2011年英語(yǔ)考研模擬題3與精析

1、WORD格式Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numberedblank and mark A, B, C orD on Answer Sheet 1. (10 points)From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means ofbroadeningour knowledge ofourselves and theworldabout us. Whenhumansfirst1 , th

2、eywere likenewborn children,unable to use this 2 tool.Yetonce languagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhuman kind'sfuture3 andcultural growth increased.Many linguistsbelievethatevolutionis4 forour abilityto produceand use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 aninnate language

3、 ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of thisinnatenesstheorysay that our 8 forlanguage isinborn,but thatlanguageitselfdevelops gradually,9 a functionofthe growth ofthebrain duringchildhood.Therefore thereare critical10 timesforlanguage development.Current11 ofinnatenesstheory(天生論 ) are mixed,h

4、owever, evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12 ,moreand more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taughtin 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being14 tothem, while adultshave a much hardertimelearninganotherlanguageonce the 1

5、5 of their first language have become firmly fixed.16 some aspects of language are undeniablyinnate,languagedoes notdevelop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from otherhumanbeingsdo not possess language. Thisdemonstratesthat18 withotherhumanbeingsis necessaryforproperlanguage deve

6、lopment. Somelinguistsbelievethatthisis even more basictohuman language 19 thanany innatecapacities.These theoristsview language as imitative,learnedbehavior.20, childrenlearnlanguagefrom theirparentsby imitatingthem. Parentsgradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing

7、precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.1.A generatedB evolved C born D originated2. A valuableB appropriateC convenientD favorite3.A attainments B feasibilityC entertainmentsDevolution4. A essential B available C reliableD responsible5.A confirmB inform C claimD convince6.A for

8、B from C of D with7. A organizations B organisms C humans D children8. A potential B performanceC preference D passion9.A as B just asC likeD unlike10. Aideological Bbiological Csocial Dpsychological11. A reviews B reference Creaction Drecommendation12.A In a word B In a sense C Indeed D In other wo

9、rds13.A various B differentC the higher D the lower專業(yè)資料整理14. A revealed B exposed C engaged D involved15. Aregulations Bformations Crules Dconstitutions16. A Although B Whether C Since D When17. Adistinguished Bdifferent Cprotected Disolated18. Aexposition Bcomparison Ccontrast Dinteraction19. A acq

10、uisitionB appreciation C requirement Dalternative20.A As a result B AfterallC In other words D AboveallSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the followingfourtexts.Answer the questionsbelow each textby choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet1. (40 points) Text 1When Howe

11、ll Raines was made executive editor of the New York Timesin 2001, he brought with him a reputation as a fearless and independentnewsman. Within days, al-Qaeda ( 基地組織 )strucktheWorld Trade Centre,and thecoveragehe oversaw turned him intoan editoriallegend, hisarmyof reporters winning an unprecedented

12、 number of Pulitzer prizes.Yet, not a year and a half later, the discovery of fabrication bya young reportertriggereda managerialcrisisthat destroyedMr Raines'scareer and exposed the newspaper to ridicule for being unable to detecta pathological( 病態(tài)的 ) liar in its own newsroom. Not long afterwar

13、ds,another reporter, who was also a favourite of Mr Raines's, departed asquestions were being raised as to whether he had actually reported thestoriesappearing under hisname. A yearon,many insidethe world'sbestknown paper of recordand integrity still worryif its reputationcan berestored.Mr R

14、aines got the editorship after pledging to raise the paper's"competitive metabolism" (新陳代謝 ). The newspaper's publisher, ArthurSulzberger, had had ample opportunitiestosee hisflaws.As bureau chiefin Washington, DC, MrRaines had treateda small groupof reporters likepets, earning the

15、 dislike of the rest. Similar opinions had been voicedwhen he ran the newspaper'seditorial page.But in eachplace, Mr Raineshad made the New York Times noticed. And for Mr Sulzberger, that seemedto be an answer to a problem.Circulation had been stagnant for years, despite attempts toestablish the

16、 New York Times as America's national paper. According toSeth Mnookin, a noted columnist, Mr Sulzberger and Mr Raines both feltthat the newspaper was badly in need of a change. In Mr Raines's hands,this meant puttingenormous pressure on getting the impossiblestory.Thepaper had also been maki

17、ng an effort to diversify the racial mix of its employees, a goal that Mr Raines endorsed. Both objectives converged in the career of Jayson Blair, whose talent as a writer was matched by his dishonesty as a reporter. His career was advanced by Mr Raines despitethe trail of errors and suspect scoops

18、 (獨(dú)家新聞 ) that he left.After the Blair disaster, a painful self-examination began at theNewYork Times which continuestoday.Amongother things,a kind of devil'sadvocate was hired to criticise the paper's workings, and to go publicabout itscontradictions.Daniel Okrent'scolumn is one of the n

19、ewspaper'smore provocative, addressing its left-of-centre world view and its useof outsidesources to providefalseobjectivityforitsown conclusions.Perhaps the result of all this will be the change that Mr Sulzberger was seeking.21. Jason Blair was hired by the New York Times, because he . A he pr

20、oved to be a good reporter in getting some hot storiesB he was a long time favorite reporter of Mr Raines'C he promised to boost the circulation of the newspaperD he was talented and racially correct at the right time 22. Mr Raines' career was destroyed because he .A failed to notify his pub

21、lisher of the change of the editorial policyB was held responsible for allowing unfounded stories to be publishedC supported a young reporter in making up unfounded stories Dtook no action whenthe reputation of the newspaper was questioned 23. Mr Raines was made executive editor of the newspaper bec

22、ause .A he promised to enhance the competiveness of the newspaperB he had run the bureau in DC and the editorial section of the newspaperC Mr Sulzerberger believed that he could reshape the newspaperD he knew how to spur his reporters and get hot stories done 24. The author thinks Daniel Okrent .A n

23、ever hesitates to expose the contradictions of the newspaperB always supports his conclusions with his own investigationsC is critical of the management of the newspaperD fails to offer a balanced view on the subject he addresses25. The expression "the impossible story" (Line 4, Para. 4) m

24、ost probably means . Aa news report of unusual proportions Ban unfounded news reportC a report completed with difficultyD a news story aimingat making a stirText 2For the generation that grew up during the feminist revolution and the rapid social change of the 1960s and 1970s, it at first seemedachi

25、evement enough just to "make it" in a man's world. But coupled withtheir ambition, today's women have developed a fierce determination tofind new options for being both parent and professional withoutsacrificing too much to either role or burning themselves out beyondredemption.Wom

26、en have done all of the accommodating in terms of time, energy,and personal sacrificethatishumanly possible,and stillthey have notreached true integration in the workplace. For a complicated set ofreasons-many beyond their control-they feel conflict between theircareers and their children. All but a

27、 rare few quickly dispel the myththat superwomen ever existed.Formany women,professionand familyare pittedagainstone anotheron a high-stakescollisioncourse.Women'svaluesare stackedagainst thetraditions of their professions. In the home, men and women struggle tofigureout how dual-careermarriages

28、 shouldwork. Role conflictforwomenreaches far beyond the fundamental work/family dilemma to encompass awhole constellation of fiercely competing priorities. Women today findthemselves in an intense battle with a society that cannot let go of anarrowlydefinedwork ethicthatis supportedby a familystruc

29、turethathas notexistedfor decades. The unspoken assumptionpersiststhatthereis still a woman at home to raise the children and manage the household.But the economic reality is that most people, whether in two-parent orsingle-parent families, need to work throughout their adult lives. As aconsequence,

30、 the majority of today's mothers are in the labor market.The first full-fledged generation of women in the professions didnot talk about their overbooked agenda or the toll it took on them andtheir families. They knew that theirposition in the office wasshaky atbest. With virtually no choice in

31、the matter, they bought into thetraditional notion of success in the workplace-usually attained at thehigh costof giving up an involvedfamily life.Iftheysufferedself-doubtor frustration about how hollow professional success felt withoutcomplementary rewards from the home, they blamed themselves-eith

32、er forexpecting too much or for doing too little. And they asked themselvesquestions that held no easy answers: Am I expecting too much? Is it me?Am I alone in this dilemma? Do other women truly have it all?26. According to the passage, today's women .Awant to achievea balancebetween her loyalti

33、estowork and familyB are stronger advocates of gender equality than the older generationC do not want to sacrifice anything at all for the desired liberationD are getting no nearer to achieving their ambition in life27. What is the myth held by some "superwomen"?A Personal careers can be r

34、econciled with parentalresponsibilities.B The devotionto career weighs more than the regard forC They can resist the temptation of ambition to make greatchildren.achievementsD The conflicts between careers and children can be resolved.28. In whatway do women today find themselves inan intense battle

35、with the society?A The societyregards womenas less able to perform socialtasks.B Womendo too much about theircareerand too littleabout theirfamilies.C The society still holds the traditional image about a family.D Womenno longer regard the familyas a basic unit of the society.29.Whenwomenfailto achi

36、eve a balance between work and children,they .A let things go their own coursesB admit that they are notsuperwomenC usuallychoose to give up theirworkD oftenblame themselvesfor it30. The author's A suspicionattitude towards womendilemma seems to be one of . B indifference C irony D sympathyText

37、3The entrepreneur, according to French economist J. B. Say, "is aperson who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into anarea of higher productivityand yield."But Say's definitiondoes not tellus who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as onewho sta

38、rts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, wewill define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risksto organizeand managea businessand receivesthe financialprofitsandnon-monetary rewards.The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but ishe an entrepren

39、eur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shiftresources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he isconsidered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneurbecause he founded and established McDonald's. His hamburgers were nota new idea, but he applied new techni

40、ques, resource allocations, andorganizationalmethods in his venture.Ray Kroc upgraded the productivityand yieldfrom the resourcesappliedto createhis fast-foodchain.Thisis what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.Many of the sharp, black-and-white contrasts between theentrepreneur a

41、nd the professional have faced to a gray color. Formerly,professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants werenot supposed to be entrepreneurial,aggressive,or market oriented.Theywere "above" the market-driven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand,were the independent in

42、dividuals of society. They were risk-takers whoaggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about allthe two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturatedmarkets, and a more price-conscious publichave changed theworldoftheprofessionals. Today they need to market th

43、eir skills, talents, andcompetencies; Lawyers advertise theirservices. Doctors specializeinoneform of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses (e. g.consulting and law) to serve clients.Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors. Searching for aspecific personality pattern is very di

44、fficult. Some entrepreneurs arequiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash,extroverted, and very emotional. Many of them share some qualities.Viewing change as the norm,entrepreneursusuallysearch forit,respondto it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ra

45、y Krocof McDonald's is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need.Making the decision to shiftresourcesworks betterif a person is creative,experienced, and confident.31. According to the passage, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur? A A person knowing how to run his business.B The o

46、wner of a profitable restaurant.C An innovative business starter.D A person who disregards business risks.32. "Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common"probablymeans .A there wasn't much difference between entrepreneurs and professionalsB entrepreneurs in the past seemed

47、to were live in an isolated worldC both entrepreneursand professionalswere workaholicin the pastD entrepreneurs were those professionals conscious of risks33. From the passage, we learn that .A an entrepreneur always has the courage to take risksB an entrepreneur understand the market is fluctuating

48、C opportunitiesnever favorthose who don'tunderstand the marketD an entrepreneur is sensitive and responsive to the market 34. The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to . A complete the definition of entrepreneurB explain the main characteristics of entrepreneursC show what kind of p

49、eople can become entrepreneursD illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur 35. What will most possibly follow the text?A An example of how an entrepreneur operates.B Another theory about entrepreneurship.C The bad effects of entrepreneurs.D The good effects of entrepreneurs.Text 4If there is

50、 one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the gameis over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, theyrecoil( 畏縮 ) from the suggestionthatmost of the best thingshave alreadybeen located.Ifthey have, today'sscientistscan hope to contributenomore than a few grace notes to the

51、 symphony of science.A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science,argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, isa seniorwriterfor ScientificAmerican magazine, who has interviewedmanyof today's leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock ofrea

52、lizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he wastalking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation in the UnitedStates last year. "The reaction has been one of complete shock anddisbelief," Mr. Horgan says.The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, ofwhich there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If theydo not,then the focus of scie