2023版高三英語主題語境復(fù)習(xí)方案新教案：第2部分 主題群3 子主題6　社會(熱點)問題

1、 子主題(六)社會(熱點)問題閱讀理解A(2020全國卷C)With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤獨)，more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet，for Nick Bright at least，leads straight to his motherinlaw：she lives on the ground floor，while he lives upstairs

2、 with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a threestorey Victorian house in Bristolone of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.They share a front door and a washing machine，but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen，b

3、athroom，bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in：“We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his motherinlaw.”And what does Nick think？“From my standpoint，it all seems to wor

4、k very well.Would I recommend it？Yes，I think I would.”Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him，but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325，000 in

5、 2001 to 419，000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common.Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home，if they ever left.It is said that about 20% of 2534yearolds live with their parents，compared with 16% in 1991.Th

6、e total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.In India，particularly outside cities，young women are expected to move in with their husbands f

7、amily when they get married.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了隨著年輕人生活壓力的增大以及老年人孤獨感的增加，越來越多的英國家庭選擇幾世同堂，且這已成為一種趨勢。1Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?ANick.BRita.CKathryn.DThe daughters.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Four years ago they all moved into a threestorey Victorian house in Bristol.but Rita Whitehe

8、ad has her own kitchen，bathroom，bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，在布里斯托爾的維多利亞時代的房子里，Rita住在一樓，故選B。2What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his motherinlaw?APositive.BCarefree.CTolerant.DUnwilling.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well.Would I reco

9、mmend it？Yes，I think I would.”可以判斷，Nick對于與岳母住在一起持積極的態(tài)度，故選A。carefree無憂無慮的；tolerant寬容的；unwilling不情愿的。3What is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on?AFamily traditions.BFinancial reports.CPublished statistics.DPublic opinions.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Official reports suggest that the numb

10、er of households with three generations living together had risen from 325，000 in 2001 to 419，000 in 2013.”和第七段中的“It is said that about 20% of 2534yearolds.about 1.8 million.”可知，作者通過羅列數(shù)據(jù)來說明幾世同堂家庭的情況，故C項“公布的數(shù)據(jù)”正確。4What is the text mainly about?ALifestyles in different countries.BConflicts between gen

11、erations.CA housing problem in Britain.DA rising trend of living in the UK.D主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文中心句“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation (孤獨)，more families are choosing to live together.”可知，本文主要介紹了近年來英國人選擇幾世同堂的趨勢在上升，故選D。B(2019全國卷C)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beac

12、hs Bar Louie counter by herself，quietly reading her ebook as she waits for her salad.What is she reading？None of your business！Lunch is Bechtels “me” time.And like more Americans，shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half(53 percent)have breakfast

13、 alone and nearly half (46 percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book.Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm B

14、each，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazo

15、leny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a firstname basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流)“I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week，”he said.“Its

16、a chance for selfreflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over.Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at t

17、he table.“It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，”said Laurie Demeritt，whose company provided the statistics for the report.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了現(xiàn)在的美國人多數(shù)喜歡獨自一人吃飯，他們喜歡這種獨處帶來的自由。5What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 about?AFood variety.BEating habits.CTable manne

18、rs.DRestaurant service.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的大部分人獨自吃早飯或午飯，一起吃晚飯的數(shù)據(jù)可知，這是對美國人的飲食習(xí)慣進行了調(diào)查，故答案為B。6Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?ATo meet with her coworkers.BTo catch up with her work.CTo have some time on her own.DTo collect data for her report.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“I just wanted some time to myself(我只是想給

19、自己一點兒時間)”可知，Bechtel更喜歡出去吃午飯的原因是想擁有自己的時間，故答案為C。7What do we know about Mazoleny?AHe makes videos for the bar.BHes fond of the food at the bar.CHe interviews customers at the bar.DHes familiar with the barkeeper.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的Mazoleny可定位到第四段，“.chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a firstname basis if

20、he wants to have a little interaction.”中的on a firstname basis的意思是“關(guān)系好，可以直呼其名”，由此可知Mazoleny與酒吧服務(wù)員很熟，故答案為D。8What is the text mainly about?AThe trend of having meals alone.BThe importance of selfreflection.CThe stress from working overtime.DThe advantage of wireless technology.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一、三、四段的例子，第二段的數(shù)

21、據(jù)以及最后一段中的第一句“That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.”再次提及的eat alone可知，本文主要說了獨自用餐已經(jīng)逐漸成為一種趨勢，故答案為A。C(2019北京卷C)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know.By next year，half of the calls we receive will b

22、e scams(欺詐)We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately，its too little，too late.By the time these “solutions”(解決方案)become widely available，scammers will have m

23、oved onto cleverer means.In the near future，its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 處理 ) and automation technologies

24、 that are about to become widely available for anyone to use.At this years I/O Conference，a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing humansounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely t

25、o make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.A decade of data breaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name，and far more.Armed with this knowle

26、dge, theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.This means, for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers，tricking you into “confirming” your address，mothers nam

27、e，and card number.Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit.A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom netw

28、orks.Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by，or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards databased commu

29、nicationsusing apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。語音操作與自動化技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)使得機器人電話可以以假亂真，語音操作和自動化技術(shù)發(fā)展會使得機器人電話產(chǎn)生的問題更加嚴重。9How does the author feel about the sol

30、utions to problem of robocalls?APanicked.BConfused.CEmbarrassed.DDisappointed.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately, its too little, too

31、 late.By the time these solutions(解決方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知，在這些“解決方案”被廣泛使用的時候，騙子就會有更高明的手段。由此推知，作者認為這些“解決辦法”對于解決問題起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D選項正確。10Taking advantage of the new technologies，scammers can _Aaim at victims preciselyBdamage databases easily

32、Cstart campaigns rapidlyDspread information widelyA細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.A decade of data breaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name, and far more.Armed wit

33、h this knowledge, theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.”根據(jù)這些可知，利用這種新的技術(shù)，欺詐者們可以精確的確定他們行騙的目標。故A選項正確。11What does the passage imply?AHonesty is the best policy.BTechnologies can be doubleedged.CThere are more solutions than problems.DCredibility holds the key to devel

34、opment.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，這項語音技術(shù)可以產(chǎn)生一個聽起來和人類非常相似的聲音，它可以和接待員進行交談，進行預(yù)訂。由此可知，這項新技術(shù)有其好的方面。根據(jù)第三段的敘述可知，欺詐者們可以利用這項新技術(shù)來進行欺詐行為。由此推知，這項新技術(shù)既可以發(fā)揮好的作用，也可能為壞人所利用，產(chǎn)生不好的影響，因此可以說它是一把雙刃劍。故B選項正確。12Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?AWhere the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedBWho Is to Blame f

35、or the Problem of RobocallsCWhy Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousDHow Robocalls Are Affecting the World of TechnologyC標題歸納題。第一段提到：問題在未來會變得越來越嚴重，不僅僅是出現(xiàn)在你的手機屏幕上的電話號碼令人懷疑，而且你會質(zhì)疑聽到的聲音是否是真的。第二段介紹原因：語音操作與自動化技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)使得機器人電話可以以假亂真。第三段介紹了語音操作和自動化技術(shù)發(fā)展會使得機器人電話產(chǎn)生的問題更加嚴重。最后兩段提出我們該如何應(yīng)對這些問題。綜上，文章第一段點明文章中心：機器人

36、電話問題在未來會變得越來越嚴重。下文都是圍繞這一話題展開的。故C選項適合作標題。完形填空(2019浙江卷)There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.Usually, the 1 the idea is, the more it gets noticed.And thats precisely why one 2 Frenchman has caught our attention.Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving 3 on discarded(丟棄)food

37、.The threemonth，1，900mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchets 4 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.As you can 5 ， the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants 6 tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of 7 garbage containers, health

38、 regulations, or business policies.Only about one in ten places 8 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal 9 ， most restaurants have a policy against 10 food waste.“Some people have even 11 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.Whats 12 interesting is the attitude various cities

39、have toward Dubanchets cause.Berlin has been the 13 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There, he had to 14 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 15 is all the more serious when you consider the 16 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.“I have

40、 to get food 17 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 18 ，”Dubanchet explained.“Is my 19 full or empty? That is the most important thing, not what I am eating.”He aims to 20 his journey by midJuly.With any luck, hell turn a few more heads in the process.【語篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了法國人Bap

41、tiste Dubanchet騎著自行車穿越歐洲，完全靠丟棄的食物生存，試圖通過他的行動，來喚起人們對食物浪費現(xiàn)象的關(guān)注。1AclevererBolderCstrangerDsimplerC考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“Usually, the _ the idea is, the more it gets noticed.”可知這里意思是通常，這個觀點越奇怪，它就會越受到關(guān)注。故選C。2AgarbageeatingBsportslovingCfoodwastingDlawbreakingA考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, s

42、urviving _ on discarded(丟棄) food.”可知這里意思是那就是為什么一個“吃垃圾”的法國人引起了我們的注意。故選A。3AsecretlyBfinallyCentirelyDprobablyC考查副詞辨析。句意：Baptiste Dubanchet騎著自行車穿越歐洲，完全靠丟棄的食物生存。故選C。4ApurposeBwayCopinionDdreamB考查名詞辨析。句意：從巴黎到華沙歷時三個月、1 900英里的旅程，是Dubanchet引起歐洲和全世界對食物浪費這一現(xiàn)象關(guān)注的方式。故選B。5AobserveBimagineCsuggestDrememberB考查動詞辨析

43、。句意：你可以想象，這次旅行不是小菜一碟。故選B。6AstoreBcookCshop forDthrow awayD考查動詞和動詞短語辨析。句意：雖然餐館每年扔掉大量的食物，但由于垃圾容器上鎖、衛(wèi)生規(guī)定或商業(yè)政策，很多食物仍然難以接近。故選D。7AlockedBdamagedCconnectedDabandonedA考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“it remains inaccessible”可知這里意思是垃圾容器上鎖。故選A。8AboughtBofferedCorderedDsoldB考查動詞辨析。句意：只有大約十分之一的地方給他提供了食物，否則就會被丟棄。故選B。9AreasonsBrightsC

44、feesDaidsA考查名詞辨析。句意：由于法律原因，大多數(shù)餐館都有禁止浪費食物的政策。故選A。10Abegging forBgiving awayChidingDcausingB考查動詞和動詞短語辨析。句意：由于法律原因，大多數(shù)餐館都有禁止分發(fā)食物殘渣的政策。故選B。11AdidBkeptCacceptedDriskedD考查動詞辨析。上文說由于法律原因，大多數(shù)餐館都有禁止分發(fā)食物殘渣的政策?？芍@里意思是有些人甚至冒著失業(yè)的危險給我食物。故選D。12AhardlyBusuallyCparticularlyDmerelyC考查副詞辨析。句意：特別有趣的是各個城市對Dubanchet事件的態(tài)度

45、。故選C。13AeasiestBnearestCbiggestDrichestA考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen”可知這里意思是柏林是最容易的。故選A。14AworkBshoutCaskDjumpC考查動詞辨析。句意：在那里，他必須在大約50家不同的商店或餐館詢問，才能找到食物。故選C。15AcompetitionBconversationCconflictDchallengeD考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)你考慮到從法國騎自行車到波蘭所需要的高強度運動時，挑戰(zhàn)就更加嚴峻了。故選D。16AadequateB

46、rewardingCdemandingDsuitableC考查形容詞辨析。句意見上題。故選C。17AagainBaloneClaterDfastD考查副詞辨析。句意：我必須快點吃東西，因為騎了那么久的自行車，我累了，我需要能量。故選D。18AspiritBenergyCtimeDeffortB考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)“because after all the biking I am tired”可知我需要能量。故選B。19AstomachBhandCpocketDbasketA考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)“That is the most important thing, not what I am eat

47、ing.”可知這里意思是我的胃是滿的還是空的。故選A。20AarrangeBrestartCreportDfinishD考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)“With any luck, hell turn a few more heads in the process.”可知這里意思是他計劃在七月中旬結(jié)束他的旅行。故選D。1isolation n隔離；孤立2float v提出3indicate vt.表明；指出；預(yù)示4particularly adv.尤其5attitude n態(tài)度，觀點6positive adj.積極的，陽性的7statistics n數(shù)據(jù)8awkward adj.尷尬的9actually

48、adv.實際上10conference n會議11precision n精確，精度12individually adv.個別地，單獨地13insecure adj.不安全的；不穩(wěn)定的14uniform n制服 adj.統(tǒng)一的15inaccessible adj.難達到的；難接近的16otherwise adv.否則；另外；在其他方面17conflict n矛盾，沖突1afford vt.買得起；給予，提供2share v分享 n份額3total n總數(shù) adj.全部的4unwilling adj.不樂意的5escape v逃脫6provide v提供7intend v意欲，打算1compare

49、 v比較comparison n比較2tolerant adj.容忍的tolerance n忍受3tradition n傳統(tǒng)traditional adj.傳統(tǒng)的4choose v選擇choice n選擇5reserve v預(yù)訂reservation n預(yù)訂，預(yù)留6confirm v確認，證實confirmation n證實7credible adj.可信的credibility n相信8regulate v控制，管理regulation n.條例；規(guī)程1none of your business 沒你的事2according to 根據(jù)，按照3catch up with 趕上4be abou

50、t to 正要5carry out 實施，實行即時演練單句語法填空1Therefore，I was unwilling(willing) to communicate with others in case I lost face.2We could not afford to overlook(overlook) such a serious offence.3The dancers incredible(credible) performance had the audience on its feet clapping for 10 minutes at the end of the s

51、how.4Its reported that the astronauts will carry out a serious of scientific experiments in space.5They managed to escape (escape) from the burning building by breaking open the door.6Frustrated by frequent failures in my English exams, I found myself on the point of giving up totally (total)7Howeve

52、r, he made efforts to catch up with others, and made progress little by little.8I was about to hand in the paper when I found another mistake and then corrected it carefully.9(2019北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never

53、too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful college experience.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.提出2From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well.奏效；有作用3Stories like that are more common in parts of the world

54、where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.根深蒂固.似易實難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left.譯文更多的成年孩子返回到父母所在的家，如果他們曾經(jīng)搬出去過的話。2And like more Americans，shes not alone.譯文而且更多的美國人都像她這樣。.復(fù)雜晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1Bechtel, who works in downtown West Pal

55、m Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk.分析主句結(jié)構(gòu)是Bechtel has lunch, but works through lunch，who 引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾Bechtel。譯文貝克特爾在西棕櫚海灘市中心工作，她偶爾和同事共進午餐，但是，就像我們很多人那樣，更多時候是在辦公桌旁邊工作邊吃午餐。2At this years I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice te

56、chnology able to produce such a convincing humansounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.分析主句為a company showed a new voice technology，able to produce 是形容詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)作定語修飾 voice technology，such a convincing humansounding voice 是produce的賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，that引導(dǎo)狀語

57、從句，構(gòu)成“such.that.”句型，表示“如此以至于”，that從句中是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即it was able to speak.。譯文在今年的I/O會議上，一家公司展示了一種新的語音技術(shù)，能夠制作逼真的人的聲音，可以跟接待員交流并預(yù)訂房間，而不被察覺。3This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers, tr

58、icking you into “confirming” your address, mothers name, and card number.分析本句主句為this means that., 第一個that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，賓語從句中主語是a scammer，謂語是could call.and talk to.。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作介詞from的賓語。using a voice是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作talk to you的狀語， 第二個that引導(dǎo)定語從句that sounds exactly like your bank tellers修飾voice, tricking you.是現(xiàn)在分詞短語

59、作狀語，修飾主句動詞could call.and talk.。譯文這意味著，比如，詐騙分子可以用一個你看起來很熟悉的號碼給你打電話，用一個聽起來完全像銀行柜員的嗓音和你說話，欺騙你“確認”你的地址，母親的名字和銀行卡號。4That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards databased communic

60、ationsusing apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.分析本句主語是That, 謂語might mean，其余都是mean的賓語。賓語是由either.or.連接的兩組動名詞賓語結(jié)構(gòu)組成。第一組中，developing a uniform way是mean的賓語，但showing.是狀語，when and who引導(dǎo)showing的賓語從句；第二組中，abandoning.和moving.都是mean的賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，但是using apps.則是動詞moving 的狀語。which引導(dǎo)定語從句修