1819 Unit 15 Learning Section ⅡLanguage Points Ⅰ Warm­upLesson 1

1、Section Language Points () (Warm­up & Lesson 1)語 言 基 礎(chǔ) 自 測高頻詞匯必會.單詞拼寫根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞1He let go without warning me and I fell backwards(向后)2The correction(改正) of all my mistakes took nearly an hour.3I can distinguish(辨別) my roommates by their footsteps.4What do you think of the old saying(

2、諺語): “Spare the rod，spoil the child.”？5He couldn't swallow because of a sore throat(喉嚨)6Try to simplify your explanation for the children.7Who'll instruct them to do the experiment?8How much is the postage for an airmail letter to Canada?9Make the windows secure before leaving the house.10Wh

3、at made you suspect her of having taken the money?.拓展詞匯根據(jù)詞性或漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1correct vt. 改正，糾正correction n改正，改進(jìn)2simple adj. 簡單的 simplify vt. 簡化3suspect v懷疑suspicion n. 猜疑；懷疑suspicious adj. 可疑的；多疑的4instruct v. 指導(dǎo)，教導(dǎo)instruction n. 指令；教學(xué)；說明instructor n. 教師；指導(dǎo)書5secure adj. 穩(wěn)定的；無憂無慮的security n. 安全；保證；證券6chief

4、 adj. 主要的 chiefly adv. 主要地7frank adj. 坦率的，真誠的frankly adv. 坦率地，真誠地.補全短語根據(jù)提示補全下列短語1be about to即將做，就要做2get promoted 得到提拔3dream of 夢想，夢見4set up 建立，成立5in person 親自6switch off 關(guān)上7break out (戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疫病等)突然爆發(fā)8lay off 裁員；解雇.選詞填空用上述短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1When did your factory lay off you from your job?2They set up a tent ne

5、ar the seashore.3The winner will be there in person to collect the prize.4He got promoted soon after he entered the company.5Many people dream of having a house of their own.6Be sure to switch off the light when you leave the office.尋規(guī)律、巧記憶adj.­tyn.v.out動詞短語activity 活動majority 多數(shù)safety 安全pick o

6、ut 挑選；辨認(rèn)work out 算出；鍛煉bring out 使顯現(xiàn)；弄明白經(jīng)典句式必背背教材原句記句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫促落實1.It's never too late to learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)英語對玲玲來講太難了。English is too difficult for Ling Ling to learn.2.I felt as if I had done something wrong! 我感覺自己似乎做錯了什么！as if從句看起來一會兒就要下雨了。It looks as if it will rain before long.3.I decided th

7、at it was time I became an Internet user.我覺得是成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的時候了。it is/was time.你該拿主意了。It is high time you made up your mind.4.In the past，if I'd wanted to see them，I would have had to visit them in person.過去，如果我想看他們，就不得不親自去他們那里。if條件句中的虛擬語氣如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，他會對你很熟悉。If he studied at this school，he would know

8、you well.核 心 要 點 探 究全析重點詞匯 qualification n. 資格，資歷(教材P36)Because of my new qualification，I'm getting promoted at work.因為我擁有的新資質(zhì)，我在工作上得以晉升。歸納拓展qualify v使具備資格be qualified to do sth. 有資格做某事be qualified for 具備資格的；適合擔(dān)任的He has no qualification for this job.他沒有資格從事這項工作。He knew he was not qualified(quali

9、fy) to be a teacher.他知道他沒有資格當(dāng)老師。 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：23822030】Strictly speaking，he's not qualified for the job.嚴(yán)格說來，他沒有資格做這份工作。 secure adj.穩(wěn)定的，無憂無慮的vt.使安全；保衛(wèi)(教材P36)I decided to give myself a second chance by studying for a degree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a secure full­time job.我決定再給自己

10、一次機會，在保持一份穩(wěn)定的全職工作的同時，利用晚上和周末的時間學(xué)習(xí)以取得學(xué)位。歸納拓展(1)be secure against/from沒有的危險be secure of 對有把握；確信fell/be secure about/as to 對覺得放心(2)secure(sth.)against/from 使(某物)免遭Now my house is secure against burglary.現(xiàn)在我的房子無被盜竊的危險。I feel secure about my future.我對未來感到放心。Some measures are needed to secure the farmland

11、 against shifting(shift) sand.需要采取一些措施使農(nóng)田免遭流沙的侵襲。 lay off 裁員；解雇(教材P36)Three months ago，when my manager told me that I would be laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.三個月前，當(dāng)我的經(jīng)理告訴我，我將要下崗了，我的腦子木了，心中充滿憤怒。歸納拓展lay sb. out打昏(某人)lay sth. aside 把放在一邊；儲存lay sth. down (開始)建造某物；停止使用某事物，放棄某

12、事物；制定規(guī)則、原則等lay up 貯存；自討苦吃；(因病)臥床The boxer was laid out in the fifth round.那個拳擊手在第五回合中被擊昏在地。I've laid up with flu for a week.我患流感已在家休息一個星期了。She managed to lay aside a few pounds each week from her wages.她設(shè)法每周從薪水中存幾個英鎊。名師點津注意下面幾個動詞的詞形、詞性及意義的區(qū)別：lie(vi.)liedlied撒謊lie(vi.)laylain躺；位于lay(vt.)laidlaid放

13、；擱；下蛋，產(chǎn)卵 suspect v懷疑；不信任；猜想n可疑分子，嫌疑犯(教材P36)I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well.我懷疑他們解雇我是因為公司做的不是那么好歸納拓展suspect sb. of (doing) sth.懷疑某人做了某事suspect sb. to be. 疑心某人是suspect that. 疑心Some people suspected him of theft.有些人懷疑他偷竊。The police suspected him of taking(tak

14、e) part in the jewel robbery.警察懷疑他參與了珠寶盜竊案。The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.醫(yī)生懷疑他得了流感。 instruct v. 教導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)(教材P36)I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email.我讓我孫子教我如何發(fā)郵件歸納拓展(1) instruct sb. in sth.教導(dǎo)某人某事instruct sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事instruct that/wh­從句 命令instruction in sth. 教授/

15、傳授某事(2) instruction n. 指導(dǎo)；指示；用法說明follow the instructions 按照說明on sb.'s instructions 按照某人的吩咐under (sb.'s) instructions 在(某人的)教導(dǎo)下Has anyone instructed you how to use the computer?有人教過你如何使用電腦嗎？The captain instructed the soldiers to retreat(retreat)上尉命令士兵們撤退。 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：23822031】Greater effort is neede

16、d to instruct children in road safety.教導(dǎo)孩子道路安全的知識需要付出更多的努力。This group of trainees is still under instruction(instruct)這群受訓(xùn)者還在接受指導(dǎo)。 bury vt .埋葬；隱藏；專心致志(教材P36)So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything you've ever learnt.很多人認(rèn)為退休后你能做的所有的事就

17、是關(guān)閉大腦，埋葬你曾經(jīng)所學(xué)過的所有的東西。歸納拓展be buried alive被活埋be buried in thought 沉思bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手捂住頭/臉bury oneself in one's work/studies 埋頭工作/學(xué)習(xí)He buried his face in his hands.他雙手掩面。He buried himself(him) in his work.他埋頭工作。Buried(bury) in his study，he didn't know that all the

18、others had left.他埋頭學(xué)習(xí)，不知道其他人都早已離開了。突破重點句式 (教材P36)It's never too late to learn活到老，學(xué)到老?！疽c提煉】 too.to.中的too前面如果用了否定詞(如never)，則該句表示肯定意義。歸納拓展too.to.中的too前如有far等詞修飾，則這些詞表示強調(diào)。too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)意為“太而不能”，表示否定含義。too.to.句式中，too后接形容詞ready(現(xiàn)成的)，incline(偏于的)，apt(易于)，eager(急切的)，anxious(著急的)等詞時，無否定的意思。only too.to.也表示肯定，

19、其中，too后的形容詞多為表示某種心情的，如：glad，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted等；也有描繪性的形容詞，如：good，kind，true等。He is too young to dress himself.他太小了，不會自己穿衣服。He was far too busy to think of giving up.他太忙，沒有時間想到放棄。She is not too clever to go(go) with him.她很機靈，沒有跟他一起走。He is too ready to talk(talk)他愛說話。The film is only to

20、o good to see(see)這部電影很好，值得一看。 (教材P36)I felt as if I had done something wrong!我感覺自己似乎做錯了什么！【要點提煉】as if/though引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。as if意為“似乎，好像”，可以位于系動詞look，seem，feel，sound，smell等后引導(dǎo)表語從句，以及act，treat等之后引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。歸納拓展(1)as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句所表示的情況是事實或具有很大可能性時，通常用陳述語氣。常與look，seem，taste，smell，sound等詞連用。(2)as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句所表示

21、的情況不是事實，而是主觀的想象或夸大的比喻，通常用虛擬語氣，其形式如下：如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時。如果從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had過去分詞”。如果從句表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“would/could/might動詞原形”。It seems as if the boy has lost his way.好像這個男孩迷路了。He is a happy and lucky man as if he has no worries and cares in the world.他是個無憂無慮的人，好像世上沒有什么讓他煩惱和發(fā)愁的事。He walks as if

22、 he were(be) drunk.他走起路來像是喝醉了似的。 (教材P36)I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.我覺得是成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的時候了?！疽c提煉】 It's time that結(jié)構(gòu)用于表示“是該的時候了”。that后面的句子應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用“should動詞原形”或用一般過去時。歸納拓展“是該做某事的時候了”的幾種表達(dá)方式：It is time for sth.It is time to do sth.It is time (for sb.)to do sth.It is time for d

23、oing sth.It is time (that) sb. should do sth.It is time for us to do(do) our homework.我們該做作業(yè)了。It's high time that the article were published(publish)發(fā)表這篇文章是適時的。It's time you should do(do) cleaning.你該去打掃衛(wèi)生了。解構(gòu)長句難句1I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I rea

24、lly enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.【分析】本句是由and連接的并列句。第一個分句中，how to email and use the Internet是“疑問詞不定式”作介詞on的賓語；第二個分句中at which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞the speed；定語從句中的謂語get sent and answered是get done結(jié)構(gòu)。【翻譯】我讓我的孫子教我如何發(fā)電子郵件和使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，我真的很喜歡我的信息被發(fā)送被回答。2So many people think that after you reti

25、re，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything you've ever learnt.【分析】本句是二個主從復(fù)合句。So many people think.是主句；that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，作think的賓語；after you retire是狀語從句；you can do是省略that的定語從句，修飾先行詞all；you've ever learnt是省略that的定語從句，修飾先行詞everything。【翻譯】很多人認(rèn)為退休后你能做的就是關(guān)閉大腦，埋葬你曾經(jīng)所學(xué)過的所有的東西。隨 堂 效 果

26、落 實.單句語法填空1Jack has obtained a qualification(qualify)2Sometimes the police are not absolutely sure that someone has committed a crime，but suspect him of having done it.3He was buried(bury) in watching TV.4A computer can only do what you have instructed (instruct) it to do.5My car has broken down. Wo

27、uld you help me to get it started (start)?6Comrade Lei Feng was too ready to help(help) others.7The trees can secure the crops against/from sand.8The workforce was laid off because they didn't grasp the advanced technology.9Don't handle the vase as if it were(be) made of steel.10It is time t

28、hat he should come/came(come) to our house for dinner.單句改錯1What made you suspect her of have taken the money？have改為having2He buried him in his work from morning till night to redeem the lost time.him改為himself3She has all the right qualification to be a good teacher.qualification改為qualifications4It i

29、s high time that the headmaster make up his mind.make改為made或make前面加should5He looks as though he haven't had a decent meal for a month.haven't改為hadn't.完成句子1當(dāng)鉛筆一部分放進(jìn)水里，看起來好像折斷了似的。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it were broken. 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：23822032】2能幫助您，我真是太高興了。I am onl

30、y too glad to be able to help you3是該干正事的時候了。It's high time that we should get down to business4這個年輕人不擔(dān)心自己的前途。The young man is secure about/of his future5他們首先得為這項工程制訂一個計劃。First they had to lay down a plan for the project語 法 專 項 突 破虛擬語氣()自主領(lǐng)悟 先觀察原句后自主感悟I decided that it was time I became an Intern

31、et user.In the past，if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years，they would have stayed there until retirement！I felt as if I had done something wrong！自我總結(jié)1.在“it is/was time(that) .”結(jié)構(gòu)中that引導(dǎo)的句子用虛擬語氣，即用一般過去時或should動詞原形，但should不可省略。2.在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，如果與過去事實相反，從句謂語用過去完成式(had done)，主句謂語用Would/sho

32、uld/could/mighthave done。3.在as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中，如果所表示的情況不是事實，通常用虛擬語氣，如果從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had過去分詞”。精要點撥一、虛擬語氣的使用范圍及判斷1虛擬語氣表示一種假設(shè)。它主要用于由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，也可用于主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句中。2if條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的判斷。虛擬語氣的假設(shè)，通常有三種情況：與過去事實相反，與現(xiàn)在事實相反，與將來事實可能相反。3后退一步法。后退一步法指在準(zhǔn)確地判斷了該句與哪一事實相反后，按虛擬語氣的后退一步法處理從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)，即在非真實條件狀語從句中，謂語動詞按正常情況“

33、后退一步”。也就是：與過去事實相反，在從句中用過去完成時形式表示；與現(xiàn)在事實相反，在從句中用一般過去時形式表示；與將來事實可能相反，在從句中用過去將來時形式表示。主句中則用would，should，could等情態(tài)動詞加動詞形式。If I had come here yesterday，I would have seen him.如果我昨天來這兒，我就能見到他了。If I were a teacher，I would be strict with my students.如果我是老師，我將會嚴(yán)格要求學(xué)生。If it should snow tomorrow，they couldn't

34、go out.如果明天下雪，他們就不能外出了。4在現(xiàn)代英語中，if條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞如果是be，其過去式一般用were。二、虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)If主語動詞的過去式(be動詞用were)主語should/would/could/might動詞原形與過去事實相反的假設(shè)If主語had過去分詞主語should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞與將來事實可能相反的假設(shè)If主語動詞過去式主語should/would/could/might動詞原形If主語were to動詞原形If主語should動詞原形If you had taken

35、my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.假如你聽了我的建議的話，你就不會考試不及格了。(實際上沒考好)If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.假如你明天來的話，我們就開會。If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，運動會就推遲。If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.假如

36、他明天不來，我們將會議推遲到下周一。即時演練11If Mr. Dewey had been(be) present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.2We would be(be) back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.3I should not have laughed if I could have thought(think) you were serious.三、使用虛擬條件句時要注意以下幾點1當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和

37、主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時(被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”)，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.假如你以前努力學(xué)習(xí)，你現(xiàn)在就是一位大學(xué)生了。2在條件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。If I were at school again，I would study harder.Were I at school again，I would study harder.如果再次回到學(xué)校的話，我會更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。If you

38、 had come earlier，you would have caught the bus.Had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果早點來的話，你肯定趕上了公交車。If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不去爬山。注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞為否定，不能用動詞的縮略形式。如：Were it not for the expense，I wo

39、uld go abroad now.如果不是費用問題，我現(xiàn)在就出國了。但不能說：Weren't it for the expense，I would go abroad now.3用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的介詞有with，without，but for。What would you do with a million dollars？(if you had a million dollars)假如有一百萬的話，你會做什么？We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(if we h

40、adn't got your help)Without your help，we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.(But for your help，.If it had not been for your help，.Had it not been for your help，.)如果沒有你的幫助，我們是不能提前完成工作的。4含蓄條件句。有時為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句。I was ill that day. Otherwise，I would have ta

41、ken part in the sports meeting.(副詞)那天我病了。要不然我就參加運動會了。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it.(連詞)是他打電話告訴我你的生日的，否則我什么都不知道。A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定語從句)一個人7天左右不喝水就會死。I might have given you more help，but I was too bu

42、sy.(連詞)我本可以給你更多幫助的，但我太忙了。即時演練24Without your help the old man would not live(not live) now.5We took a taxi to the lecture hall. Otherwise we would have been(be) late for the meeting.6If he had followed(follow) the doctor's advice，he would recover already.應(yīng)用落實.單句語法填空1If you had tried harder，you could/would have passed(pass) y