高中英語(yǔ)不定式知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理

1、高中英語(yǔ)不定式知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理The Infinitive一、動(dòng)詞不定式的不同形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式否定形式基本式to doto be donenot to do/ not to be done進(jìn)行式 to be doingnot to be doing完成式 to have doneto have been donenot to have dong/not to have been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been doingnot to have been doing三、動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作用1. 主語(yǔ)To be a good teacher requires patience.It is

2、 important for you to use your time wisely.It is brave of him to dive from the cliff.it 形式主語(yǔ) (1)It is +adj.+ (for sb.) to do easy/difficult/hard/right/wrong/unnecessary (2)It is/was +adj. + (of sb.) to do kind/clever/foolish/strange/polite (3) It is +名詞+ to do. a pity/an honor/ones duty/no easy job/

3、good manners 2. 賓語(yǔ)We hope to have more opportunities to talk with native speakers.They asked her how to get to the railway station.(常以不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, bother, care, choose, claim, decide, desire, expect, fail, help, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, ref

4、use, threaten, wish等)辨析不定式與動(dòng)名詞：1) 動(dòng)詞remember, forget, regret后接動(dòng)名詞表示已經(jīng)做過(guò)的動(dòng)作,不定式表示沒(méi)有做過(guò)或?qū)⒁龅膭?dòng)作. I remember seeing him yesterday. I remember having seen him before. Please remember to see him today. 2) 動(dòng)詞like, love, hate, begin, start既可用動(dòng)名詞也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ),意思基本相同，但動(dòng)名詞表經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，不定式偏向一次性動(dòng)作。 I like watching TV at h

5、ome. I like to watch TV at home tonight.3) try to do / try doing mean to do / mean doing cant help to do / cant help doing stop to do / stop doing go on to do / go on doingneed / want / require doing=to be done The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired.3. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)He told me to take care

6、 of the puppy while he was away.My boss told me to sit there.（常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, press, remind, teach, tell）4. 定語(yǔ)The building to be built is our library.We have a lot of things to do today.There are a lot of things to do.( have和th

7、ere be句型中，常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。) Please give me a pen to write with. Please give me a piece of paper to write .5. 狀語(yǔ)1) 目的狀語(yǔ): to do, so as to do, in order to doHe hid himself behind the door so that he couldnt be found by others.=He hid himself behind the door so as not to be found by others.2) 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：only, enough

8、to do, tooto do, soas (not) toSome people laugh at others, only to find themselves laughed at. She is so weak that she can not run fast. =She is so weak as not to run fast.She isnt strong enough to run fast.She is too weak to run fast. The question is easy .(answer) He is difficult .(teach)6. 表語(yǔ)To s

9、ee is to believe. He is to visit China next week. 主要的任務(wù)是保持我們的寢室干凈。The main task is to keep our dormitory clean.四、動(dòng)詞不定式的注意事項(xiàng)1. 疑問(wèn)詞不定式,作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)1）what / which to do (what / which 作do 的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，what意為“什么”，which “表示選擇”There were too many books for me to choose from and I didnt know which to choose.2）when /

10、where / how to do sth.I felt totally confused, not knowing where to go.3）whether to do sth. (不用if)Whether to follow his instruction is not for you to decide.2. 不定式的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng) 句中存在名詞或代詞可以作為不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。eg. Mrs Bird gave the dog a few bones to eat.The policeman showed me the right bus to take.如果句中不存

11、在這種主謂關(guān)系，那么不定式仍須用被動(dòng)。eg. The news reporter raised a few questions to be answered. 在“形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果不定式與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，那么不定式多用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。eg.The plane is dangerous to fly.The machine is hard to control. There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，傾向于用不定式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。eg. There is always much housework to do in the house. blame, let在此為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。He i

12、s not to blame for the mistake.(他不應(yīng)該為這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤受責(zé)備。)The house is to let. (房子待租。)2. 不定式的省略 感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不需要帶to，即我們常說(shuō)的“一覺(jué)二聽(tīng)三讓五看” :feel, listen to, hear, let, make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at. 但這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶to。I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. had bett

13、er，would rather，rather than之后省略to。Youd better not tell him the news .Rather than wait at the station, I prefer to go home by taxi. 為避免重復(fù)，不定式中主要?jiǎng)釉~可省略，只剩下to。Would you like to come with us? - Yes, Id love to.Shall I give the dog a chocolate? -Its better not to. 由 all， what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句或主語(yǔ)被only, first, one, least 或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾，且從句中含有do時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)則往往省去to。All I did was (to) press the button.What you have to do is (to) fill in the forms.The only thing I could do was (to) do it myself 。3. 和不定式有關(guān)的常用詞組和句型 be said to doHe is said to have studied abroad for many years. happen to doWe