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1、情態(tài)動詞 1.情態(tài)動詞不能單獨作謂語 2. 后接動詞原型 3. 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化 He runs fast. He can run as fast as a horse. She is waiting for us now. She may be waiting for you now. Tom didnt lose his way in the forest. Tom couldnt have lost his way in the forest.一.表示推測 、可能性 may / might , can / could, must, should, ought to 表示推論和推測程度不

2、同不同的“肯定程度的“ 可能性可按以下層次排列: He is at home. (事實) He must be at home.非??隙ǖ耐茢?He could be at home.很可能 He ought to be at home.很可能 He may be at home.僅僅可能而已 He might be at home.或許, 非常不確定 He might not be at home.也許不在家He may not be at home. 比might可能 He couldnt be at home.很可能不在家 He cant be at home.一定不在家He isnt

3、at home.事實 客觀客觀主觀1 “must 來表示近乎肯定的推論。must 后的各種時態(tài)(除將來時)可表達所推測的事情發(fā)生的時間eg Its half past three. He must be at home. Lets hurry. Mr. Smith must be waiting for you.2.may might 表示對講的事無多大把握,有些可能。might 的可能性最小eg: They may be staying at Beijing Hotel. He didnt say anything ,but he might have see the surprise in

4、 my face.3 can could 表示推測,用與否認(rèn)句和疑問句中,eg: The story cant be true. Can / Could he still be working ? can/could假設(shè)用于肯定句中,肯定句中表示“可能性不指具體動作,譯為“可能會,有時會(見后) 4 shouldought to 表示可能性較大的推測,將來時eg: The book should be out in a month or so. John ought to have left by tomorrow.Shouldought to 還表示“義務(wù),所以不太用與表推測。表示推測情態(tài)動

5、詞的重要用法.肯定的推測可能的推測否認(rèn)的推測疑問的推測must 對將來 對現(xiàn)在 對過去情態(tài)動詞may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have doneshould be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用not表示“可能不 +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doing一.表示推測 ( may / might , can / could, must, should, ought to )1. may

6、(過去式 might) “可能 There may be little water left in the bottle. He thought it might be wise to try his luck there.注意: 1. 可以用might代替may,以表示語氣更加不肯定;2. “那個瓶里可能有水嗎? May there be any water in the bottle? Can there be any water in the bottle? May I use your cell phone ? (征求許可 ) might2. can (過去式could) “可能會Th

7、at cant be true.What on earth can this mean?注意: 1) 可以用could代替can, 以表示語氣婉轉(zhuǎn);2) This story can be true, but I hardly think it is. This story could be true, but I hardly think it is.3) Our house is on the top of the hill, and in winter the winds can be pretty cold. “有時候會couldntcouldmay / might 4) This m

8、ay not / might not be true. “可能不 This can not be true. “不可能3. must “肯定、 “準(zhǔn)是You must be joking, arent you?注意: 1) “他肯定不是在開玩笑. He must not be joking. He cant be joking. No one must be allowed to drive without a driving permit. “不準(zhǔn) 2) “他肯定在家嗎? Must he be at home? Is it certain that he is at home? Must I

9、 finish it by the end of this week?(必須 Why must you ask me so many questions when Im busy cooking? 偏要 注意: must在疑問句中只能表示 “必須 或表示反感 “(干嗎)偏要 “硬要 ; 3) “你肯定會成功. You must succeed. Youre sure to succeed. / It is certain that you will succeed. / Im sure that youll succeed.你必須成功.他必須呆在家里嗎?4. should , ought to

10、 “照說應(yīng)當(dāng), “想比一定, “按理應(yīng)該My new poems should / ought to be out in a month at most. 總 結(jié) 表示推測,疑問句中要用cancould); maymight在問句中只能表示請求許可。 表示一次性動作或一時性狀態(tài)can不用于肯定陳述句中could可以。但can用于肯定陳述句可以表示“有時候可能會.3. 可以用might代替may,以表示語氣更加不肯定;4. cant couldnt比may notmight not語氣強。5. 表示推測,must不用于否認(rèn)句換用cant/couldnt,疑問句換句型,也不用于對將來推測換句型。7

11、. 表示推測,should /ought to 比may /might 有更有把握些, 但次于must。 It is six oclock. He may have got up now.It is six twenty . He ought to have got up now.It is a quarter to seven. He must have got up now.He often gets up at about 6 oclock, has breakfast at 6:20 and goes to work at 6:55.50%80%90% 1. I dont know w

12、here she is, she _ be in Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our teacher _ our exam papers. 這時,我們老師想必在批改試卷。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。 maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been looking5. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. 菲利普可能在車禍中受了重傷.6. -Lind

13、a has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She _ (go) by bus.7. Mike _ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車,因為早上他是坐 公共汽車來上班的。may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have found高考考題:1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books.

14、 A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have beenB D B 4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed t

15、o take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could D C 二.表示必要性,、職責(zé)、勸告、建議等 (need, must, should, ought to )1. need “必需 “需要 ; must “必須 You neednt be

16、 here before 9 oclock.注意: 1) “你需要在九點鐘以前到達這里. You need be here before 9 oclock. You need to be here before 9 oclock. You must be here before 9 oclock. 2)- Must I hand in the composition at the end of the class? -Yes, you need. -No, you mustnt. Yes, you must.No, you neednt. / Need 2)- Must I hand in t

17、he composition at the end of the class? -Yes, you need. -No, you mustnt. 3) I must study hard at school. (積極) I have to study hard at school. (消極) 總 結(jié)表示必需或需要,need不用于肯定陳述句中換用need to。Yes, you must.No, you neednt. / Need2. Must表示必須,不用于否認(rèn)句中換用neednt,dont need to 或dont have to, 因為must用于否認(rèn)句表示禁止。3. must vs.

18、 have to 表示必須,must表示主觀積極,have to 表示客觀消極。時態(tài)must只有過去式表示過去和原形表示現(xiàn)在和將來兩種,但have to 有多種形式。2. 表示建議、勸告. shall, should , ought to , must Shall we have a break?haveto的用法 1must表示一種主觀的需要,而haveto表示一種客觀的需要,意思是“不得不。如: I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我不得不參加一個重要的會議。 Mother is out, so I have

19、to look after the shop. 媽媽不在家,因此我不得不照看商店。 2haveto的否認(rèn)形式是dont have to, 相當(dāng)于neednt。如: They dont have to buy a computer at present. 他們目前沒有必要買電腦。Lets not bother him, shall we ?You ought to / should follow your teachers advice.You must take plenty of water with you if you want to walk alone into the desert

20、. 三. 請求對方做某事 疑問句中用情態(tài)動詞can / could , will / would表示請求比用祈使句表示請求婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣.Can / Could you wait a few more days ?Will / Would you please wait a few more days ?四. 表示允許或征詢對方許可may / might, can / could (“不準(zhǔn)許may not / cant / mustnt)You may / can stay here for the night.-May / Might / Can / Could I have a talk wi

21、th you ?-Yes, you might / could. -No, you might not / couldnt. No, you may not / cant / mustnt.五. 表示能力 can (過去式could ), 比較 be able toYes, you may / can. 1. 泛指能力(具有知識、技巧、本領(lǐng)而能讀書、游泳、說英語、踢足球等) I could / was able to swim well when I was only ten.2. We had a holiday yesterday, but couldnt / werent able to

22、 go to the seaside. He didnt agree with me at first, but I was able to persuade him. (=managed to persuade )How many children was he able to save from the flood? (=How many children did he succeed in saving from the flood?)總結(jié):指過去某一次能力,肯定陳述句不 用could,而用was/were able to。六. dare (過去式 dared) “敢于He dare n

23、ot go into the building even in the daytime.How dare you ask me such a question?If you dare say that again, you shall be punished.注意: “他黑夜敢進入那幢大樓. He dare go into the building in the dark night. He dares to go into the building in the dark night. He doesnt dare (to ) tell us the truth. 總 結(jié) 1。作情態(tài)動詞,d

24、are不用于肯定陳述句換用 dare to。但在if條件狀語從句肯 定式中常用dare作情態(tài)動詞。2。作實義動詞,dare后面跟帶to不式, 但在否認(rèn)句中to可以省略。七. 表示習(xí)慣性動作或狀態(tài) will 指現(xiàn)在 “往往 、“總是 、“就會 would 指過去 “常常 “總是 (沒暗示現(xiàn)在) used to 指過去 “常常 “總是 (暗示現(xiàn)在不再如此)Hell talk for hours if you give the chance.She would / used to talk with her neighbors as she had breakfast. 八. 情態(tài)動詞shall的其

25、他用法 shall用于二、三人稱,表示說話者的命令、警告、威脅、強制、允諾等; Your money shall be taken away according to the law. Tell him that he shall have the bike tomorrow. 2. Shall用于一、三人稱問句中, 表示征求對方意見或指示. Where shall we meet tomorrow morning? Shall he go now or stay behind? Shall I show you around ?九. will (would)用于各種人稱,表示意愿,意志. I will stick to my plan though all of you are against it. I told him to give up smoking, but he wouldnt listen.十. 情態(tài)動詞 + 完成式動詞 (指過去的動作或情況) may / might have done sth. 可能做過(了) cant / couldnt have done sth. 不可能做了 must have done sth. 準(zhǔn)是做了

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