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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川外國(guó)語大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.填空題
I’msorry,butIdon’thave(1)tothatsortofinformation.Perhapsifyouconsultmycolleaguesupstairs,theycan(2)you.
【答案】
Normal
0
7.8磅
0
2
false
false
false
EN-US
ZH-CN
X-NONE
1.access;
2.help
【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空為固定用法,haveaccessto有權(quán)查看或使用。
2.語義題。第二空應(yīng)填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形,句意:如果你咨詢我同事,他們會(huì)幫助你。此處填入help“幫助”符合句意。
2.單選題
Respectforthelawisthefoundationofcivilizedliving.()breaksitwillbepunished.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Who
B.Nomatterwho
C.Whoever
D.Peoplewho
【答案】C
【解析】語法題。如果選A,此處缺少先行詞;如果選D缺少連詞;nomatterwho引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,句子表達(dá)需完整;whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,可放于句首,符合題意。
3.單選題
Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractionwithotherpeopleenjoyablewouldbeimitatedascloselyaspossible,andthemachinewouldappeartobecharming,andeasygoing.Itsinformalconversationalstylewouldmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintonatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.
Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.
Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatpeopleobtainfrominterpersonalfriendships.Themachinewouldparticipateininterestingconversationthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser’slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?
2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)()way.
3.WhichofthefollowingaspectsisNOTmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?
4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris()inhisattitudetowardsthecomputer.
5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Activeincommunication
B.Attractiveinpersonality
C.Enjoyableinperformance
D.Unpredictableinbehaviour
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.quick
B.unpredictable
C.productive
D.inconspicuous
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.
B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.
C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson’slife.
D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.favourable
B.critical
C.vague
D.hesitant
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Artificialrelationships
B.Howtoformintimaterelationships
C.Theaffectionatemachine
D.Humansandcomputers
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:以下那個(gè)選項(xiàng)不是理想陪伴機(jī)器的特征?根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“idealcompanionmachine”,可以定位到文章第一段,由第一段第三句話Itsinformalconversationalstylewouldmakeinteractioncomfortable(它隨意的談話風(fēng)格會(huì)讓互動(dòng)變得舒適),可知A選項(xiàng)“積極地溝通”,符合題意;由第一段最后一句話itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.(它有時(shí)會(huì)主動(dòng)開展或改變?cè)掝},并有自己的個(gè)性。),可知B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)性有吸引力”,符合題意;由第一段第二句話Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractionwithotherpeopleenjoyablewouldbeimitatedascloselyaspossible,andthemachinewouldappeartobecharming,andeasygoing.(機(jī)器會(huì)盡可能地模仿那些使與他人互動(dòng)變得愉快的品質(zhì),迷人而又隨和。),可知C選項(xiàng)“表現(xiàn)上使人愉悅”,符合題意。由第一段第三句話themachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(機(jī)器行為可以預(yù)知),要注意限定詞slightly“微小地”的使用。所以D選項(xiàng)“行為不可預(yù)知”,表述錯(cuò)誤。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:機(jī)器會(huì)以_______的方式發(fā)展和人類的友情。由題干定位到文章第二段第三句話Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.(整個(gè)過程將以一種微妙的方式完成,以避免給人留下過分熟悉的印象而產(chǎn)生憤怒。),可知友誼建立的過程是一個(gè)細(xì)微的、難以察覺的過程,所以D選項(xiàng)“難以察覺的,不引人注意的”,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“迅速的”,B選項(xiàng)“不可預(yù)測(cè)的”,C選項(xiàng)“富有成效的”,均不符合題意。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:當(dāng)文章討論人工關(guān)系的好處時(shí),下面哪個(gè)方面沒有提到?由題干定位到文章最后一段,由最后一段第二句話Themachinewouldparticipateininterestingconversationthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.(機(jī)器會(huì)參與到一段有趣的對(duì)話中,接上之前的討論),可知A選項(xiàng)“能接起一段有趣的對(duì)話”,是人工關(guān)系的好處之一;由最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.(計(jì)算機(jī)本身個(gè)性活潑,令人印象深刻,它將根據(jù)用戶的個(gè)性給予回應(yīng)。),可知D選項(xiàng)“個(gè)性開朗、適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)”,符合題意;由最后一段第三句話Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser’slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.(就像早期接觸顯示的那樣,它對(duì)用戶的生活有一種熟悉感,它也善解人意,幽默風(fēng)趣。),可知C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)人類的日常生活”,表述正確,而B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)之前的接觸敏感”,表達(dá)的意思不符合,屬于對(duì)這句話的斷章取義,所以B選項(xiàng)不正確。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。
4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干:在全文中,作者對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)的態(tài)度是_______。從文章最后一句Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.(有了這些功能,這臺(tái)機(jī)器可能真的會(huì)成為一個(gè)非常有吸引力的社交伙伴。),可以看出作者對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)的態(tài)度是贊許的,文章中也多次使用了褒義形容詞:ideal,friendly,enjoyable,benefits,good-humored等等,所以本題應(yīng)該選擇A選項(xiàng)“贊許的”;B選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)的”,C選項(xiàng)“模糊的”,D選項(xiàng)“猶豫的”,都不是作者對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)的態(tài)度。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。
5.主旨大意題。題干:哪一個(gè)可能是這篇文章最合適的標(biāo)題?文章第一段表明電腦是理想的陪伴機(jī)器,與它交流會(huì)感到幽默輕松,它還能有自己的觀點(diǎn)和建議。第二段文中提到了電腦會(huì)以一種不令人察覺的方式使人類接受這段友情。第三段提到電腦的人類的關(guān)系有各種各樣的好處。綜合整篇文章,可見電腦和人之間的友情,所以C選項(xiàng)“深情的機(jī)器”,比較貼合題意;B選項(xiàng)“如何形成親密的關(guān)系”,整篇文章都在描述機(jī)器人和人類的關(guān)系,而B選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文章中沒有涉及,所以排除。A選項(xiàng)“人工關(guān)系”和D選項(xiàng)“人類和電腦”,涉及的面廣泛,文章沒有全面說明。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。
4.單選題
TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.
Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe“auditorium”.Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect—successinhuntorballet,thecomingrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.
Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
2.Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheatreandritual?
4.Theword“considerable”underlinedinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“(
)".
5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theoriginsoftheatre.
B.Theroleofritualinmodemdance
C.Theimportanceofstorytelling
D.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Thereasondramaisoftenunpredictable.
B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.
C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramaticplots.
D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydrama.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Dance.
B.Costumes.
C.Music
D.Magic.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.thoughtful
B.substantial
C.relational
D.ceremonial
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.
B.Ritualisshorterthandrama.
C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.
D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章主要討論什么?’。文章前兩段介紹了一種被廣泛接受的一個(gè)理論,即戲劇是從儀式演變而來的。在最后一段還介紹了兩種有關(guān)戲劇起源的不同理論,一個(gè)是認(rèn)為戲劇起源于人類對(duì)講故事的興趣,另一個(gè)將戲劇的起源追溯到舞蹈。所以全文圍繞著“戲劇的起源”這一主題展開,A選項(xiàng)‘戲劇的起源’正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘作者在第一段中討論了戲劇的哪些方面?’。根據(jù)文章第一段中的最后一句“Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.隨著時(shí)間的推移,一些儀式被廢棄了,但這些后來被稱為神話的故事流傳下來,為藝術(shù)和戲劇提供了素材?!贝_定作者在文章第一段討論了神話和戲劇情節(jié)之間的關(guān)系,所以C選項(xiàng)‘神話和戲劇性情節(jié)之間的聯(lián)系’正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘以下哪一項(xiàng)不被提及為戲劇和儀式的共同元素?’。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來的人也認(rèn)為,這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子,因?yàn)橐魳?、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用?!贝_定A‘舞蹈’、B‘服裝’和C‘音樂’都有提及,D選項(xiàng)的“巫術(shù)”沒有提及,符合題意。
4.詞匯題。題干詢問‘第2段下劃線的“considerable”一詞在意義上最接近…’?!癱onsiderable”出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第三句話中,修飾名詞“importance重要性”,句意是‘由于在儀式的制定過程中避免錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)生受到了……重視,宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)?!鶕?jù)“avoidingmistakes避免錯(cuò)誤”以及“religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask通常是宗教領(lǐng)袖來承擔(dān)該項(xiàng)任務(wù)”可以確定B選項(xiàng)‘大量的’。正確
5.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)這篇文章,儀式和戲劇的主要區(qū)別是什么?’。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來的人也認(rèn)為,這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子,因?yàn)橐魳?、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用?!贝_定A選項(xiàng)‘儀式用音樂,而戲劇不用’不正確。B項(xiàng)“宗教儀式比戲劇短”與C項(xiàng)“宗教儀式相比戲劇有更少的表演者”在文中沒有提及;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.最終,這種戲劇性的表現(xiàn)形式從宗教活動(dòng)中分離了出來?!贝_定D項(xiàng)“宗教儀式有一個(gè)宗教目的,而戲劇沒有”正確。
5.翻譯題
在中國(guó)人的心目中,似乎沒有一部書可以與《紅樓夢(mèng)》比肩,它既可以擁有億萬的讀者,也帶有眾多的謎團(tuán)。它是中國(guó)古典小說的巔峰之作,有一般文化的人都可以讀懂它,但是即便很有學(xué)問的人也不敢說盡解某奧妙……也正因?yàn)槿绱?,近一百多年來,它被翻譯成多種文字,在國(guó)外贏得越來越多的讀者,為傳播中國(guó)文化起到了積極的作用。
【答案】AsforChinesepeople,“ADreamofRedMansions”isthegreatestbookthatnobookcancomparewithandhundredsofmillionsofpeopleliketoread.Andtherearealsomanymysteriesinthisbook.ItrepresentsthepinnacleofChineseclassicalnovelsandpeoplewhoarehalfeducatedcanreadandunderstandit.Butsomelearnedpeopledon’tdaretoexplainsubtletiescontainedinit…Thus,ithasbeentranslatedintovariouslanguagesforabout100yearsandacceptedmoreandmoreforeignreaders,whichplaysanactiveroleinspreadingChineseculture.
6.翻譯題
Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscientistsbuttheirformandfunction,theirstructuresandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventorsandengineersusingnonscientificmodesofthought.
TillieOlsen'sfictionandessayshavebeenwidelyandrightlyacknowledgedasmajorcontributionstoAmericanliterature,andherworkhasbeenparticularlyvaluedbycontemporaryfeminists.
Thatsexratiowillbefavoredwhichmaximizesthenumberofdescendantsanindividualwillhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted.
Doctorsaremenwhoprescribemedicinesofwhichtheyknewlittle,tocurediseasesofwhichtheyknewless,inhumanbeingsofwhomtheyknewnothing.
Thiswasthedilemmaoftherottenrulingclasswhoseideologyhadbeendiscreditedandwhosepowerrestedonliesandbruteforce.
BeingbornfemaleandblackweretwohandicapsGwendolynBrooksstatesthatshefacedfromherbirth,in1917,inKansas.
Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.
Wemustcheektheconclusioninpractice,andshouldnotblindlyrelyonsuchaswasreachedmerelybycalculation.
Shewaswaitingforus,herfiguredefinedbythelightfromthehalf-openeddoor.
Americanswhowouldbepatriotsmusttrytolearnwhatitisthattheyhaveincommon,whatitisinthepublicthatisworthcherishingandpreserving;untiltheyknowthat,theirpatriotismwillhavenomorecontentthanabright,loudafternoonparade.
【答案】許多日常使用中的物品顯然受到了科學(xué)家的影響,但它們的形狀、功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和外觀是由技術(shù)人員、工藝人員、設(shè)計(jì)師、發(fā)明者和工程師根據(jù)非科學(xué)的思維方式?jīng)Q定的。
TillieOlsen的小說和散文被公認(rèn)為對(duì)美國(guó)文學(xué)做出了重要貢獻(xiàn),她的作品尤其受到當(dāng)代女性主義者的重視。
該性別比例將有利于使個(gè)體后代的數(shù)量最大化,并因此使所傳遞的基因復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)量最大化。
醫(yī)生是指這樣的一種人,他們給完全不了解的病人開自己一無所知的藥物,治療自己一竅不通的疾病。
這就是腐朽的統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的進(jìn)退兩難的處境,他們的意識(shí)形態(tài)被抹黑了,他們的權(quán)力依賴于謊言和野蠻的力量。
1917年,GwendolynBrooks出生于堪薩斯州,她認(rèn)為自出生起就面臨著兩大困難——既是女性,又是黑人。
當(dāng)他瞥見一個(gè)潛在的對(duì)手時(shí),他的本能就是用魅力和幽默來說服他。
我們必須在實(shí)踐中認(rèn)真對(duì)待這個(gè)結(jié)論,而不應(yīng)盲目地依賴那些僅僅是通過算計(jì)而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。
她正在等我們,半開的門里透出光亮,顯出她的身形。
想要成為愛國(guó)者的美國(guó)人必須努力了解他們有什么共同之處,公眾中有什么是值得珍惜和保護(hù)的東西;在知道這些之前,他們的愛國(guó)情懷無非是一場(chǎng)自我炫耀的下午游行而已。
7.單選題
Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat(
)attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.annoyance
B.offence
C.resentment
D.irritation
【答案】B
【解析】句意:記者和攝像師們都因?yàn)檫@個(gè)演員在采訪中的無禮行為而感到被冒犯。
名詞辨析。惱怒,生氣;offence冒犯;常用于短語takeoffenceatsth.表示“因?yàn)槟呈露械奖粋?、被冒犯”;resentment怨恨;irritation憤怒。因此根據(jù)句意及搭配推斷B項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemicofsleepinessinthenation.“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.
Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David.“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.”
Perhapsthemostmercilessrubberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours’sleep.Ifyou’vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.”
Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”
1.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad_______.
2.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans_______.
3.ManyAmericansbelievethat_______.
4.Theword“subjects”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.
5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto_______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.nodriveandambition
B.noelectriclighting
C.thebestsleephabits
D.somethingtodointheevening
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife
B.oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit
C.donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly
D.cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleep
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy
B.theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife
C.tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday
D.enoughsleeppromotespeople’sdriveandambition
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit
B.specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied
C.peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudied
D.thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.improveone’smemorydramatically
B.beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople
C.maintainone’sdailyschedule
D.feelenergeticandperformadequately
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.(我們睡眠不足危機(jī)的開始可以追溯到一個(gè)世紀(jì)前燈泡的發(fā)明。)”以及后文的“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.(當(dāng)天很黑,我們晚上在農(nóng)場(chǎng)無所事事的時(shí)候,最好的睡眠習(xí)慣曾經(jīng)強(qiáng)加在我們身上。)”,由此可知那時(shí)因?yàn)橥砩弦驗(yàn)闆]有照明所以農(nóng)場(chǎng)里沒有事情可做,人們不得不養(yǎng)成了睡9.5個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠習(xí)慣,所以B選項(xiàng)“無電氣照明”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“沒有動(dòng)力和野心”文中沒有提到,C選項(xiàng)“最佳睡眠習(xí)慣”不符合題意;D選項(xiàng)“晚上有事要做”說法錯(cuò)誤,文中說到了他們晚上無事可做。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit...Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.(人們?cè)谒咧凶鞅?,他們甚至沒有意識(shí)到這件事……他們認(rèn)為自己沒事,因?yàn)樗麄冇X得睡6.5個(gè)小時(shí)就夠了,但實(shí)際上他們需要7.5、8個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更多時(shí)間的睡眠才能感到精力充沛)”,由此可知美國(guó)人經(jīng)常睡眠不足,但他們不以為然,甚至忽視睡眠不足的后果,因此B選項(xiàng)“常常忽視睡眠不足的后果”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“即使在生活的壓力下也精力充沛”和C選項(xiàng)“不知道如何適當(dāng)?shù)胤潘勺约骸蔽恼聸]有提到;D選項(xiàng)“只需6.5小時(shí)的睡眠”說法有誤,文章提到他們自認(rèn)為6.5個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠足夠,事實(shí)上是完全不夠的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.(每當(dāng)來自工作、家庭、朋友和社區(qū)的壓力增加時(shí),許多人認(rèn)為睡眠是他的計(jì)劃中最便宜的項(xiàng)目)”,由此可知美國(guó)人常常認(rèn)為在忙碌時(shí),睡眠是第一件可以犧牲的事,因此A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一個(gè)人忙碌時(shí),睡眠是第一件可以犧牲掉的事”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“他們需要更多的睡眠來應(yīng)付日常生活的復(fù)雜性”與原文意思相反,故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)“睡眠是一天中任何時(shí)候都可以做的事”和D選項(xiàng)“充足的睡眠促進(jìn)人們的動(dòng)力和野心”文章沒有提及,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.(為了確定睡眠不足所產(chǎn)生的后果,研究人員讓subjects通過一系列心理和行為的測(cè)試,要求他們把一欄數(shù)字相加或者回憶剛讀過的文章。)”,由該句意思可推斷出subjects應(yīng)該指人。A選項(xiàng)“睡眠缺乏研究中的性能測(cè)試”;B選項(xiàng)“正在研究的特殊知識(shí)分支”;C選項(xiàng)“行為或反應(yīng)被研究的人”;D選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足的心理后果”。其中C選項(xiàng)更符合題意,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段“...theyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.(他們需要7.5、8個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更多時(shí)間的睡眠才能感到精力充沛)”以及最后一段“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers...Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn),如果你睡眠不足,你的表現(xiàn)就會(huì)受到影響……短期記憶被削弱,做決定和集中注意力的能力也被削弱)”,由此可知D選項(xiàng)“感到精力充沛,表現(xiàn)良好”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“明顯提高一個(gè)人的記憶力”;B選項(xiàng)“在別人看來充滿活力”;C選項(xiàng)“保持每天的日程安排”都不符合題意,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
9.單選題
Foreigndisinvestmentandthe(
)ofSouthAfricafromworldcapital
marketsafter1985furtherweakeneditseconomy.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.displacement
B.elimination
C.exclusion
D.exception
【答案】C
【解析】名詞辨析。句意:1985以后,外資撤資以及世界資本市場(chǎng)的(
)使南非經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步削弱。displacement代替;Elimination剔除,消除,消滅;Exclusion排斥;Exception例外。
10.單選題
BecauseJenkinsneither_______nordefendseithermanagementorthestrikingworkers,bothsidesadmirehisjournalistic_______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.criticizes...acumen
B.attacks...neutrality
C.confronts...aptitude
D.dismisses".flair
【答案】B
【解析】criticizes...acumen批評(píng)敏銳;attacks...neutrality攻擊中立性;confronts...aptitude遭遇能力;dismisses…flair解散資質(zhì)。句意:由于Jenkins既不攻擊也不為管理層或罷工工人辯護(hù),雙方都?xì)J佩他的作為新聞工作者的中立。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
11.單選題
(
)ishisowndecision.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Whenleaving
B.Whendoesheleave
C.Whenheleaves
D.Heleaves
【答案】C
【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由空格后“ishisowndecision”的對(duì)應(yīng)知這里缺少主語,故能充當(dāng)主語的C項(xiàng)“Whenheleaves”正確。A項(xiàng)“Whenleaving”屬于時(shí)間狀語;B項(xiàng)“Whendoesheleave”屬于疑問句,不能充當(dāng)主語;D項(xiàng)“Heleaves”中謂語動(dòng)詞“l(fā)eaves”與空格后系動(dòng)詞“is”重復(fù),在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上不正確。選項(xiàng)C正確。
12.翻譯題
隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和城市化水平的提高,未來的能源消費(fèi)狀況及由此帶來的環(huán)境污染問題日益受到人們的關(guān)注。本文簡(jiǎn)要回顧了1980年以來我國(guó)能源消費(fèi)狀況并分析了相應(yīng)的環(huán)境問題,對(duì)我國(guó)未來能源狀況及可能帶來的環(huán)境影響設(shè)置了3種情景進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)和分析,得出我國(guó)今后因能源消費(fèi)的SO2,NOx,CO2和煙塵等排放量依然很高,但不同情景的預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果有較大區(qū)別,并提出通過提高能源效率以及加強(qiáng)清潔、可再生能源的開發(fā)利用來解決能源消費(fèi)帶來的環(huán)境問題。
【答案】WiththedevelopmentofChina'seconomyandtheimprovementofthelevelofurbanization,thefutureenergyconsumptionsituationandtheresultingenvironmentalpollutionproblemsareincreasinglyconcernedbypeople.ThispaperbrieflyreviewstheenergyconsumptionstatusinChinasince1980andanalyzesthecorrespondingenvironmentalproblems,thefutureofourcountryenergysituationandtheenvironmentalimpactofsetupthreekindsofsituationhascarriedontheforecastandanalysis,itisconcludedthatthefutureduetotheenergyconsumptionofSO2,NOxandCO2andsootemissionsisstillhigh,butdifferentscenariospredictedresultshavegreatdifferences,andputforwardbyimprovingenergyefficiency,andstrengthenthedevelopmentandutilizationofcleanandrenewableenergytosolvetheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyenergyconsumption.
13.單選題
Johnsaidthattherichercountriesoftheworldshouldmakea()efforttohelpthepoorercountries.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.futile
B.glittering
C.frantic
D.concentrated
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。futile“徒勞的”;glittering“閃閃發(fā)光的”;frantic“狂亂的”;concentrated“集中的”。句意:約翰說更富裕的國(guó)家應(yīng)該集中去幫助貧窮的國(guó)家。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
14.單選題
Themonumentwas______outofthesideofamountain.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.perforated
B.masterminded
C.bustled
D.hewn
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.perforated穿孔B.masterminded策劃,組織;操縱
C.bustled四下忙碌;催促(某人向某方向)D.hewn砍;劈
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。
【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵詞monument(紀(jì)念碑)和thesideofamountain(山的一側(cè))可知,空格處表示“鑿”符合句意,且hewnoutof為固定搭配,表示“從……鑿出,開辟出”。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。
【句意】這座紀(jì)念碑是從山的側(cè)面鑿出來的。
15.單選題
Althoughwomenareascompetentasmeninmanagingpeopleandorganization,theystilldonotattainthehighestpositionsincorporations.Their(1)seemstobe
(2)
byaninvisiblebarrier.Atsomepoint,they
(3)
what'scalled“theglassceiling.”Failuretoattainthetopmostjobsinsomecasesis
(4)
lackofexperienceor
(5)
education.Becausegender
(6)
haskeptwomenoutofmanagementuntilrecentyears,theyhavenothadtimeto
(7)
theyearsofexperiencethatare
(8)
ofmosthigh-rankingexecutives.Alsoinearlieryears,womenwere
(9)
fromenteringgraduateschoolsofengineering,science,business,andlawwhichhavebeen
(10)
tocorporatemanagement.Evenasthosebarriershavebeenlowered,though,womenremain
(11)
atexecutivelevels.Asagroup,theyhavenotyet
(12)
theglassceilingtobecomechiefexecutiveofficersorboardchairpersons.Somethingcontinuestoholdthemback.
Inoneauthoritativestudy,womenexecutives
(13)
threekindsofpressuresthatcomplicatedtheirprofessionaladvancements:theday-to-day,year-in-year-outdemandsandthehectic(忙亂的)
(14)
ofexecutivework;their
(15)
roleas“firstwomanexecutive”andthespecialneedtoprovethemselvestoothers;andthestrainofmeetingfamily
(16)
.Inotherwordsthesewomenmanagersfacedallofthenormaldemandsofexecutiveworkthatmen,experienceplustwoadditionalrequirements
(17)
totheircustomaryrolesinsociety.Havingprovenmanagerialtalentwasnotenough.Psychologically,theyhadtoprovethemselvestheequalofmen.Socially,theyfoundthemselvescarryinga
(18)
shareoffamilyresponsibilities.Thesepsychologicalandsocial
(19)
canholdbackthemostskilledanddedicatedmanager,evenincompanieswheregenderprejudiceis
(20)
aminimum.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.access
B.ascent
C.lubricated
D.restrained
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.blocked
B.prohibited
C.lubricated
D.restrained
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.collide
B.knockdown
C.coincide
D.bumpinto
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.onaccountof
B.thanksto
C.accountingfor
D.dueto
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.intact
B.inadequate
C.incapable
D.undesirable
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.disposition
B.differentiation
C.displacement
D.bias
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.elevate
B.acquire
C.disperse
D.overestimate
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.typical
B.peculiar
C.exemplary
D.indispensable
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.avoided
B.discouraged
C.deprived
D.restricted
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.pathway
B.means
C.tracks
D.trails
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.underrated
B.underpopulated
C.underprivileged
D.underrepresented
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.brokenthrough
B.turneddown
C.madeout
D.cutoff
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.recognized
B.verified
C.discerned
D.identified
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.rate
B.pace
C.velocity
D.step
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.pioneering
B.prevailing
C.preliminary
D.preceding
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.chores
B.obligations
C.responsibility
D.challenges
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.indifferent
B.noticeable
C.traceable
D.distinguishable
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.disproportionate
B.irregular
C.inappropriate
D.indecent
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.brakes
B.spurs
C.frustrations
D.malfunctions
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.in
B.at
C.with
D.on
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:D
第5題:B
第6題:D
第7題:B
第8題:A
第9題:B
第10題:A
第11題:A
第12題:A
第13題:A
第14題:B
第15題:A
第16題:A
第17題:C
第18題:A
第19題:A
第20題:B
【解析】(1)考察名詞、形容詞詞義辨析。access“進(jìn)入,使用權(quán)”;ascent“上升”。選項(xiàng)C與D是形容詞,空格處前面是物主代詞their,可知空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞,所以選項(xiàng)C與D排除。前文提到女性在管理和組織方面的才能跟男性一樣優(yōu)秀,但是她們?nèi)匀坏貌坏焦镜母呶?,因此空格處?yīng)該填入的單詞與升職有關(guān),選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
(2)考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。block“妨礙”;prohibit“禁止”;lubricate“潤(rùn)滑”;restrain“抑制”。前文提到女性升職困難,空格處后面的barrier是“障礙物”的意思,因此空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)含有“阻礙”意思的動(dòng)詞,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
(3)考察動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。collide“碰撞,沖突”;knockdown“撞倒,擊倒,拒絕”;coincide“與……一致”;bumpinto“撞上,偶然碰見”??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵涸谀撤N意義上,她們撞上了所謂的“玻璃天花板”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
(4)考察詞組辨析??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵涸谀承┣闆r下,不能獲得高位的原因是經(jīng)驗(yàn)和受教育不夠。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
(5)考察形容詞詞義辨析。intact“完整無缺的,未受損傷的”;inadequate“不充足的”;incapable“無能力的”;undesirable“不受歡迎的”??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖忌弦活}。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
(6)考察固定搭配。genderbias性別偏見。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
(7)考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。elevate“舉起,提升”;acquire“獲得,學(xué)到”;disperse“(使)散開”;overestimate“高估”??崭裉幩诰渥犹岬脚詻]有時(shí)間獲得多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn),選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
(8)考察形容詞詞義辨析。typical“典型的,有代表性的”;peculiar“奇怪的,獨(dú)特的”;exemplary“可效仿的”;indispensable“不可缺少的”??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵壕哂卸嗄杲?jīng)驗(yàn)是大多數(shù)高職位者的典型特點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
(9)考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。avoid“避免”;discourage“阻礙,使氣餒”;deprive“使喪失,剝奪”;restrict“限制”??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵涸缧┠昱员蛔璧K進(jìn)入工程、科學(xué)、商業(yè)、法院研究院深造。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
(10)考察名詞詞義辨析。pathway“小路”;means“方法,手段”;track“軌道,足跡”;trail“蹤跡”??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵哼M(jìn)入工程、科學(xué)、商業(yè)、法院研究院深造是通向公司管理的途徑。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
(11)考察形容詞詞義辨析。underrated“低估的”;underpopulated“人口稀少的”;underprivileged“貧窮的”;underrepresented“未被充分代表的”??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵荷踔廉?dāng)那些障礙降低了,女性的水平依然被低估。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
(12)考察動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。breakthrough“突破,突圍”;turndown“拒絕”;makeout“理解”;cutoff“切斷”??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵鹤鳛橐粋€(gè)群體,他們還沒有突破障礙,成為首席執(zhí)行官或董事會(huì)主席。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
(13)考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。recogni
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