2021屆高考英語二輪創(chuàng)新復(fù)習(xí)專題四第三節(jié)基礎(chǔ)保分二代詞和介詞學(xué)案含解析

1、基礎(chǔ)保分二代詞和介詞授課提示：對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第44頁(一)代詞代詞的考查主要集中在代詞的基本用法上，因此這類試題一般較為簡單。語法填空側(cè)重對替代詞及it的用法的考查；短文改錯(cuò)對代詞的考查主要集中在不定代詞、反身代詞、形容詞性物主代詞和代詞的格等的用法上。語法填空中的代詞考點(diǎn)高考這樣考1(2019高考北京卷)nervously facing challenges，i know i will whisper to _(i)the two simple words “be yourself”2(2018高考全國卷)when the gorillas and i frightened each othe

2、r，i was just glad to find _(they)alive.3(2017高考全國卷)however，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using _ every day.4(2017高考浙江卷11月)another nice thing is that you learn both new words and _(they)use unconsciously，meaning that you will tend

3、to use the words learned/learnt this way in conversations almost automatically. 題目這么解1如何確定填代詞：當(dāng)句中缺少主語或賓語且無提示詞時(shí)，一般要填代詞，主要包括人稱代詞、替代詞、不定代詞以及it(如t3)。2填什么代詞：(1)根據(jù)所指對象確定代詞；(2)根據(jù)所作成分考慮代詞的格(如t1，t2，t4)；(3)牢記固定搭配；(4)熟記it的用法。自我診斷：1.myself2.them3.it4.their類題對點(diǎn)練1perhaps this realization had never shown itself_(i

4、t)before，because i had never been brave enough to uncover it.2hong kong students can apply to mainland universities via college entrance exams specially designed for them(they)by the ministry of education.3it is found that nearly 10，000 lives can be saved every year only by wearing a seat belt.4to h

5、er joy，ella first earned the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues.短文改錯(cuò)中的代詞考點(diǎn)高考這樣考1(2020高考全國卷)best of luck with yours learning kung fu in china._2(2019高考全國卷)in the cafe，customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them._3(2018高考全國卷)i had done myse

6、lf homework，but i was shy._題目這么解1代詞前后要一致(1)看到代詞，思考它與指代內(nèi)容是否一致(如t2)；(2)看到代詞，思考它的數(shù)、格是否正確(如t1)；(3)看到不定代詞，思考它的含義、特點(diǎn)、作用及與其相近不定代詞的區(qū)別；(4)易受漢語影響，各類代詞的多余與缺失；(5)判斷該用否定還是肯定意義，還應(yīng)注意是否是部分否定現(xiàn)象。2分辨句子成分：修飾名詞常用形容詞性物主代詞；單獨(dú)使用常用名詞性物主代詞；賓語用代詞的賓格；注意反身代詞(如t2，t3)。自我診斷：1.yoursyou/your2.yourselvesthemselves3.myselfmy/the類題對點(diǎn)練1

7、i would appreciate if you could write me back and give me some advice.答案：i would appreciate if you could write me back and give me some advice.2this brief visit helped myself learn much about the history of humans space exploration.答案：this brief visit helped learn much about the history of humans sp

8、ace exploration.3as is known to us that knowledge starts with practice.答案： is known to us that knowledge starts with practice.代詞考點(diǎn)的核心知識提煉一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞1人稱代詞第三人稱主格與賓格常指代前文出現(xiàn)的人或物。2形容詞性物主代詞在句中作定語，表所屬關(guān)系；而名詞性物主代詞在句中可以作主語、賓語和表語，但不可以作定語。3反身代詞表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可以在句中作賓語、表語和同位語。二、替代詞that，those，one，ones1that可

9、以指代前面出現(xiàn)過的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為those。the price of rice is higher than that of flour.(that指帶price)2one指代前面出現(xiàn)過的那類事物中的“一個(gè)”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。三、不定代詞的用法1both表示“兩者都”；either表示 “兩者中任何一個(gè)”；neither表示 “兩者都不”。它們都可作主語、賓語和定語。2all和none都強(qiáng)調(diào)三者或三者以上，all表示“全部都”，而none表示“全部都不”。3another表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一個(gè)，再一個(gè)”；the other意為“(兩者中的)另一個(gè)”；o

10、ther意為“其余的，另外的”；others泛指其余的人或物。there are two pens here.one is his，and the other is toms.some like staying at home at the weekend；others like going to the cinema.四、it的用法1it可作形式主語或形式賓語，用來指代不定式、動(dòng)詞ing形式或從句，而把真正的主語或賓語后置。2表示“喜歡，恨”等心理方面的動(dòng)詞后面跟從句時(shí)，要先接it，再接從句，這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ike，love，hate，dislike，appreciate等。3it常用于一些固定

11、搭配中，如it is no wonder that“難怪”；make it“成功；趕上”；when it comes to.“當(dāng)提到”等。(二)介詞高考對介詞的考查主要集中在介詞的基本用法及介詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的固定短語的用法上。語法填空題對介詞的考查形式為純空格，即沒有提示詞，這對考生正確理解句意提出了較高的要求。短文改錯(cuò)題對介詞的考查主要涉及介詞的多余、缺失或誤用，其中固定搭配中介詞的誤用是考查的重點(diǎn)。語法填空中的介詞考點(diǎn)高考這樣考1(2020高考全國卷)the artist was finally humbled(謙卑)by the greatest artist _ earth，mothe

12、r nature.2(2019高考全國卷)modern methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s.3(2017高考全國卷)after school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _engineering or architecture.4(2016高考全國卷)but my connection with pandas g

13、oes back _ my days on a tv show in the mid1980s.題目這么解1如何確定填介詞：如果名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，其前面一般是填介詞；2填什么介詞：(1)根據(jù)介詞與名詞的搭配(如t1，t2，t3)；根據(jù)介詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配(如t4)；根據(jù)介詞與形容詞的搭配；根據(jù)介詞的常規(guī)用法。(2)工具不同，介詞各異：in材料；with具體的工具；by交通工具。自我診斷：1.on2.for/of3.in4.to 類題對點(diǎn)練1the hill looks quite beautiful against the blue sky.2i must read

14、 through the magazine tonight so that i can return it to the library tomorrow morning.3the whole problem was quite beyond him，so he decided to turn to someone else.4unfortunately，he missed the train by five minutes.短文改錯(cuò)中的介詞考點(diǎn)高考這樣考1(2020高考全國卷)then i can spare some time to learn it again，so that we ca

15、n practice together on every day._2(2019高考全國卷)when i studied chemistry high school，i reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor._3(2018高考全國卷)they also had a small pond which they raised fish._4(2018高考全國卷)they would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.still i was unwilling to p

16、lay the games for them sometimes._題目這么解1看到介詞，思考與名詞(如t2，t3)、動(dòng)詞(如t4)、形容詞搭配是否正確；副詞前一般不加介詞(如t1)；2留意特殊詞，如attitude后加to；leave.for.；from.to.；answer/key/solution/approach后加介詞to等。自我診斷：1.去掉on2.high前加at/in3which前加in4.for with類題對點(diǎn)練1(2018高考全國卷)at the end of our trip，i told my father that i planned to return for e

17、very two years，and he agreed.答案：at the end of our trip，i told my father that i planned to return every two years，and he agreed.2a famous opera will be performed at the sichuan opera house at 2 pm.in may day.答案：a famous opera will be performed at the sichuan opera house at 2 pm. may day.3for doing ph

18、ysical exercise，im becoming stronger and more confident than before.答案： doing physical exercise，im becoming stronger and more confident than before.介詞考點(diǎn)的核心知識提煉一、表時(shí)間的介詞1in表示在某段較長的時(shí)間內(nèi)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等；2on表示在具體的日子或具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等；3at表示某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等；4by指“到時(shí)(為止)”；5until/till指“直到為止”；6during指“在期間”。二、其他?？冀樵~1with(表示

19、狀態(tài))具有，帶有；(表示伴隨)隨著；(表示原因)由于，因?yàn)椋?表示關(guān)系)和一起；構(gòu)成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)the small child trembled with fear.would you like to go to the theater with us?2against(表示態(tài)度)反對；(表示對比)以為背景；(表示方位)倚靠著im against what he said.3of 表示“的”；“be ofn.”相當(dāng)于形容詞4for “for時(shí)間段”表示“長達(dá)”5beyond超出，超越6without沒有三、介詞的搭配1名詞與介詞搭配by accident/chance 偶然/碰巧on av

20、erage平均in charge掌管，主管in particular特別，尤其，詳細(xì)地in favo(u)r of贊成，支持in vain徒勞in memory of為紀(jì)念in spite of 盡管，雖然in return作為回報(bào)in order按順序，處于良好狀態(tài)in hono(u)r of為了紀(jì)念，對表示敬意2動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事care about關(guān)心rob sb.of sth.搶劫某人某物get rid of免除，擺脫run out of用完adapt to適應(yīng)refer to涉及，查閱wait for等待pick up撿起，用車接(某人)，接

21、收，偶然習(xí)得3形容詞與介詞搭配be curious about對好奇be anxious about 為憂慮be absent from缺席be present at出席be proud of因而自豪be free from免于be popular with受到的歡迎授課提示：對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第47頁.單句語法填空1on/upon seeing his mother，the little boy flew to her and hugged her.2in the 1980s，he was on the times newspaper.3to his sorrow，he didnt pass th

22、e english exam.4yang luoshuo，a 92yearold man from weifang city，shandong province，is among those who have had a great love of the arts.5a metaanalysis of hundreds of studies concluded that the device was “possibly or probably effective” as_a treatment for depression.6we have various summer camps for

23、your holiday，so you can choose one based on your own interests.7in some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in others，knives and forks.8it is said that when greek hero odysseus eventually returned home after 20 years away at war，only his dog argos recognized him，who was overjoyed to see its(i

24、t)owner again after so many years.9she encourages others to make their own choices，and to respect hers(she)，too.10churchill suffered a severe hurt.but he amused himself(he)，writing that he couldnt understand why he was not broken like an eggshell.單句改錯(cuò)1he hopes to create an environment for his studen

25、ts that it is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in.答案：he hopes to create an environment for his students that is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in.2once you have found such true friends，do treasure him.答案：once you have found such true friends，do treasure .3located in

26、 jiaxing，zhejiang province，wuzhen has a history of about 6，000 years.like many small towns in the southern area，which has a lot of small bridges going over clean streams.答案：located in jiaxing，zhejiang province，wuzhen has a history of about 6，000 years.like many small towns in the southern area， has

27、a lot of small bridges going over clean streams.4some students may get access for some unhealthy websites，which does harm to their development.答案：some students may get access some unhealthy websites，which does harm to their development.5more interestingly，i tried operating on some aircraft by myself

28、.during the visit，i took lots of pictures as well.答案：more interestingly，i tried operating some aircraft by myself.during the visit，i took lots of pictures as well.語法填空(2020太原一模)today，many people are worried about endangered species.but isnt it just normal for some animals to die out?the situation to

29、day is different from 1._ of the past.in the past，animals died out over a long period of time.when animals died out in the past，it was usually because of the weather or other 2._(nature)causes.what is happening today is 3._(total)different.we are killing millions of species in a short time.the resul

30、t is that we are killing our future，because so many species 4._(kill)in such a short time that even 5._fittest cant survive.in fact，there wont be enough species to choose from.without enough animals and plants，evolution cannot function and nature will get 6._(bad)instead of getting better.many of th

31、e species 7._(disappear)on earth are unknown and few people even know that they are dying out.these animals and plants started to live on earth long 8._ us and we have no right to kill them.we may also need these species in the future.we must try to keep the endangered species alive.if we allow thes

32、e species 9._(die)out，we are in fact becoming endangered 10._(our)語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。如今，很多物種在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)就被殺害，這與過去的情形完全不同。很多物種對自然和人類都至關(guān)重要，我們不能任由它們滅絕。1解析：考查代詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作介詞from的賓語，該句表示“如今的情形和過去的不同”，空處指代該句中的the situation，故用that。答案：that2解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞修飾名詞，空處修飾名詞causes，故用所給詞的形容詞形式。該句意為：在過去，動(dòng)物滅絕通常是因?yàn)樘鞖饣蚱渌匀辉?。答案：nat

33、ural3解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾形容詞，空處修飾形容詞different，故用所給詞的副詞形式。答案：totally4解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。該從句的主語是so many species，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，和動(dòng)詞kill是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，又結(jié)合語境可知，此處敘述的為客觀存在的情況或此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，表示“如此多的物種(正在)被殺死”。故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填are(being)killed。答案：are(being)killed5解析：考查冠詞。形容詞的最高級形式前面用定冠詞the。根據(jù)空后的形容詞的最高級形式fittest可知，該

34、處應(yīng)用定冠詞the。該句意為：結(jié)果是我們正在扼殺我們的未來，因?yàn)槿绱硕嗟奈锓N在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)(正在)被殺死，即使是最健康的物種也無法生存。答案：the6解析：考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)該句中的比較級形式better并結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示沒有足夠的動(dòng)物和植物，進(jìn)化就無法進(jìn)行，大自然會(huì)變得更糟而不是更好。故填worse，表示“更糟”。答案：worse7解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為分詞短語作定語，修飾前面的名詞species，又該名詞和動(dòng)詞disappear之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用所給詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。答案：disappearing8解析：考查介詞。根據(jù)該句中的“we have

35、 no right to kill them”和語境可知，這些動(dòng)植物要比人類早很久就開始在地球上生活。故填before“在以前”。答案：before9解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。allow sb./sth.to do sth.為固定用法，表示“允許某人/某物做某事”。答案：to die10解析：考查反身代詞。根據(jù)該句主語we并結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示如果我們?nèi)斡蛇@些物種滅絕，我們自己實(shí)際上也正瀕臨滅絕。故用反身代詞ourselves。答案：ourselves.短文改錯(cuò)(2020武漢學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量檢測)wang kai lived next to granny liu，which depended on the ambulance t