13,2）議論文,議論文主要是通過事例、數(shù)據(jù)等作為 論據(jù)對作者提出的觀點或見解（論點）進行論證的一種文體,實例14. （2010廣東,Every country has its ow

31、n culture. Even though each country uses doors. Doors many have 21 functions and purposes which lead to 22 differences. When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different 23 and they had distinct functions. and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to 24 the building. T

32、his was new to me, because we use the 25 door in South Korea. The way of using school bus doors was also 26 to me . opened both the front and back doors, 27 who should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on 28 . In South Korea, , I 29 tried to get on the school bus through the

33、 front door. .I was totally 30 ,and my face went red,實例15 (2008福建,The position of children in American family and society is no longer what is used to be. The 36 family in colonial(殖民時期的) North America was mainly concerned with survival and 37 that, With the 40 of the society, the position of childr

34、en in the family and in the society became more important. This new 48 of children and the frequent contact between the members of society has also 49 an increasing interest in child-raising techniques. Nowadays, the socialization of the child in the United States is a 52 transaction(事務(wù)) between par

35、ent and child 53 a one-way, parent-to-child training 54 . As a consequence, socializing children and 55 with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems,實例16（2009江蘇,The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As

36、a result, all students must 36 sixty hours of service learning, 37 they will not receive a diploma. Supporters claim that there are many 41 of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think 42 their own interests and become 43 of the needs of others. For example, if a stude

37、nt wonders what teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month. 47 there are many benefits, Opponents （反對者） 48 problems with the new requirement. First, they 49 that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skil

38、ls. Because . Second, they believe that forcing students to work without 51 goes against the law. In my view, service learning is a great way to 52 to the community, learn new skills, and explore different careers.,解題技巧,跳出眼睛只盯住文字層面順序往下走的定勢解題方法 重點關(guān)注文章的第一句，每一段的首句和文章的結(jié)束句 構(gòu)筑出文章的總體框架：論點 論據(jù)（事例） 結(jié)論 聯(lián)系上下文，通

39、過已知的信息，推斷出未知的信息,3、說明文,說明文是以說明為主要的表達方式來解說事物、闡明事理、給人知識的一種文體。 作者通常在文章的首句直接提出說明的對象，然后按時間順序或空間順序或邏輯順序等來寫作。 特點是：段落層次清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹,實例17 (2010安徽,Most people give little thought to the pens they write with , especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very 36 things are handwritten .All too

40、 often, people buy a pen based only on 37 , and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it ,However, buying a pen that youll enjoy is not 39 if you keep the following in mind. First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use. . Then, the writing point of the pe

41、n should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均勻的) while that pen remains in touch with the paper. 52 ,the pen should make a thick , dark line. Fine-line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but fine, delicate lines do not command 54 next to printed text ,as , 55 , a signature on a printed letter.,實例18 (2009重慶,People

42、often fall ill because of me. 36 , they can hardly blame me; it is largely their own 37 . A tired person may get 38 , especially when he goes to crowded places with polluted air. A sudden change in 39 is another factor. They will catch a cold easily. My latest victim is . After school, he played football hard . Though 40 , he still went to the cinema. I seized this golden chance to 41 him. He reacted, trying to 42 me, but