高考專(zhuān)項(xiàng)講解-冠詞

1、冠詞考綱解讀1. 定冠詞，不定冠詞，零冠詞的基本用法；2. 冠詞在習(xí)語(yǔ)及固定句型中的使用；3. 冠詞的活用；4. 有無(wú)冠詞的意義及區(qū)別；5. 抽象名詞具體化，專(zhuān)有名詞普通化，物質(zhì)名詞個(gè)體化時(shí)與冠詞的使用。命題趨勢(shì)2012年高考將對(duì)繼續(xù)把冠詞基本用法的考查作為重點(diǎn)；而對(duì)冠詞活用及習(xí)慣搭配作為考查難點(diǎn)。難點(diǎn)突破1. 在備考過(guò)程中，應(yīng)充分重視對(duì)最基本冠詞知識(shí)的掌握理解，同時(shí)注意冠詞的活用問(wèn)題。2. 冠詞的用法復(fù)雜，學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要把握其要害：弄清句子中的單數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞以及泛指、特指、類(lèi)指、專(zhuān)指概念。3. 做題時(shí)，首先搞清名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，是特指還是泛指，注意復(fù)數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞表泛指時(shí)前面

2、不用任何冠詞，單數(shù)名詞前需加冠詞。4. 要注意高考中所考查的冠詞用法往往要放在語(yǔ)境中考慮，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要注意冠詞的特殊用法，如序數(shù)詞前用aan表示“又一”、“再一”；a用在most前，most等于very等知識(shí)點(diǎn)。只有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，才能從容不迫地去應(yīng)對(duì)高考。1.定冠詞：英語(yǔ)中常用來(lái)表特指，意思相當(dāng)于this(these)/ that(those)的前位限定詞the是定冠詞。The walkman you bought me early this month works well.這個(gè)月初你給我買(mǎi)的那個(gè)隨身聽(tīng)很好用（1）不定冠詞有a/ an 兩種形式，當(dāng)緊挨著冠詞的第一個(gè)音素為輔音音素（注意：不是輔

3、音字母）時(shí)用a；當(dāng)緊挨著冠詞的第一個(gè)音素為元音音素（注意：不是元音字母）時(shí)用an。如：a university , a useful animal, a one-eyed dog, a European car, an hour, an honest boy, an X-ray, an ugly man, an honor等。（2）表示one, the same, a certain 或every的意思。如:They are of an age.(=the same age)他們同歲。I earned 10 dollars an hour.（=every hour）我小時(shí)掙10美元。I wil

4、l return in a day or two.（=one day or two）我一兩天后回來(lái)。Hi，John. A Mr. Smith is waiting for you outside（=a certain）嗨！約翰，一個(gè)叫史密斯的先生在外面等你。（3）有些不可數(shù)名詞如knowledge, collection, understanding等是由其動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的，它們后面加of時(shí)，前面需用不定冠詞a/ an。如：Her new book is a collection of short stories.她的新書(shū)是一部短篇小說(shuō)集。（4）與不定冠詞連用的習(xí)語(yǔ)。如：have a cold,

5、 have a good/happy time, have a holiday，have a gift for, have a word with, have/take a rest, keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, at a mouthful，at a distance, for a while, once upon a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, get an education, get a ride/lift, have a popula

6、tion of, a waste of, a matter of, go on a diet，with a score of等。如：This picture looks beautiful at a distance.保持一定距離，這幅圖看上去很漂亮。Tom，I want to have a talk with you.湯姆，我想和你談?wù)?。?）不定冠詞的特殊位置：quite/rather/+a/an（+adj.）+單數(shù)名詞；what/such/half+a/an+單數(shù)名詞；rather/so/as/too/how/however+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞；many a/an+單數(shù)名詞：許

7、多；not a/an+單數(shù)名詞：不止一個(gè)。如：He is quite a kind guy.他是一個(gè)相當(dāng)好的人。He is as great a man as ever lived.他和世上任何偉人一樣偉大。However clever a student he is，he should follow the teachers instructions now.無(wú)論這位學(xué)生多聰明，他現(xiàn)在都要聽(tīng)老師的話(huà)。2不定冠詞：a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源，常表類(lèi)別，被修飾詞具有不確定的含義，是“其中一個(gè)”的意思。a用于輔音音素前，而an則用于元音音素前。a/an叫做不定冠詞。Id like a pair

8、 of sunglasses to protect my eyes. 我想要副太陽(yáng)鏡保護(hù)眼睛。（1）用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表一家人。如：The Greens are at table.格林一家在吃飯。The Chens are going to move to LangFang. 姓陳的一家要搬到廊坊去。 （2）用在年代、朝代名詞及逢十的數(shù)詞（表某個(gè)年代）前。如：the Tang Dynasty， the Spring and Autumn Period， in the 1990s（3）用在表量度單位的名詞前，表示“每一”。I have hired the car by the hour.我已按小時(shí)

9、租了這輛車(chē)。Eggs are sold by the dozen.雞蛋論打賣(mài)。（4）用在句型“動(dòng)詞+sb.+介詞+the +身體某一部位”中的the 不可用人稱(chēng)代詞代替。如：take sb. by the arm抓某人的手臂。hit sb. in the face打某人的臉。此外，在be red in the face（臉紅），be lame in the right leg（右腿瘸），be blind in the eye（眼瞎）等結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前要用the。（5）用在某些固定詞組中。如：make the most of（充分利用）；in the daytime; by the day; in

10、 the end; in the habit of; not in the least（=not at all）；in the distance; in the way（擋道）； on the whole（總之）； on the right/left; on the other hand; at the same time; at the moment; go to the cinema/theatre; go to the doctors; for the time being（暫時(shí)）；on the radio/phone（通過(guò)無(wú)線(xiàn)電/電話(huà)）；on the spot；to tell the

11、truth；by the way（6）定冠詞的特殊位置：在名詞詞組中，定冠詞一般放在最前面，但名詞詞組中如果有exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both, off等修飾時(shí)，定冠詞要放在這些詞后面。如：exactly the same color相同的顏色。just the right place就在這個(gè)地方。half the story故事的一半。double the amount雙倍的數(shù)量。3. 零冠詞：（1）不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，用零冠詞。如：Father went to his doctor for advice about his

12、heart trouble.父親去了醫(yī)生那里尋求關(guān)于他的心臟病的建議。Horses are useful animals.馬是有用的動(dòng)物。請(qǐng)牢記一下用零冠詞的口訣：月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲、呼語(yǔ)、頭銜、職務(wù)前；三餐、球類(lèi)、慣用語(yǔ)，學(xué)科、棋類(lèi)名詞前。如：A year can be divided into four seasonsspring，summer，autumn and winter.一年可以分為四季春、夏、秋、冬。He has no lessons on Sunday.他周日沒(méi)有課。Mr. Li is chairman of the meeting.李先生是本次會(huì)議的主席。（2）（呼語(yǔ)、

13、頭銜的名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用零冠詞）系動(dòng)詞turn（變成）后的單數(shù)名詞作表語(yǔ)，用零冠詞。如：Has he turned scientist？他成為科學(xué)家了嗎？Nothing can make me turn traitor against my country.什么都不能使我背叛祖國(guó)。（3）在as/ though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中?！傲愎谠~+單數(shù)名詞+as/though+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，主句”，意為“雖然/盡管.，但是”。如：Hero as he is，he has some shortcomings.雖然他是英雄，他也有很多缺點(diǎn)。在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的某一形式中。如：The teacher

14、came in，book in hand（=with a book in his hand/holding a book in his hand/a book held in his hand）.老師進(jìn)來(lái)了，手里拿著一本書(shū)。與零冠詞連用的短語(yǔ)：pen and ink（筆墨）；master and servant（主仆）；at noon/dawn/daybreak/dust/night/midnight；on second thoughts；no such boy；come to light；come to power（=take office）；give birth to；in case of

15、；come/rank first；out of work/order/control/date/patience（沒(méi)有耐心）/mind/money/question/reach/breath/danger；in use/danger/public；ahead of time；in debt；under repair；day and night；husband and wife；father and son；sun and moon；side by side；shoulder to shoulder；from morning till night；hand in hand；by weight；b

16、y mistake；in place of；by law；on board；at war；every few days；catch fire；face to face；for certain冠詞慣用語(yǔ)一、不定冠詞have a cold, 感冒 have a good/happy time, 有一個(gè)好的/快樂(lè)的時(shí)光have a holiday，休假 have a gift for, 對(duì)有天賦have a word with, 和談幾句話(huà) have/take a rest, 休息keep a diary, 寫(xiě)日記 in a hurry, 匆忙once in a while, 偶爾，有時(shí) at a

17、loss, 茫然，困惑at a mouthful，一口 at a distance,在遠(yuǎn)處for a while,暫時(shí) once upon a time, 從前all of a sudden, 突然地 tell a lie, 說(shuō)謊do sb. a favor,給某人幫助 get an education, 受教育get a ride/lift,搭便車(chē) have a population of, 擁有.人口a waste of,浪費(fèi). a matter of, .的問(wèn)題go on a diet，減肥 with a score of以 . 的分?jǐn)?shù)例句：The audience were fixin

18、g their attention on the performance but all of a sudden the electricity was cut off. 觀(guān)眾們正聚精會(huì)神地欣賞著表演，突然停電了。Tom，I want to have a talk with you.湯姆，我想和你談?wù)劇６ü谠~make the most of（充分利用）；in the daytime; 在白天by the day; 按日計(jì)算 in the end; 最后in the habit of; 有.的習(xí)慣 not in the least（=not at all）；不在in the distance;

19、 在遠(yuǎn)方 in the way；擋道 on the whole；總之 on the right/left;在右/左邊on the other hand;另一方面 at the same time; 同時(shí)at the moment; 此刻 go to the cinema/theatre;去看電影/劇院go to the doctors; 去看醫(yī)生 for the time being；暫時(shí)on the radio/phone；通過(guò)無(wú)線(xiàn)電/電話(huà) on the spot；在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)to tell the truth；說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà) by the way；順便例句：I go to the cinema, the theatre, the circus, the ballet and the opera to make my life colorful.我去看電影、戲劇、馬戲、芭蕾舞和歌劇，以此充實(shí)自己的生活。三零冠詞master and servant；主仆 Pen and ink；筆墨on sec