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1、 五、注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、連詞的使用及句子的平衡五、注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、連詞的使用及句子的平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。單項(xiàng)填空題解題指導(dǎo)單項(xiàng)填空題解題指導(dǎo)一、認(rèn)真分析語境,準(zhǔn)確理解和把握信息詞。一、認(rèn)真分析語境,準(zhǔn)確理解和把握信息詞。二、注意英漢表達(dá)習(xí)慣,克服思維定勢(shì)。二、注意英漢表達(dá)習(xí)慣,克服思維定勢(shì)。三、注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),避免主觀性和隨意性三、注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),避免主觀性和隨意性。四、注意語境中的省略現(xiàn)象,完整理解句義。四、注意語境中的省略現(xiàn)象,完整理解句義。一、認(rèn)真分析語境,準(zhǔn)確理解和把握信息詞。一、認(rèn)真分析語境,準(zhǔn)確理解和把握信息詞。解題時(shí),首解題時(shí),首先要先要讀懂題讀懂題義義,然后結(jié),然后結(jié)合信息詞,合信息
2、詞,認(rèn)真認(rèn)真分析語分析語境內(nèi)容境內(nèi)容,揣,揣摩命題人的摩命題人的設(shè)題意圖,設(shè)題意圖,找準(zhǔn)突破口找準(zhǔn)突破口,結(jié)合相關(guān)知結(jié)合相關(guān)知識(shí),選出最識(shí),選出最佳答案。佳答案。1. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider2. -Isnt that Anns husband over there? -No, it _ be
3、him - Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not1. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.2. -Isnt that Anns husband over there? -No, it _ be him - Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.二、注意英漢表達(dá)習(xí)慣,克服思維定勢(shì)。二、注意英漢表達(dá)習(xí)慣,克服思維定勢(shì)。英漢兩種語英漢兩種語言
4、在表達(dá)上言在表達(dá)上存在很大的存在很大的差異,平時(shí)差異,平時(shí)應(yīng)注意對(duì)二應(yīng)注意對(duì)二者進(jìn)行分析、者進(jìn)行分析、比較,而比較,而不不是用漢語的是用漢語的習(xí)慣思維方習(xí)慣思維方式去認(rèn)識(shí)和式去認(rèn)識(shí)和解決英語中解決英語中的一些問題的一些問題。要求我們不要求我們不僅要具備牢僅要具備牢固的固的基礎(chǔ)知基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)識(shí),更要有更要有應(yīng)變能力應(yīng)變能力。1. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember_. NMET 98 A. where B. there C. which D. that 2. -Good morning, Grand Hot
5、el. -Hello, Id like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th. -_. A. What can I do for you? B. Just a minute, please. C. Whats the matter? D. At your service. 三、注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),避免主觀性和隨意性。三、注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),避免主觀性和隨意性。經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到這類題:原句結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)詞短語等被某些成分分經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到這類題:原句結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)詞短語等被某些成分分隔,或處于語法上的需要使其從原結(jié)構(gòu)中分離出來,從而隔,或處于語法上的需要使其從
6、原結(jié)構(gòu)中分離出來,從而增強(qiáng)了試題中選項(xiàng)的干擾性,加大了試題的難度。這就要增強(qiáng)了試題中選項(xiàng)的干擾性,加大了試題的難度。這就要求我們不僅要求我們不僅要掌握常用句型而且要學(xué)會(huì)熟練、靈活地運(yùn)用掌握常用句型而且要學(xué)會(huì)熟練、靈活地運(yùn)用,這樣才能看清試題的本來面目,不會(huì)被表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑。這樣才能看清試題的本來面目,不會(huì)被表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑。1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where2. The mana
7、gers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next years
8、ee sb. / sth.dodoingdone四、注意分析語境中的省略現(xiàn)象,完整理解句義。四、注意分析語境中的省略現(xiàn)象,完整理解句義。在語境試題中,在語境試題中,往往根據(jù)上下往往根據(jù)上下文的含義故意文的含義故意省略一些成分,省略一些成分,增加試題難度。增加試題難度。在解題時(shí)在解題時(shí),一一定要弄清題意,定要弄清題意,仔細(xì)地分析句仔細(xì)地分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),補(bǔ)全子結(jié)構(gòu),補(bǔ)全出省略部分出省略部分,這樣才能保證這樣才能保證選出正確答案選出正確答案。1. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ it -you
9、ve got some big bills coming. A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget2. I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some _. A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in timebetterBetter: had better do sth.in case: in case I need it.五、注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、連詞的使用。五、注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、連詞的使用。 此外,還要注意句子的平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。此外,還要注意句子的平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。1
10、. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.2. _is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress.3. _is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. WhatBA
11、D4. He set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make1. -How are the team playing? -Theyre playing well, but o
12、ne of them _ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were2. She cant help_ the house because shes busy making a cake.A. to clean B. cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned3. -Do you mind if I open the window? -_ I feel a bit cold. A. Of course not. B. Id rather you didnt. C. Go ahead D. Why not?4.I dont think Jim
13、 saw me; he _ into space.A. just stared B. was staring C.has just stared D. had just stared5. -Ill travel to France this winter. -_A.Have a good trip B. I know C. Its beautiful D.Youre so lucky.6. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which7.
14、He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting8. The shop doesnt open until 11 a.m. , _ it loses a lot of business. A. for B. or C. but D. so重重 基基 礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ)Conclusion細(xì)細(xì) 分分 析析巧巧 運(yùn)運(yùn) 用用高中英語教學(xué)的目的:鞏固、擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),發(fā)展聽、說、讀、寫的基本技能。培養(yǎng)在口頭上和書面上初步
15、運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行交際的能力,側(cè)重培養(yǎng)閱讀理解能力。1、能以每分鐘7080個(gè)詞的速度,讀懂生詞率不超過3%的有關(guān)人物傳記,故事,記敘文,科普小品等不同題材的文章。高中英語對(duì)“讀”的要求:2、能讀懂簡(jiǎn)單的應(yīng)用文,如信件,請(qǐng)柬,通知,便條和標(biāo)志等。3、能運(yùn)用一般的閱讀技巧基本把握所讀材料的中心思想,主要事實(shí),主要邏輯線索,時(shí)間和空間順序4、能根據(jù)上下文理解作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)5、能根據(jù)已知的事實(shí)推斷語篇未直接寫出的意思6、除教材內(nèi)容外,課外閱讀應(yīng)達(dá)到20萬字影響閱讀理解的幾個(gè)因素:一、詞匯 詞匯量貧乏 詞義理解不準(zhǔn)確 不重視構(gòu)詞法二、理解能力 閱讀不分文體閱讀忽視關(guān)聯(lián)詞 閱讀不分主次 指代、替代理解不明確
16、三、語法基礎(chǔ)差四、心理素質(zhì)的問題誤區(qū)誤區(qū)1.以為讀得越慢,對(duì)文以為讀得越慢,對(duì)文章的信息了解越多,理解程章的信息了解越多,理解程度也越高。度也越高。心理學(xué)與心理語言學(xué)表明:閱讀速度與理解率幾乎沒有關(guān)系。即使有,正好相反:速度越快,理解率越高。閱讀速度快,有助于把握文章的主旨大意。措施:1.經(jīng)常進(jìn)行限時(shí)閱讀。不僅注意準(zhǔn)確率,更要注重速度,逐漸養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣。2.強(qiáng)制把手或筆等物體離開讀物。讓大腦活動(dòng)、眼睛轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和手指翻書。3、進(jìn)行意群閱讀,擴(kuò)大視幅。逐詞閱讀還會(huì)割斷詞與詞的聯(lián)系。誤區(qū)誤區(qū)2.閱讀時(shí)將文字讀出聲閱讀時(shí)將文字讀出聲來,或在心里清晰地發(fā)出單來,或在心里清晰地發(fā)出單詞的音。詞的音。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,默讀
17、是朗讀的2倍。過分依賴聲音而非語意,將影響閱讀的廣度和深度。1.閱讀時(shí)緊閉雙唇。2.有意識(shí)地將閱讀速度加快到超過講話的最快速度。措施:誤區(qū)誤區(qū)3.對(duì)已讀過的內(nèi)容感到對(duì)已讀過的內(nèi)容感到不放心或因沒看懂,再次倒不放心或因沒看懂,再次倒回去讀?;厝プx。倒讀次數(shù)太多會(huì)影響閱讀速度。對(duì)一篇文章的理解一般情況是相對(duì)的,并不要求記住每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。1.建立只讀一遍就能懂的自信心。2、首先理解文章大意。3、閱讀中目光始終從左到右移動(dòng)。(除根據(jù)題目要求,有必要重讀有些內(nèi)容外)措施:誤區(qū)誤區(qū)4.平時(shí)平時(shí)閱讀中不適當(dāng)?shù)亻喿x中不適當(dāng)?shù)亍⒎浅nl繁地使用英漢詞典。非常頻繁地使用英漢詞典。一篇文章變得支離破碎,不利于整體把握文章
18、的主旨大意。閱讀效率低下。1.閱讀訓(xùn)練時(shí),選擇在詞匯和語法深度上與自己相當(dāng)?shù)牟牧?。(生詞10)2.采用上下文分析或根據(jù)詞根、前、后綴等方法猜詞。3.完成閱讀訓(xùn)練任務(wù)后,有必要重讀該文章,查生詞的準(zhǔn)確含義,并記憶。措施:方法一:先讀短文后答題方法二、先看問題后讀短文閱讀技巧及建議閱讀技巧及建議 閱讀的技巧 略讀 跳讀標(biāo)記法 猜詞義 閱讀理解題型設(shè)計(jì):閱讀理解題型設(shè)計(jì):A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題B.主旨大意題C.推理判斷題D.猜測(cè)詞義題E. 計(jì)算,識(shí)圖題F.常識(shí)題A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題 此類題型的問題以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等詞引導(dǎo),就文中某句、某段或某一具體細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問
19、并要求考生回答。做題要領(lǐng):1.明確題意,順藤摸瓜。2.按照要求,尋找答案源。3.找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞,明白其暗 示作用。4.多讀課文,正確使用排 除法。B.主旨大意題 此類題型用以考查考生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。一類題型為主題問題。如:What is the main idea of this passage?What does the passage mainly talk about?What does the writer want to tell us?另一類為標(biāo)題問題。如:Which is the best title of this article/passage?1.研究文章
20、的題目及副標(biāo)題 .2.瀏覽全文各個(gè)段落,了解每一段大意.3.逐段閱讀文章,集中理解關(guān)鍵詞,抓住每段的主題句,對(duì)闡述主題的句子可跳過.4.抓住每一段的大意后,綜合概括全文的中心.5.閱讀該小題的所有選項(xiàng),對(duì)比分析其異同,并嘗試用所選項(xiàng)帶到文章中印證各段內(nèi)容是否支持文章主題.C.推理判斷題 既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思,又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷,力求從作者的角度去考慮,不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。這類試題常以如下句式發(fā)問:1.What can you conclude from this passage?2.Whats the authors a
21、ttitude towards.?3.We can infer from the passage that.4.Which statement is(not) true? 做題要領(lǐng):1.嚴(yán)格按照材料中所提供信息進(jìn)行推嚴(yán)格按照材料中所提供信息進(jìn)行推理理, ,千萬不能摻雜自己的主觀想法和觀千萬不能摻雜自己的主觀想法和觀念念2.如果某選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡(jiǎn)單如果某選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)重復(fù), ,那它就不是推論那它就不是推論. .3.如果某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻如果某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合合,文中沒有涉及文中沒有涉及,那它屬于主觀臆斷的那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論結(jié)論.4.文章中的虛擬語氣和
22、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞往文章中的虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞往往流露出作者的弦外之音往流露出作者的弦外之音,有住助于有住助于我們確定答案我們確定答案.5.某些過渡詞某些過渡詞(however,but,on the contrary,whats more)后面的內(nèi)容往往后面的內(nèi)容往往能夠反映作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度能夠反映作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度.D.猜測(cè)詞義題 此類題型要求學(xué)生通過閱讀,根據(jù)已知的信息或常識(shí)推測(cè)不熟悉的詞或詞組的含義,其中包含“舊詞新意”和“超綱詞”兩種情況。做題要領(lǐng):1.仔細(xì)閱讀該詞出現(xiàn)的上下句,作者往往對(duì)這樣的詞進(jìn)行解釋或概括歸納.2.結(jié)合正確的方法快速而準(zhǔn)確地猜測(cè)出生詞 。1 1、同義詞猜義、同義詞猜義例1 H
23、e replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.句中句中hasty 是生詞,根據(jù)上文所提供的是生詞,根據(jù)上文所提供的信息所知,信息所知,hasty是形容詞,與是形容詞,與quick 同義。同義。 例2 The old woman had a strange habit. She kept over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her ecce
24、ntric lady.句中句中eccentric 是生詞,根是生詞,根據(jù)句中所提供的信息,我們據(jù)句中所提供的信息,我們可以斷定該詞是形容詞,與可以斷定該詞是形容詞,與strange是同義。是同義。2、反義詞猜義、反義詞猜義 例例4 Unlike his brother, who is truly handsome man, John is quite homely. 句中unlike 是關(guān)鍵詞。它提示了John與他的兄弟情況相反。由此可知handsome 與homely 是反義詞。故homely 應(yīng)是ordinary-looking的意思。 3、定義猜詞、定義猜詞 文中常用解釋性詞語引出生詞含
25、義,如that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be等,有時(shí)用破折號(hào),括弧來表示,或者用同位語、定語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。 例 Have you ever wondered what a degree might be worth to you in your job or career? 這兒or 表示job 與career 同義,所以career譯為職業(yè)較妥。 例例The herdsman, who looks after The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yu
26、ansheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. a year. 句中句中herdsman 是生詞,但后面的定是生詞,但后面的定語從句已對(duì)該詞作了解釋,考生馬上語從句已對(duì)該詞作了解釋,考生馬上就能理解它就能理解它 的詞義。的詞義。4 4、由對(duì)比關(guān)系猜詞、由對(duì)比關(guān)系猜詞 句中常有兩個(gè)意義相對(duì)比的詞,只要把握其中一詞,就不難推出另一詞的含義,這時(shí)句中會(huì)有 unlike, although, but, while 等信息詞。考生可以憑借信息詞進(jìn)行推測(cè)詞義。 例One idea about business is that it can be treated as a gam
27、e of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.由前句中perfect information 到后面imperfect information 這一組對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞,我們不難推斷“Quite the reverse”應(yīng)表示“對(duì)比、相反”的意思。 5、由因果關(guān)系猜詞義、由因果關(guān)系猜詞義 上下文中有連詞because, as, since, so, the
28、refore, sothat, suchthat 連接,由已知的“原因”推出“結(jié)果”,反之亦然。 例The biggest power failure happened yesterday. All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.考生可以從停電的原因上猜出冰淇淋、冷 凍 食 品 化 冰 的 必 然 結(jié) 果 , 因 此“melted”是“溶化”之意。6、由上下文情景關(guān)系猜詞義、由上下文情景關(guān)系猜詞義 試題中,還有一些要求考生用上下文提供的情景和線索猜測(cè)詞義的題目。 例What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he sai
29、d “Im on high”?A. Im rich. B. Im famous. C. Im excited. D. Lucky 此題要求考生根據(jù)語篇情境猜測(cè)詞語的此題要求考生根據(jù)語篇情境猜測(cè)詞語的意義。考生從文中可以看出意義。考生從文中可以看出 Cory Cory LuxmooreLuxmoore 丟失日記后,深感難過,后來丟失日記后,深感難過,后來日記失而復(fù)得,他對(duì)記者說日記失而復(fù)得,他對(duì)記者說“Its Its wonderful, Im on high.”wonderful, Im on high.”。 由此可以推斷出由此可以推斷出“Im on Im on high”high”應(yīng)是應(yīng)是“
30、快樂,激動(dòng)快樂,激動(dòng)”的的意思。意思。 7、由構(gòu)詞法來猜測(cè)詞義、由構(gòu)詞法來猜測(cè)詞義 在閱讀過程中,考生還會(huì)碰到一些熟詞的派生詞和合成詞,這就要看考生詞匯功底是否扎實(shí)。如果考生平時(shí)注意詞綴的用法,有意識(shí)地進(jìn)行歸納記憶,考試時(shí)就會(huì)駕輕就熟,排除攔路虎,順利抓住文章大意。高考英語閱讀E篇,僅recycle一詞,下文就出現(xiàn)了4個(gè)派生詞:recyclables, unrecyclables, nonrecyclables, recycled。分別譯為“可回收利用的材料”,“不可回收利用的材料”,“無法回收利用的材料”,“被回收利用的材料”。 利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義,關(guān)鍵應(yīng)在理解詞根的基礎(chǔ)上,掌握前后綴規(guī)
31、律,如re-,non-,un-, im-, in-, dis- 等前綴和-able, -an, -ive,-ist, -ise, -ty, -ness, -less 等,要懂得這些詞綴與詞干結(jié)合起來可組成新的單詞,即派生詞。 8、利用熟詞的新詞性來抽象詞義、利用熟詞的新詞性來抽象詞義 When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life ?When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago,
32、 how could they even begin to picture modern life ?9.通過同類關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義通過同類關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義 I like many musical instruments such as piano, violin and guitar. 同類關(guān)系常由such as, like, for example, for instance等詞列舉同類詞匯。猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力, 它不但需要運(yùn)用前面提到的一些技巧準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的閱讀量, 掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)比較多的課外詞匯。 這就需要平時(shí)長(zhǎng)期不懈的努力,僅靠考前突擊是不能解決問題的, 應(yīng)養(yǎng)成良好的閱
33、讀習(xí)慣,盡可能擴(kuò)大詞匯量, 注意積累,這樣才能在考試中應(yīng)付自如,考出水平。 E.計(jì)算、識(shí)圖題 此類題型用以考查考生計(jì)算、識(shí)此類題型用以考查考生計(jì)算、識(shí)圖能力。要求學(xué)生利用已知的數(shù)字圖能力。要求學(xué)生利用已知的數(shù)字信息運(yùn)算得出相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)文中信息運(yùn)算得出相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)文中敘述對(duì)所提供圖表進(jìn)行理解并選擇。敘述對(duì)所提供圖表進(jìn)行理解并選擇。解圖形辨認(rèn)題時(shí)必須弄清圖表中各解圖形辨認(rèn)題時(shí)必須弄清圖表中各部分之間的關(guān)系,然后對(duì)照短文中部分之間的關(guān)系,然后對(duì)照短文中所描述的細(xì)節(jié)有針對(duì)性的進(jìn)行選擇。所描述的細(xì)節(jié)有針對(duì)性的進(jìn)行選擇。例Santa Fe was founded in 1609 by the Span
34、ish(西班牙人)in an old Indian village。 In 1680, the Indians seized the place but only held it for twelve years before the Spanish retook it。The city remained under Spanish rule until Mexico won its independence in 1821。From then on it was a Mexico city until 1864when it was taken over by U.S.troops.1.Sa
35、nta Fe was under the rule of the Mexican in_.A.1675 B.1695 C.1816 D.18332.The people who held Santa Fe for the longest period in history were the _.A.Spanish B.Indian C.MexicansD.AmericansSpanishIndiansMexico USA1609-16801692-18211680-16921821-18461846-now71+129=200years12years25yearsAbout 150yearsF
36、.經(jīng)驗(yàn)常識(shí)題 此類題主要是考查中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的多項(xiàng)綜合知識(shí),包括:社會(huì)知識(shí)、天文知識(shí)、史地知識(shí)、科普知識(shí)及對(duì)生活常識(shí)的主觀掌握程度。 此類題往往與文章沒有直接關(guān)系,學(xué)生只能憑自己的常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷,然后做出正確、符合這些規(guī)律的選擇。做題要領(lǐng):閱讀理解閱讀理解“四要四要”一、要擴(kuò)大詞匯量,促進(jìn)閱讀.二、要嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練閱讀速度克服不良的閱讀習(xí)慣限時(shí)閱讀訓(xùn)練尋找主題句 ,理解重點(diǎn)把握全文。題題型型三、要培養(yǎng)詞義推斷能力四、要把握好長(zhǎng)難句1.結(jié)構(gòu)分析理解法第一步,判斷句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句第二步,找出句子的核心或成分即主語和謂語,然后再分清句子的一些附屬成分When a rather dirty 、poo
37、rly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins ,do you hurry on,not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money?2.意群閱讀法When two cars traveling at 30kmph hit each other(1), an unbelted driver (2)would meet the windscreen(3),with a fo
38、rce equal to diving head first into the ground from a height of 10 meters(4).總之,閱讀理解既是平常學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn),也是考試的難點(diǎn),要應(yīng)試好這類題型,必須靠長(zhǎng)期不懈的努力,僅靠一朝一夕的學(xué)習(xí)是不能解決問題的。因此,考生在平常的學(xué)習(xí)中必須樹立長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的訓(xùn)練目標(biāo),養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣,盡可能地?cái)U(kuò)大自己的詞匯量,如:??从⑽臅鴪?bào),翻閱字典,廣泛閱讀,加強(qiáng)英語知識(shí)和背景知識(shí)的積累,同時(shí)注意努力提高對(duì)短文的整篇理解感悟能力,只有這樣才能在高考中應(yīng)付自如,考出高分,考出水平。 評(píng)析短文改錯(cuò)的常見錯(cuò)誤及備考策略評(píng)析短文改錯(cuò)的常見錯(cuò)誤及備考策略
39、( (一一) )命題特點(diǎn):命題特點(diǎn):短文改錯(cuò)的短文通常只有短文改錯(cuò)的短文通常只有120詞左右,分成十行。詞左右,分成十行。 從錯(cuò)誤類型看可分為從錯(cuò)誤類型看可分為“對(duì),錯(cuò),加,減對(duì),錯(cuò),加,減”四個(gè)方面,即,四個(gè)方面,即,正確打正確打,錯(cuò)誤改正,缺詞添加,多詞刪除。并要求以,錯(cuò)誤改正,缺詞添加,多詞刪除。并要求以規(guī)范的符號(hào)進(jìn)行表示。規(guī)范的符號(hào)進(jìn)行表示。 ( (二二) )常見錯(cuò)誤類型:常見錯(cuò)誤類型:錯(cuò)誤類型概括錯(cuò)誤類型概括起來主要是詞法,句法,行文邏輯方面的錯(cuò)起來主要是詞法,句法,行文邏輯方面的錯(cuò)誤??疾橹攸c(diǎn)主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面:誤??疾橹攸c(diǎn)主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面: 1. 名詞(名詞的數(shù)名詞(名
40、詞的數(shù), ,格)使用錯(cuò)誤;格)使用錯(cuò)誤; 例句例句11to devote all my time to my to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.all my subject. 解析解析 my subject my subject 前有限定詞前有限定詞all,all,故將故將subject subject 改為改為subjects.subjects. 例句例句22(0505)There are
41、advantage for There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.students to work while studying at school. 解析解析 advantage advantage 是可數(shù)名詞,故改為是可數(shù)名詞,故改為 advantages. advantages. 2. 冠詞的使用錯(cuò)誤;(冠詞的缺或多)冠詞的使用錯(cuò)誤;(冠詞的缺或多) 例句例句1 Suddenly ,I caught a sight of my 1 Suddenly ,I caught a sight of my
42、 English teacher in the crowd.English teacher in the crowd. 解析解析 caught sight of caught sight of 是固定詞組,故去掉是固定詞組,故去掉a .a . 例句例句2 (052 (05) I hope youve had pleasant ) I hope youve had pleasant journey home.journey home. 解析解析 journey journey 為可數(shù)名詞,故為可數(shù)名詞,故 pleasant pleasant 前加前加 a .a . 3.代詞(代詞的數(shù)格及其混用)
43、代詞(代詞的數(shù)格及其混用) 例句例句1 He did her best to help me . 1 He did her best to help me . 解解析析 he he和和 herher不一致。不一致。 例句例句2 My parents and I climbed the 2 My parents and I climbed the mountain .The three of them were very mountain .The three of them were very excited.excited. 解析解析 根據(jù)上下文,這是代詞的混用,應(yīng)將根據(jù)上下文,這是代詞的混
44、用,應(yīng)將themthem改為改為 us.us. 4.4.時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)的誤用;時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)的誤用; 例句例句1 I am happy with any programme1 I am happy with any programme but but the others spent a lot of time arguing there .the others spent a lot of time arguing there . 解析解析 根據(jù)文意,此句為過去時(shí)態(tài),故根據(jù)文意,此句為過去時(shí)態(tài),故amam改為改為waswas 例句例句2 2 and let you know when the book
45、you and let you know when the book you want has returned .want has returned . 解析解析 因?yàn)樵摼涞闹髡Z因?yàn)樵摼涞闹髡Zthe book the book 與與return return 之間之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故在是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故在returnedreturned的前面加上的前面加上been.been. 5.5.動(dòng)詞(連系動(dòng)詞漏用,混用;及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞(連系動(dòng)詞漏用,混用;及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)用;非謂語動(dòng)詞的混用)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)用;非謂語動(dòng)詞的混用) 例句例句1 Id like to your pen-friend ,and
46、 1 Id like to your pen-friend ,and get to know more about your country.get to know more about your country. 解析解析 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)镮d like toId like to中的中的toto是不定式符號(hào),是不定式符號(hào),所以在所以在youryour的前邊加上的前邊加上be.be. 例句例句2 I was often a little tired after a 2 I was often a little tired after a days work and days work and watc
47、h Tvwatch Tv demands very little effort . demands very little effort . 解析解析 應(yīng)把應(yīng)把watch Tvwatch Tv 改為改為 watching Tvwatching Tv , watching Tvwatching Tv是動(dòng)名詞作主語。是動(dòng)名詞作主語。 例句例句3 I had great difficulty with English 3 I had great difficulty with English grammar just after I entered in the school.grammar jus
48、t after I entered in the school. 解析解析 enter enter 是及物動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞 ,故介詞,故介詞in in 應(yīng)去掉。應(yīng)去掉。 6.6.形容詞,副詞及其比較級(jí)最高級(jí)的誤用;形容詞,副詞及其比較級(jí)最高級(jí)的誤用; 例句例句1 Unfortunate, there are too many people 1 Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family .in my family . 解析解析 Unfortunate Unfortunate 應(yīng)該為應(yīng)該為 Unfortunately.Unfortunat
49、ely. 例句例句2 As a result ,people in modern world 2 As a result ,people in modern world generally live much more longer than people in generally live much more longer than people in the past.the past. 解析解析 此句中含有比較級(jí)此句中含有比較級(jí)longerlonger,故刪去,故刪去 more.more. 7.7.介詞的誤用;介詞的誤用; 例句例句1 We must keep in mind that
50、we play 1 We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.for the team instead ourselves. 解析解析 instead of instead of 是固定短語,因此是固定短語,因此ourselves ourselves 前加前加of.of. 例句例句2 I was so tired that I felt asleep at 2 I was so tired that I felt asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow
51、 .the moment my head touched the pillow . 解析解析 the moment the moment 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,故去掉引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,故去掉at.at. . 8.8.詞語搭配錯(cuò)誤;詞語搭配錯(cuò)誤; 例句例句1 Some wanted to see the programme1 Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another .while others preferred another . 解析解析 one oneanotheranother為固定搭配,故將為固定搭配,故
52、將 thethe改為改為 one.one. 例句例句2 If this doesnt work ,bring in a 2 If this doesnt work ,bring in a friend that you feel comfortable and have friend that you feel comfortable and have him or her help you.him or her help you. 解析解析 be /feel comfortable with be /feel comfortable with 為固定搭配為固定搭配, , 故將故將comfor
53、table comfortable 后加后加with.with. 例句例句3 Thanks very much on inviting me to 3 Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday.your birthday party on Sunday. 解析解析 thanks for (doing) sth thanks for (doing) sth. . 為固定搭配為固定搭配, , 故將故將onon改為改為for.for. 例句例句1 Now my picture and the prize is 1
54、 Now my picture and the prize is hanging on the wall.hanging on the wall. 解析解析 主語是主語是 and and 連接的兩種事物,故將連接的兩種事物,故將is is 改為改為are.are. 例句例句2 He, together with his parents , 2 He, together with his parents , have gone to Beijing.have gone to Beijing. 解析解析 主語是主語是he, he, 故將故將havehave改為改為has.has. 9.9.主謂一致
55、;主謂一致; 10.10.區(qū)分句子結(jié)構(gòu)的并列或從屬關(guān)系;區(qū)分句子結(jié)構(gòu)的并列或從屬關(guān)系; 例句例句1 She was smiling but nodding at me .1 She was smiling but nodding at me . 解析解析 smiling smiling 和和 nodding nodding 是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,故是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,故butbut變變 and.and. 例句例句2 I live in Beijing ,where is the 2 I live in Beijing ,where is the capital of China .capital of Chin
56、a . 解析解析 這是一個(gè)非限定從,從句缺主語,故將這是一個(gè)非限定從,從句缺主語,故將wherewhere改為改為which.which. ( (三三) ) 備考策略;備考策略;1.1.瀏覽全文,掌握大意;瀏覽全文,掌握大意;2.2.分句閱讀,逐行找錯(cuò);分句閱讀,逐行找錯(cuò);3.3.注意使用標(biāo)記的準(zhǔn)確性;注意使用標(biāo)記的準(zhǔn)確性;不能只在原題上改。不能只在原題上改。認(rèn)為多詞的,別忘了在原題和答案處都要?jiǎng)澬本€認(rèn)為多詞的,別忘了在原題和答案處都要?jiǎng)澬本€( );認(rèn)為少詞的,別忘了在原題處加漏字符號(hào));認(rèn)為少詞的,別忘了在原題處加漏字符號(hào)();認(rèn)為錯(cuò)了一個(gè)詞的,切記在錯(cuò)的詞下劃);認(rèn)為錯(cuò)了一個(gè)詞的,切記在錯(cuò)
57、的詞下劃一橫線;原文沒有錯(cuò)的不要改,但不要忘記在該一橫線;原文沒有錯(cuò)的不要改,但不要忘記在該行右邊橫線上畫一個(gè)勾(行右邊橫線上畫一個(gè)勾()。 4 4復(fù)讀全文,彌補(bǔ)疏漏復(fù)讀全文,彌補(bǔ)疏漏 How to deal with the composition書面表達(dá)書面表達(dá)近幾年高考作文的類型近幾年高考作文的類型MET91 六幅圖 應(yīng)用文 介紹 MET92 六幅圖 記敘文 記事 MET93 六幅圖 記敘文 故事 MET94 提綱 應(yīng)用文 通知MET95 單幅圖 應(yīng)用文 書信 MET96 圖表 應(yīng)用文 介紹 MET97 六幅圖 記敘文 故事 MET98 六幅圖 應(yīng)用文 日記 MET99 兩幅圖 應(yīng)用文
58、書信MET00 四幅圖 記敘文 故事 MET01 圖表 應(yīng)用文 書信Letter writingA LetterNov 5, 2001Wuzheng Middle SchoolZhejiang P.R.C.JackTongxiang High SchoolDear Mary,BodyYours,Jacko 親人、家屬:Yours lovingly ; o Yours affectionatelyo 朋友、平輩:Sincerely yours o Yours sincerely o 上級(jí)、長(zhǎng)者:Yours respectfully o Respectfully yours o 單位、部門:You
59、rs sincerely o Yours faithfully 結(jié)束語Closingo June 5th , 2000o Dear Mr. Zhao,o I am sorry that I am unable to attend school during the following week because of the Sports Meet. The school expects me to play an important part in it . And I will be back to class in a week . o I hope you will excuse my
60、absence。o Yours respectfullyo 便 條(病/事假條)(NOTICE/ANNOUNCEMENT)o 口頭通知:o Ladies and Gentlemen,o Attention,please!/ May I have you attention please?o 正 文o 書面通知:o NOTICEo In celebration of May Day , there will be - o 正 文o School Officeo April 25th , 2000 通知、通告o Wednesday May 5th Cloudy It is nearly a mon
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