The Great Gats and the American Dream 論文定稿

1、普通本科畢業(yè)論文 題目：the great gatsby and the american dream 蓋茨比及其美國夢學 院 外國語學院 學生姓名 李嘉茵 學 號 0051843專 業(yè) 經(jīng)貿(mào)英語 級 別 05級 指導教師 李春長 職 稱 副教授 二oo九 年 六 月普通本科生畢業(yè)論文誠信承諾書畢業(yè)論文題目the great gatsby and the american dream學生姓名李嘉茵專業(yè)經(jīng)貿(mào)英語學 號0051843指導老師李春長職 稱副教授所在學院外國語學院誠信承諾本人慎重承諾和聲明：我承諾在畢業(yè)論文活動中遵守學校有關規(guī)定，恪守學術規(guī)范，在本人的畢業(yè)論文中未剽竊、抄襲他人的學術觀

2、點、思想和成果，未篡改研究數(shù)據(jù)，如有違規(guī)行為發(fā)生，我愿承擔一切責任，接受學校的處理。學生（簽名）：年 月 日摘要了不起的蓋茨比是菲茨杰拉德的一部名著,通過對蓋茨比的悲劇的描寫再現(xiàn)了美國20 世紀20 年代“迷惘一代”的美國夢的必然破滅。作品深刻反映了社會現(xiàn)實,揭示了美國社會浮華背后的精神危機,揭露了生活在美國爵士時代的不同階層在金錢面前的不同表現(xiàn)和美國夢的必然破滅。主人公杰伊蓋茨比是美國夢的犧牲品, 他的一生充滿了悲劇性的色彩,他的夢想的破滅正是美國二十世紀前半期的寫照, 他的這種夢想也是美國人當時心態(tài)的反映。蓋茨比的執(zhí)著追求歸于毀滅, 有著其深刻的社會原因: 扭曲變質了的美國夢、美國社會的道

3、德和價值觀念的淪喪和墮落。本文首先闡述了美國夢的定義及演變，然后簡介作者和作品的背景。第三部分細講蓋茨比的財富夢和愛情夢。最后認為美國夢的破滅是必然的及其給世人的啟迪。關鍵詞：了不起的蓋茨比;美國夢;財富夢;愛情夢abstractthe great gatsby is one of fitzgeralds masterpieces. the author vividly presents the doomed failure of the lost generation in the 1920s by describing the tragedy of gatsby. the novel re

4、flects the social reality, displays spiritual crisis behind the vanity, and reveals how the different strata in americas jazz age regarded money and the bankruptcy of the american dream. jay gatsby is the victim of american dream and his life is full of tragedy. the wreckage of his dream is just the

5、 reflection of american life in the first half of the twentieth century. gatsbys dream also reflects the state of mind of americans at that time. there are several reasons for gatsbys failure (from his pursuit of the dream to the destruction of his life): the corrupted american dream, the ruined mor

6、al and values in america. the paper firstly tells the definition and derivation of the american dream. then it gives a brief introduction of the background of the author and the work. the third part is the analysis of gatsbys fortune dream and love dream. finally, the author points out the inevitabl

7、e disillusion of the american dream and presents the enlightenments of the novel.key words: the great gatsby; american dream; fortune dream; love dreamcontents1 introduction12 the american dream22.1 the definition22.2 the development33 the background of f. scott fitzgerald and the great gatsby33.1 t

8、he social background33.2 the writing background44 gatsby and his american dream54.1 gatsby and his fortune dream54.2 gatsby and his love dream85conclusion12references13acknowledgements14普通本科畢業(yè)論文 題目：upon the translation strategy of chinese culture-loaded words 文化負載詞的英譯探討學 院 外國語學院 學生姓名 楊林海 學 號 0083157

9、專 業(yè) 英語（經(jīng)貿(mào)方向） 級 別 08級 指導教師 職 稱 二oo九 年 六 月普通本科生畢業(yè)論文誠信承諾書畢業(yè)論文題目upon the translation strategy of chinese culture-loaded words學生姓名楊林海專業(yè)英語（經(jīng)貿(mào)方向）學 號0083157指導老師職 稱所在學院外國語學院誠信承諾本人慎重承諾和聲明：我承諾在畢業(yè)論文活動中遵守學校有關規(guī)定，恪守學術規(guī)范，在本人的畢業(yè)論文中未剽竊、抄襲他人的學術觀點、思想和成果，未篡改研究數(shù)據(jù)，如有違規(guī)行為發(fā)生，我愿承擔一切責任，接受學校的處理。學生（簽名）：年 月 日摘要：隨著各國之間的文化交流越來越頻繁，

10、文化交流與翻譯已經(jīng)建立了緊密的聯(lián)系。在向世界介紹中國文化的過程中，文化負載詞的翻譯成了翻譯者所面臨的一個棘手問題。這篇論文對文化負載詞進行了比較詳盡的介紹和分類,并且探討了著名翻譯者在翻譯文學作品中的這類詞所采用的翻譯策略，從而得出翻譯文化負載詞比較理想的翻譯策略。本文首先介紹了語言、文化和翻譯的關系。從而得出，翻譯不僅是一種雙語活動，本質上涉及了兩種文化的交際活動。接著，根據(jù)一些學者提出文化負載詞的含義，得出漢語文化負載詞的定義和分類。本文從文化交流這個角度來研究漢語文化負載詞，并找出有針對性的辦法來解決如何翻譯好漢語文化詞。分析“歸化”、“異化”兩種翻譯策略對十漢語文化負載詞的意義。根據(jù)實

11、際情況，靈活處理漢語文化負載詞的翻譯問題。在當今“全球化”國際環(huán)境下，“異化”翻譯是一種總的發(fā)展趨勢，它有利十保存漢語的文化韻味，從ifu達到對漢語的推廣，樹立民族形象的目的。而“歸化”翻譯作為一種必要的輔助模式，則有利十緩和文化沖突，增進互相理解，實現(xiàn)跨文化交際。最后，通過翔實的例子分析，本文列出了“歸化”翻譯和“異化”翻譯的具體方法，使文章更具實用性。關鍵詞：文化負載詞; 文化負載詞的分類; 異化; 歸化abstract: with the frequent cultural exchanges among all the countries, the close relationship

12、 between cultural exchange and translation has been constructed. during the introduction of the chinese culture to the world, one of the tricky problems facing the translator is to deal with the translation of culture-loaded words. the paper makes a detailed elaboration on the culture-loaded words a

13、nd its classification, and explores translation strategies of this sort of words in the version of famous literary works by some well-known translators, with an aim to find the proper translation strategy for the culture-loaded words.the paper starts with the relationship of language, culture and tr

14、anslation. it summarizes translation is a bilingual activity and more essentially a bicultural activity.after the analysis of different interpretations of culture-loaded words put forward by many scholars, the definition and classification of chinese culture-loaded words is clear. it is advisable to

15、 study the translation of chinese culture-loaded words from the cultural perspective so as to find out available strategies and practical methods. with detailed analysis and abundant examples, the author tries to clarify that both domestication and foreignization can stand rationally in the english

16、translation of chinese culture-loaded words. in the present situation of globalization, cultural blending forms a prevailing tendency. as the primary choice of translation strategies, foreignization serves to retain the cultural flavor of the source language, and help extend the influence of chinese

17、 culture in international communication. nevertheless, domestication also deserves the translators consideration in that it can eliminate cultural conflict and achieve intelligibility of the target readers. absolute application of either of the two strategies is unscientific and one-sided. finally,

18、through analysis of example, this paper lists the specific methods ofdomestication and foreignization, which makes the whole thesis more complete and practical.key words: culture-loaded words; classification; foreignization; domesticationthe great gatsby and the american dream1 introductionin the 19

19、20s, f. scott. fitzgerald, a famous american writer wrote his masterpiece called the great gatsby which is known for its beautiful language, subtle techniques and so on. it also reveals the disillusion of the american dreamthe disparity between material richness and spiritual emptiness which is an i

20、rony of the american value system. to certain extent, the tragedy of gatsby is the tragedy of the time. gatsby himself is the victim of the whole society. the 1920s in america was a time of carefree prosperity, isolation from the worlds problems, bewildering social change and feverish pursuit of ple

21、asure. the social, cultural, and historical milieu of the 1920s reflected in its pages is not so different from our own. f. scott fitzgerald is widely praised as the finest and most celebrated novelist of the twentieth century america. fitzgeralds masterpiece the great gatsby, as “the great american

22、 novel”, stands as the supreme achievement of his career. it is the classic novel about the american dream, one of the great novels of the 20th century as it captures perfectly some essential quality of the american myth and dream of the jazz age. the novel has profoundly portrayed the unsatisfied d

23、esire of wealth and displayed the theme of the novelthe disillusion of american dream. the novel can enrich the readers understanding of that time and make the readers know better about the influence of american dream on american society. america in the 1920s experienced superficial economic prosper

24、ity and also the latent crisis. the superficial economic prosperity and the business development distorted the american dream. people at that time believed that money could buy everything and that, if you had money, you could get whatever you wanted. from the first world war to the 1930s, the americ

25、an youth pursued the american ream blindly and feverishly. at last, their dreams were all dashed to the ground. gatsby was not an exception. the great gatsby is a gripping tragedy of the realization and disillusion of the american dream. the reason why it can be distinctive from the customary money

26、and banal love and brings amazement and warning to people is the woe in the construction of the dream. gatsbys pertinacity and artistic charm woke up the lost dream of people. the american dream made people combine it with the better days. they believed that material wealth could help them to realiz

27、e the dream while the reality was not the case. gatsby did not understand the real function of money in society. the american dream and better days that he believed are just a great lottery which was entirely incompatible with the social reality. 2 the american dream 2.1 the definitiondream means an

28、 unrealized ideal that expresses a resolution or belief. the early americans who held this sort of dream came to america and hoped to achieve great successes in a short time. america becomes an attractive place called paradise where every person can realize their dreams, so america becomes a mytholo

29、gy. as we all know, “the american dream” has great effects on american history, especially on the life of american people, but what is, indeed, “the american dream”? different people have different understanding and interpretation. the so-called american dream, is a belief that after a hard struggle

30、 the united states will be able to achieve the ideal of a better life, that is, people have to work through their own hard work, courage, creativity and determination to move towards prosperity, rather than rely on specific social classes and other assistance. many european immigrants hold the ameri

31、can dream as the ideal of the united states. despite some criticism of the american dream of excessive emphasis on material wealth and happiness, many americans really believe that the success of such an opportunity which is not found in other countries also does not exist in america. more and more

32、people from different nations would like to pursue their american dreams in the us. so the american dream also characterizes serious american fiction. the great gatsby written by f. scott. fitzgerald is indeed one of the representative works that reflects the illusory nature of the american dream.2.

33、2 the development the american dream is a kind of romantic expectation and also a belief in the possibility of achieving some sort of glowing future with hard work and sincere devotion. in the early years, the american dream was puritan desire for the freedom in religion and creation. along with the

34、 expansion to the west, the american dream developed into the pursuit of happiness, especially of success, including career, love and wealth. after the civil war, the american dream became more popular and concrete and it made people believe that as long as he worked hard, a poor boy could become a

35、millionaire on this wonderful land.3 the background of f. scott fitzgerald and the great gatsby 3.1 the social background when human history develops into the twentieth century, the american dream becomes the main aim of americans. at the end of the first world war, one of the most important literar

36、y developments took place, in which a new group of writers called “the lost generation” rebelled against former ideas and values, but they replaced the former only with despair and cynical hedonism. american literature of 1920s is characterized by disillusion of ideals and by civilization that the c

37、apitalist society advocates. the lost generation in the 1920s shows a sense of loss after the first world war. the charge that f. scott fitzgerald was an irresponsible writer is refuted by the composition of the great gatsby. he began planning the novel during the summer of 1922 which is set in the

38、midwest and new york at the end of the nineteenth century. at that time, he announced his decision to write “something newsomething extraordinary and beautiful and simpleintricately patterned.” (matthew j. bruccoli and margaret m.duggan, 1980: 112) the decade influences fitzgerald and his writing a

39、lot, just as arthur mizener observed that “scott fitzgerald had an imaginative sense of the experience of the 1920s, who was indeed a writer so closely related to his time. he was in danger of being wholly absorbed by his sense of it and of writing books that would not survive it.”( eble kenneth, 19

40、73:100) fascinated by the content of the american dream, f. scott fitzgerald employed what he knew and what he had, either directly or indirectly, experienced in post-war america to dramatize the disillusion that he felt amid the american greatness.3.2 the writing background among american writers i

41、n the 1920s, f. scott. fitzgerald is crowned with the most incredible achievement in the united states. his masterpiece, the great gatsby, conjures up the image of the roaring twenties, the age of flapper and the jazz age. its writing background was in the 1920s in america which was a time of carefr

42、ee prosperity, isolation from the worlds problems, bewildering social change and a feverish pursuit of pleasure. the decade is often referred to as the jazz age. america had just come out of the first world war, one of the bloodiest and most violent episodes in this nations history. the protagonist,

43、 jay gatsby, a poor young man, falls in love with a rich girl while he is serving as an officer in the army during the first world war. she loves him but marries someone else when she has given up on his coming back to her. a few years later, he becomes rich and tries to persuade her to leave her hu

44、sband for him. she nearly does, but instead stays with her husband. she kills her husbands mistress in an automobile accident. but the dead womans husband, deceived into thinking that gatsby is responsible, kills gatsby and then himself. f. scott. fitzgerald bitterly portrays the lamentable scenes h

45、e catches in the course of ethical and cultural collapse through disillusion of the american dream. in the great gatsby, there is a metaphor for an entire era when he portrays gatsbys world as an endless extravagant party, in which flappers seek frenetic pleasure. fitzgeralds novel the great gatsby

46、is a parody of the american dream, because in the experience of jay gatsby we have the corruption of the dream itself, that is, the traditional devotions wasted on spiritual gumdrops and material trivialities.4 gatsby and his american dream4.1 gatsby and his fortune dreamit is the american culture t

47、hat teaches gatsby to exert himself to “go ahead” in the world. he dreames to become a great man. as a boy, gatsby has high aspirations. he is not content with things as they are. trying to build up family fortunes and reach his goal, gatsby works out a schedule in studies. he forces himself to get

48、up early every morning and then exercise with dumbbells and wall-scaling. the schedule and the resolve are nearly the same as what benjamin franklin wrote in his autobiography which are also an echo of typical benjamin franklins resolve concerning thrift, health and the goal of advancement. in the s

49、chedule, we discover the roots of gatsbys transcendental vision and it indicates one of the suggestions throughout the novel that gatsbys dream is deep-rooted in the american dream. however, the young gatsby is nothing.at the age of seventeen, gatsby meets dan cody on the lake superior. dan cody, a

50、fifty years old man, is very rich from his many gold and silver mines in mexico. then cody does business in montana and accumulates millions of properties. actually he is a typical playboy who brings the couth and bad habits of border brothel and hotel to the eastern coast areas. when gatsby makes a

51、cquaintance with cody, cody is squandering what he earned in his youth which goes against with gatsby dream, but gatsby admires him. under the influence of cody, gatsbys thoughts and pure dream begin to deteriorate. then gatsby goes to the service, he falls in love with wealthy daisy. daisy eventual

52、ly marries tom buchanan because of his status and money. however, the love failure does not let him frustrated and depressed. on the contrary, it stimulates his fighting spirit. he finds out what he wants to be. his ideals include money, a good job, a beautiful car, a mansion, an ideal wife and so o

53、n, among which money is the material base. as everyone knows, one can do nothing without money. then gatsbys dream has material change and at that time, he is extremely hollow and depraved. in order to make more money, gatsby connives with gangland and tries all dirty means. in a few years, he chang

54、es from riches to rags through bootlegging. then he spends the bulk of his energy acquiring wealth and appearing wealthy to prove that his dream has come true. first, gatsby changes his name when he gets rich, for he doesnt want others to know his hard experience in the past and he is afraid that pe

55、ople like tom may look down upon him. so he constructs a new identity for himself because he is uncomfortable with his actual background. then he moves into long island, east of new york which is divided in the novel by a courtesy bay into two egg-shaped islandseast egg and west egg. they are dissim

56、ilar in every particular detail except in shape and size. the bay is a line of demarcation which separates the upper class from the lower class. the very rich live in big mansions in east egg while the poor and middle class inhabit in small and shabby houses in west egg. here the places where lives

57、can show off his social status. one of the most fantastic descriptions in the novel is about his luxurious mansion which is also another way to appear wealthy. compared with the buchanans cheerful redand-white georgian colonial mansion inherited from their noble ancestors, gatsbys house is simply a

58、factual imitation of the hotel de ville in normandy. in order to show off his great fortune, gatsby builds a house by imitating the old aristocratic style. whats more, gatsbys mansion is sparking under thin beard of raw ivy. this suggests his desire of incorporating into the upper class. besides the colossal mansion, gatsby is