高中英語人教必修一 Unit 課文內(nèi)容

1、必修一 Unit4 課文內(nèi)容1. You have time to take only one thing.time后接不定式短語to take only one thing作定語。 動詞不定式作后置定語動詞不定式可以做后置定語，修飾前面的名詞或代詞，一般強(qiáng)調(diào)動作將要發(fā)生。Have you got anything to send?I have nothing to say. 不定式與所修飾詞間的關(guān)系可有一下4種： 主謂關(guān)系被修飾的名詞或代詞實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯主語。如：We need someone to help with the work. （someone will help with

2、 the work） 動賓關(guān)系被修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語。如：I have many letters to write. （to write many letters） 同位關(guān)系不定式與所修飾的名詞指的是一回事。如：We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 狀語關(guān)系被修飾的名詞實(shí)際上表示動詞不定式動作的方式、時間等。這些名詞多是抽象名詞。如：That's the way to do it. 那樣做才對。I have no time to go there. 我沒有時間去那兒。 作定語的不定式如果含有不及物動詞，且不定式所修飾的

3、名詞或代詞表示地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后需要有相應(yīng)的介詞，但當(dāng)不定時所修飾的名詞是time, place或way時，不定式后的介詞通常省去。Please give me a knife to cut with.Mary had no money and no place to live. 辨析：動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞做定語 動名詞作定語時，和它所修飾的名詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，只表示被修飾名詞的一般用途,必須位于名詞之前。如:   There is a swimming pool in our sch

4、ool.   現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示所修飾名詞的特征，一般強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在發(fā)生。如:   Listen to the singing bird.    Who is the boy running towards us。練習(xí)： Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ away. A. to stay B.

5、 staying C. stayed D. stay The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 2. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. too. to.結(jié)構(gòu)該句型在多數(shù)情況下表示否定意義，通常為“太而不能，太而無法”。該結(jié)構(gòu)用法說明如下： too為副詞，修飾形容詞或其他副詞。to為不定式符號

6、，其后接動詞原形。The hat is too large to wear.He walks too slowly to get there on time. 不定式作結(jié)果狀語，常用主動形式，其邏輯主語有時是句子的主語，有時不是，若不是，不定式的邏輯主語通常由for引出。The book is too difficult for us to read.She was too short to reach the apples on the table. 該句型可以與“so .that.”，“not .enough to.”句型轉(zhuǎn)換。She is too short to reach the b

7、ook on the shelf.= She is not tall enough to reach the book on the shelf.= She is so short that she cant reach the book on the shelf. too. to.有時也可以表示肯定的意義：too后跟ready, eager, willing, pleased, glad等表示心情或傾向性的形容詞時too前有only, all等副詞對其進(jìn)行修飾時 He is too eager to know the result of the examination. I am only

8、too glad to accept your invitation. can/could not. too/enough結(jié)構(gòu)常出現(xiàn)在情景對話中，表示“再怎樣也不未過，無論怎么也不夠”。 You cannot be too careful when crossing the road. I cannot thank you enough. 練習(xí)： 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換： The boy is too young to join the army. = It is too cold for the students to play on the playground. = The teachers que

9、stion was too difficult that the students couldnt answer it. = Must I turn off the lights after work? Of course. You can never be _ careful to do that. A. enough B. too C. so D. very3. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 此句為簡單句，該句中的looking for places to hide作ran的伴隨狀語，狀語中動作look for

10、與句子的謂語ran表示的動作同時發(fā)生。 現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，所表示的動作和謂語動詞所表示的動作是同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生的?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，是對謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)的補(bǔ)充說明。現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語的具體用法如下： 現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語時其邏輯主語為句子的主語，且現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作是伴隨著句子的謂語動詞表示的動作而發(fā)生或存在的，是主語的另一個、較次要的動作。 現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，可位于句首或句末。 現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語時沒有相應(yīng)的狀語從句可以與之相互轉(zhuǎn)換，但可以轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的并列句。He sat at the table reading Ch

11、ina Daily.She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. (= She came into the house, and carried a lot of books.)He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. (= He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.)練習(xí)：用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 The sunlight is white and blinding, _ (throw) s

12、hadows on the ground. Do you wake up every morning _ (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day?4. It seemed as if the world was at an end!本句為主從復(fù)合句，其中as if引導(dǎo)的表語從句，該從句用了陳述語氣。 as if引導(dǎo)從句的用法as if意為“似乎，好像”，可以引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句與表語從句。其意義和用法與as though相同。 引導(dǎo)表語從句，常置于系動詞look, seem, sound等之后。She looks as though/if she

13、 were ten years younger. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，用來修飾主句的謂語。The child talks to us as though/if he were a grown-up. as though/if引導(dǎo)的從句有時用省略形式，as though/if后面可接形容詞、副詞、不定式、名詞、分詞、或介詞短語等。He acted as though/if (he were) a fool.Tom raised his hand as though/if (he were going) to say something. as though/if從句的語氣： 如果從句所表示的情況有

14、明顯的依據(jù)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大，那么從句就用陳述語氣； 如果從句所表示的情況沒有依據(jù)，只是表達(dá)一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測，那么就用虛擬語氣，用法如下：“as if/though + 從句”表示虛擬的情況虛擬情況從句時態(tài)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時態(tài)與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成時態(tài)與將來事實(shí)相反Should/would/might/could + 動詞原形You treat them as if/though they were your parents.He kept working as though/if nothing had happened.It looks as though/if it is

15、 going to snow.練習(xí)：用括號內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 Eliza remembers everything as if it _ (happen) yesterday. He talked about the book as though he _ (read) it. In fact, he didnt read it. The sky looks so dark that it looks as though it _.5. One-third of the nation felt it. All of the citys hospitals, 75% of its factori

16、es and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. “分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞”作主語時的主謂一致問題“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of +名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由of后面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來決定。About one third of the books are worth reading.Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.About 20 percent of the students are absent today. “ some of, plenty of, a lot of,

17、most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of, the majority of. + 名詞” 作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由of后接的名詞決定。The rest of the money belongs to you.The rest of the students are praised.A lot of students are waiting impatiently outside.A lot of money has been wasted for no reason. 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法：分子在前，分母在后；分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子是2

18、或大于2時，分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。one fourth three fifths two thirds two and three fifths 百分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法：百分?jǐn)?shù)是有基數(shù)詞和百分號或percent構(gòu)成的thirty-five percent 練習(xí)： One-third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.A, is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is The factory used 65 percent of the ra

19、w materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were6. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.本句是and連接的并列句，many children were left without parents是left many children without parents的被動形式。without parents為介賓短語，在句中充當(dāng)主語補(bǔ)足語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)

20、。 “l(fā)eave + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)在該結(jié)構(gòu)中l(wèi)eave表示“使處于狀態(tài)”，其后通常接復(fù)合賓語，其中賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介賓短語等充當(dāng)。其常見結(jié)構(gòu)如下： leave + 賓語 + 形容詞/副詞/介詞短語Dons leave the door open.He hurried home, leaving his keys in the office. leave + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞，表示使某人或某物一直做某事。其中賓語與構(gòu)成賓補(bǔ)的動詞之間形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Dont leave me waiting outside too long. leave + 賓語 + 過去分

21、詞，表示賓語所處的狀態(tài)或動作已經(jīng)完成。其中賓語與構(gòu)成賓補(bǔ)的動詞之間形成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。The bad weather left the project half finished. leave + 賓語 + 名詞His parents died, leaving him an orphan.練習(xí)：用leave的相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子。 工作不要半途而廢。Dont _. 他直接上床睡覺了，沒有關(guān)電視。He went to bed straight, _.7. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as stron

22、g as the first one shook Tangshan.本句為主從復(fù)合句，定語從句which was almost as strong as the first one修飾先行詞another big quake。本句中的as strong as屬于“as. as”結(jié)構(gòu)。 “as.as”結(jié)構(gòu) as. as結(jié)構(gòu)表示同級比較，意為“和一樣”，其中第一個as是副詞，第二個as是連詞。 as. as結(jié)構(gòu)可用于肯定句或否定句中，該結(jié)構(gòu)用于否定句時可與“so. as”結(jié)構(gòu)互換。 as. as結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種形式： as + adj./adv. (原級) + as as + adj. + a/an +

23、 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as as many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + as as much + 不可數(shù)名詞 +as He doesnt play the piano so/as well as his elder sister.His bedroom is as neat as his elder sisters.He is as honest a man as you.Youve made as many mistakes as I have.I can carry as much paper as you can. as (so). as結(jié)構(gòu)有時可采用省略形式，即保留as (so).，把后面的a

24、s以及其后的成分一同省略。The piano in that shop will be cheaper, but not as/so good (as the pianos in this shop). as. as結(jié)構(gòu)若有表示倍數(shù)的修飾詞twice, half等，需要把修飾的詞置于第一個as前面 “倍數(shù)表達(dá)法”，用法如下：A + 謂語動詞 + 倍數(shù) + as + adj./adv. + as + B The tree is twice as tall as the house. He runs three times as fast as her. 他跑步是她的3倍快。 練習(xí)： This r

25、estaurant wasnt _ that other restaurant we went to. A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as half D. good as half as Exercise is _ as any other to lose weight. A. so useful a way B. as a useful way C. as useful a way D. such a useful way 用as. as結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子 第一課與第二課一樣容易。 _ Jack與Kate一樣努力學(xué)習(xí)。 _ 我很少

26、看到媽媽像現(xiàn)在這樣對我的進(jìn)步這么滿意。 _8. All hope was not lost. 部分否定表示部分否定時，用否定副詞not與表示整體或全部意義的詞every, everyone, everybody, everything, both, all連用，意為“并不都是；不全是”。Not both of his sisters agree to his suggestion.It is true that he is rich, but he must know money is not everything.All bamboo doesnt grow well. = Not all

27、bamboo grows tall.Both of them havent read this story. = Not both of them have read this story.Every man is not honest. = Not everyman is honest. 全部否定的表達(dá)方式：表示全部否定意義的詞（no, none, nobody, nothing, neither, either等）+ 表示肯定意義的謂語。None of them will attend the meeting to be held this Sunday.None of these thi

28、ngs are mine. 表示肯定意義的詞變?yōu)槿糠穸ǖ那闆r：all none both neither every no everybody nobody everyone no one everything nothingeverywhere nowhere 練習(xí)：Its an either-of situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on a holiday but we cant do _.A. others B. either C. another D. both9. Here are my neighbours

29、 whose home was destroyed by the earthquake.本句是一個復(fù)合句。Here位于句首，句子使用了全部倒裝，即把謂語are放在主語my neighbours前面。whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞my neighbours. here, there等副詞位于句首引起的全部倒裝here, there, out, up等表示方向或方位的副詞位于句首時，句子要用全部倒裝。全部倒裝是指將全部謂語提至主語前面。此種情況中謂語動詞常為表示位置移動的動詞且主語為名詞。Here is your letter.There goes the bell.Out rushed a

30、boy. 上述情況中，當(dāng)主語時名詞時用全部倒裝；當(dāng)主語是代詞時，則部分不倒裝。Here he comes.Here you are. 歸納總結(jié)：表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語與上述副詞一樣，位于句首時，句子使用全部倒裝。表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)概念。這時謂語動詞通常為be, stand, lie, come, walk, sit等。In the distance lies a car.Inside the parcel was a letter.In the front of the lecture hall sits a professor.練習(xí)： Up _ into the air. T

31、hen the crowd cheered up.A. go the balloons B. did the balloons goC. went the balloons D. the balloons went At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _, one of the ten largest cities in China. A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie 部分倒裝結(jié)

32、構(gòu)部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。 1) 表示否定或半否定的詞語置于句首時，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did

33、the mother leave the room. 當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。 The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. Not until the child fell asleep, did my mother left the room. only在句首要倒裝的情況 （主倒從不倒）Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come t

34、o the meeting. Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. as或though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須將表語或狀語提前（即把形容詞，副詞，分詞，行為動詞提前）。 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。 句首是行為動詞時， 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果行為動詞有賓語和狀語，隨行為動詞一起放在主語之前。 Student as you are, you should try our best to learn English well.Try hard as he will, he never seem

35、s able to do the work satisfactorily. 注意: 讓步狀語從句中，有though, although時，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。 Though the pain was bad, yet he did not complain. 其他部分倒裝 so that 句型中的so 位于句首時，需倒裝。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。 If he were here, she would