名詞性從句(講練結(jié)合)課件

名詞性從句1a名詞性從句1a名詞性從句分為四種：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。因?yàn)樗鼈兌伎梢杂擅~充當(dāng)（名詞作主語、賓語、表語和同位語），因此被統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。四種名詞性從句的共同特點(diǎn)是：它們的語序都是陳述的語序。2a名詞性從句分為四種：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句主語從句主語從句在句中做主語。它可以放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前，但多數(shù)情況下是由it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句之后。如：Whodidthatisknowntoall.是誰干的早已眾所周知。Itisinterestingthatyoushouldlikehim.真有趣，你竟然會(huì)喜歡他。

1.連詞that(無詞義,不作成分,不能省略);whether(是否);Thathewillcomeandhelpus

iscertain.Whetherwewillsucceed

isstillaquestion.Itisnotknown

whetherhewillcome.注意:已確定的事由that引導(dǎo);沒決定的事由whether引導(dǎo).3a主語從句主語從句在句中做主語。它可以放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前，但2.常見的用it作形式主語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):

Itis+名詞+that從句；Itisafact(apity，ashame，nowonder，goodnews...)that...

Itis+形容詞+that從句；Itisnecessary(strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，...)that...這類句中謂語動(dòng)詞多為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形?

Itis+過去分詞+that從句；Itissaid(reported，decided，believed，...)that...

It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句；Itseems(happened，doesn’tmatter，hasturnedout，...)that...4a2.常見的用it作形式主語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):

Itis+3.特殊句式1.Ihate____

whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.it

B.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit

____herhairwasturninggrey.A．whileB.thatC.if

D.for

為了使句子保持平衡，常用it來代替主語從句或賓語從句，而把主語從句或賓語從句放到后面，尤其是連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句常用于此種句式中。5a3.特殊句式1.Ihate____

whenpeop4.主語從句的主謂一致1.主語從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.Thattheywillcomeiscertain.2.由who,whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句的單復(fù)數(shù)要視從句中的單復(fù)數(shù)而定.Whoeversaythataretobepunished.Whoaregoingtherehavebeendecided.3.What引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),主句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.Whathewantsarethesebooks.Whathewantsissomewater.6a4.主語從句的主謂一致1.主語從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體,主句的表語從句表語從句即在句中作表語的從句。它位于連系動(dòng)詞(如be，seem，remain等后)。按引導(dǎo)詞的不同，可分為下面三類：(1)由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)（if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句）如：Thefactisthatwearebehindothergroups.事實(shí)是我們落后于別的組。(2)由連接代詞引導(dǎo)。如：Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.中國已不是從前那個(gè)樣子了。(3)由連接副詞引導(dǎo)。如：Thisiswhereyouarewrong.這正是你錯(cuò)的地方。7a表語從句表語從句即在句中作表語的從句。它位于連系動(dòng)詞(如7a(4)有時(shí)as，asif，asthough，because也可以引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.事情并不總是像表面上看來的那樣。Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.天看上去好像要下雨。Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch.那是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰?。asif引導(dǎo)的表語從句有時(shí)可用虛擬語氣，表示可能性小?

Heactedasifhehadn’teatenforalongtime.

表示建議?命令?要求一類的表語從句要用虛擬語氣:

MysuggestionisthatyoushouldpractisereadingEnglisheveryday.

8a(4)有時(shí)as，asif，asthough，becaus表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語從句和賓語從句相同.

但:1.that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)不能省.2.if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句.3.seem,appear后可接that引導(dǎo)的從句,而look則不可.

這三個(gè)詞后都可用asif/asthough引導(dǎo)從句.Itseems/appearsthathewaslateforthetrainyesterday.Itseems/appears/looksasifwehavetogohomeonfoot.關(guān)于引導(dǎo)詞的說明9a表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語從句和賓語從句相同.關(guān)于引導(dǎo)詞的說明9賓語從句賓語從句即在句中作賓語的從句。在謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等后面都可以接賓語從句，賓語從句的用法必須把握三個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：連接詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。1.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)(1)在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句須用表示過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）。如：Heaskedwhentheywouldgototheparty.他問他們什么時(shí)候?qū)⑷⒓泳蹠?huì)。MissGreensaidshehadbeentoBeijingbefore.格林小姐說她以前曾經(jīng)去過北京。10a賓語從句賓語從句即在句中作賓語的從句。在謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞(2)在賓語從句中，當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，后面從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制，可根據(jù)情況，先用適合的時(shí)態(tài)。如：Doyouknowwhenwe’llhaveafootballmatch?你知道我們什么時(shí)候舉行足球賽嗎？YouknowhehasgonetoShanghai.你知道他已經(jīng)去上海了。(3)當(dāng)賓語從句表述的是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理、現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作以及格言等時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制，都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.老師告訴我們光比聲音的速度要快。11a(2)在賓語從句中，當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)2.賓語從句的語序(1)如果是助動(dòng)詞do，does，did構(gòu)成的疑問句，在轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語從句時(shí)，要去掉這些助動(dòng)詞，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的變化。如：Doeshesingwell?Theteacheraskedhim.→Teacheraskedhimwhether/ifhesangwell.(2)如果是will，be，have，can等助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的問句，在轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語從句時(shí)，要把這類詞還原到句中原來謂語的位置上，同時(shí)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的變化。如：Sheaskedme.Willyoubefreetomorrow?→SheaskedmeifIwouldbefreethenextday.提示：帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，取決于主句的句式，與從句無關(guān)。若主句是陳述句，句末用句號(hào)，主句是疑問句則用問號(hào)。12a2.賓語從句的語序12a3.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，連接賓語從句的連詞有that，whether與if。另外有連接代詞what，which，who，whom及連接副詞when，where，how，why。具體如下：(1)賓語從句的句子是陳述句用that引導(dǎo)，that可以省略。如：Heknew(that)heshouldstudyhard.他知道他應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。(2)賓語從句的句子是一般疑問句用if或whether引導(dǎo)。如：Heaskedmeif/whetherhecouldcomein.他問我他能否進(jìn)來。(3)作為賓語從句的句子若是特殊疑問句，用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?你能告訴我你在哪個(gè)班嗎？13a3.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞13a2.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句作復(fù)合賓語的第一個(gè)成分時(shí)，需用先行詞it作形式賓語，把從句放到句末，that不能省略。如：Weconsideritpossiblethatheisill.IhearditsaidthathehadgonetoAustralia.1.由連詞that引導(dǎo):that?？墒÷浴toldhim(that)Iwouldcomebacksoon.注：并列第二個(gè)以上的賓語從句,或有插入語時(shí)不能省略that.)Hesaid(that)hehadfinishedreadingthisnovelandthathewouldborrowanotherone.關(guān)于that的說明3.當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不可省掉。Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.14a2.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句作復(fù)合賓語的第一個(gè)成分時(shí)，需用先行（1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語:

Hedoesn’tknowwherethepostofficeis.他不知道郵局在哪里?作賓語的情形

動(dòng)詞suggest，order，demand，require等表示建議?命令?要求的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣(賓語從句的謂語用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略?)

Isuggestedthatyou(should)startrightnow.我建議你馬上開始?如果賓語從句后有賓語補(bǔ)足語，要用形式賓語it，而將從句放到補(bǔ)足語后面?

Ithoughtitstrangethathedidn’tpasstheexam.我覺得他沒通過考試很奇怪?15a（1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語:

Hedoesn’tknow在think，believe，suppose，expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，如果從句謂語是否定含義，則不用否定形式，而將主句謂語動(dòng)詞think等變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?

Idon’tthinkyouareright.我想你是不對的?

Hedoesn’tknowwherethepostofficeis.他不知道郵局在哪里?在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等動(dòng)詞以及I’mafraid等后，可用so代替一個(gè)肯定的賓語從句，還可用not代替一個(gè)否定的賓語從句:

Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?你認(rèn)為天會(huì)放晴嗎?

Ibelieveso.(Idon’tbelieveso./Ibelievenot.)我認(rèn)為會(huì)?(我認(rèn)為不會(huì)?)Hope(否定)常用：Ihopenot16a在think，believe，suppose，exp(2)作介詞的賓語:

Didshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?他有沒有說我們應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣做這個(gè)工作?

That引導(dǎo)的賓語從句只有在except，in，but，besides等少數(shù)介詞后偶爾可能用到?

Yourarticleisgoodexceptthatitistoolong.除了太長外，你的論文很好?

有時(shí)在介詞和其賓語從句的中間加形式賓語it?

I’llseetoitthateverythingisready.我將負(fù)責(zé)把一切準(zhǔn)備好?17a(2)作介詞的賓語:

Didshesayanyth(3)作形容詞的賓語:

I’mafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.

if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句的區(qū)別，即用whether不用if的情況有:

作介詞賓語，用于whether+todo?whetherornot和用作discuss的賓語等?

Itdependsonwhetheritisfine.要看天氣是否晴朗?

I’mnotsurewhethertoleavethisafternoon.我不敢肯定今天下午是不是要出發(fā)?

Hecannotdecidewhetherornottotaketheexam.他不能決定參不參加考試?

Wearediscussingwhetherwewillholdameetingthisweekend.我們在討論這個(gè)周末是否要舉行一場會(huì)議?18a(3)作形容詞的賓語:

I’mafraidthatdoubt用于肯定句中，賓語從句可以用if或whether引導(dǎo)?

Idoubtif(whether)youwillcomeforavisittomorrow.我懷疑你明天是否要來拜訪一下?doubt用于否定句或疑問句中，賓語從句用that引導(dǎo)?

Hedoesn’tdoubtthathismotherwillgivehimaridehomeforsure.他很確信他的媽媽會(huì)開車帶他回家?19adoubt用于肯定句中，賓語從句可以用if或whether引同位語從句同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞的后面，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接代詞that,連接副詞how,when,where等。（1）常見的標(biāo)志詞有:Idea,belief,doubt,fact,hope,news,possibility,thought,promise,advise,suggest,proposal,demand,request,wish,word,message,information,truth,case,problem,question；.

Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.計(jì)算機(jī)可以識(shí)別人的聲音，這種想法使許多人感到驚奇。20a同位語從句同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞的后面，用以Wemustrememberthefactthatgoatsusuallyliveinmountainouscountry.我們得記住山羊總是生活在山區(qū)這一事實(shí)。（2）how，when，where，why等連接副詞也可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，在從句中可作成分，但引導(dǎo)的句子不修飾前面的標(biāo)志詞，只說明內(nèi)容。如:Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么時(shí)候會(huì)回來。在havenoidea之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.21aWemustrememberthefactthat1）主語從句應(yīng)注意的地方：(a)連接代詞that不可省略。如：Thathewillcomeiscertain。(that不可省略)他肯定會(huì)來。(b)主語從句較長時(shí)，多放在句子后部，用it作形式主語。如：IthasnotbeendecidedwhentheywillleaveforNewYork.他們什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去紐約還沒有決定。名詞性從句應(yīng)注意的地方22a1）主語從句應(yīng)注意的地方：名詞性從句應(yīng)注意的地方22a(c)在itisapity，itisashame，itisstrange（surprising），itisnowonder，itis（necessary，essential，important）等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中常采用虛擬語氣形式：“should＋動(dòng)詞原形/完成式”，表示遺憾、驚奇、重要等，should有時(shí)可以省略。如：Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesogreedy.真遺憾，他竟然那么貪婪。Itisstrangethatheshouldhavefailedtoseehisownshortcomings.真奇怪，他竟沒有看出自己的缺點(diǎn)。23a(c)在itisapity，itisashama．could/would是委婉語氣，而不是過去式，因此賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用不同時(shí)態(tài)。Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?2）賓語從句應(yīng)注意的地方：

b.如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是ask時(shí)，連詞不可能是that；如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是say時(shí)，連詞用that。Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.24aa．could/would是委婉語氣，而不是過去d.if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，常常可以互換，但whether常和ornot連用，而if則習(xí)慣上不與ornot連用；另外，介詞賓語從句不能用if，這時(shí)只能用whether。如：Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.我不知道這是否是真的。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughexperience.一切都要看我們是否有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。c.如何辨別表語從句和賓語從句：表語從句跟在連系動(dòng)詞后，而賓語從句跟在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后。3）同位語從句應(yīng)注意的地方：(a)常見的跟同位語從句的名詞有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order，problem，belief，doubt，fear等。25ad.if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，常?？梢曰Q，但c.(b)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：前者說明名詞的內(nèi)容，后者說明性質(zhì)特征；前者所用的連詞不是從句中的一個(gè)成分，后者所用的關(guān)系代詞that是句子中的一個(gè)成分。較長時(shí)，多放在句子后部，用it作形式主語。試比較：Heputforwardthesuggestionthatthesecondquestionshouldbediscussedfirst.(同位語從句)他建議先討論第二個(gè)問題。Thesuggestionthatheputforwardwasturneddown.(定語從句)他提出的建議被拒絕了。26a(b)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：26aThenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.他們贏得比賽的消息是真的?(同位語從句，news和從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系，that不可省略)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.你昨天告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的?(定語從句，news是told的邏輯賓語，that可省略)從意義上講，前者對名詞加以解釋說明，后者對名詞進(jìn)行修飾限定?從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，前者由連接詞引導(dǎo)，后者由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)?從內(nèi)涵上講，前者所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系，that不可省略?后者所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語?賓語?表語?定語?狀語等?當(dāng)被限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的賓語時(shí)，that可省略?

27aThenewsthattheywonthematpractise:1._______hewillbesenttoHainaniscertain.A.WhyB.WhetherC.ThatD.How2.Itisn'tdecidedyet________wewillattendthemeeting.A.ifB.whyC.thatD.whether3.________theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.A./B.ThatC.WhatD.Where4.Thegentlemaninsistedthathe_______thewallet.A.hadnotseenB.notseeC.wouldnotseeD.didnotsee5.Youcanwriteabout_________topicyoulike.A.whichB.whoseC.whateverD.nomatterwhat28apractise:1._______hewillbe6.________thinkwilltakecareofthechildren?A.WhoyouB.whodoyouC.WhomyouD.Whomdoyou7.He'dliketoknowwhat________today.A.theweatherlooksB.doestheweatherlookC.theweatherlookslikeD.doestheweatherlooklike8.—Isthatyourwatch?—No,Ican'ttell________.A.whoseisthatwatchB.whosethatwatchisC.whosewatchisthatD.whosewatchis9.Noonecanbesure________inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike29a6.________thinkwilltakeca10.I'dliketoknow__________tomorrow.A.ifitrainB.howistheweatherlikeC.whattheweatherislikeD.ifwilltheweatherbefine11.LeiFengwasalwaysthinkingof_______hecouldhelpothers.A.thatB.howC.whomD.which12.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests_________whenhe_________attheparty.A.left;hadarrivedB.left;arrivedC.hadleft;hadarrivedD.hadleft;arrivedw.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m13.Thequestionis__________youshoulddonext.A.whatB.thatC.howD.why30a10.I'dliketoknow_________14.Iknownothingaboutherbut_________sheisfromCanada.A.howB.whenC.thatD.why15.Itdependson________wehaveenoughtime.A.ifB.ifornotC.thatD.whether16._________hedoesn'tlikethemisveryclear.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Where17.—Thegreentypewriterismine.—Doyouknowwhosetypewriter_________?A.isthisblueoneB.thisblueoneC.itisthisblueoneD.thisblueoneis18.Thereason______nothingonearthismotionlessis______theearthisinconstantmotion（運(yùn)動(dòng)）.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.of;thatD.that;because31a14.Iknownothingaboutherb19._________provesthatmyadviceisright.A.ItwillhappenthatB.ThathashappenedC.WhathashappenedD.Whenithappens20.Whatapity________is_______youdidn'tarrivebyday.A.there;becauseB.it;thatC.he;whenD.that;for21.—Ibelieve_______you'vedoneyourbestand_______thingswillhappen.—Thankyou.A.That;/B./;/C.what;thatD./;that22.Pleasegivethebookto____winsthefirstprize.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever32a19._________provesthatmya23.Thefiredestroyed____wasinthebuilding.A.allB.whatC.thatD.which24.Thequestionheaskedwas____theelectricalequipmentshouldbestored.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.because25.Thesephotographswillshowyou_______.A.whatourvillagelookslikeB.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeC.howourvillagelookslikeD.howdoesourvillagelooklike26.Aman'sworthliesnotsomuchin_______hehasasin______heis.A.that;whatB.what;whatC.that;thatD.what;that33a23.Thefiredestroyed____wa27._______Itoldyoujustnowwas_______hadbeenwrittenintheletter.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.WhetherD.If;who28.________studieshardwillpasstheexamination.A.WhoeverB.AnystudentC.WhoD.Thosewho29.Does________matterifhecan'tfinishthejobintime?A.itB.thisC.thatD.he30.________isunknowntousall.A.WheredidhegetitB.WherehegotitC.ThatwherehegotD.Whichhegotit31._______hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter34a27._______Itoldyoujustnow32._______wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what33.Itworriedherabit________herhairwasturninggray.A,whileB.thatC.ifD.for34.—Doyouremember________hecame?—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.if35.Goandgetyourcoat.It's_______youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere36.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever35a32._______wecan'tgetseems37.Canyoutellme________?A.whoisthatwomanB.whothewomanisC.whomisthewomanD.thatwomanis38.Thefact______sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which39.Themountainisnolonger_______itusedtoA.whichB.thatC.asD.what40.Jacksaid_______tomeettheAmericanfriends.A.whichhepleasedB.heispleasedC.thathewaspleasedD.whathewaspleased36a37.Canyoutellme________?41.Iwonder__________tocomehereandgetmyfalseteethfixed.A.IhavehowmanytimesB.howmanytimeshaveIC.howmanytimeswillIhaveD.howmanytimesIhave42.Idon'tdoubt________myfriend,JohnwillcometoChinasoon.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when43.Whois_________spokefirst?A.whatthatB.itthatC.ititD.whatwhat44.—Doyouseewhythemachinedoesn'twork?—Sorry,let'sasktheengineer____.A.whatisthematterB.whatthematterisC.howisthematterD.howthematteris45.Youmaychooseonefrom_________wasleft.A.thatB.allC.thosewhichD.what37a41.Iwonder__________tocom46.____getthismachine?A.DoyouthinkwherecanweB.WheredoyouthinkwecanC.WhereyouthinkwecanD.Wherecanyouthinkwe47.Thepointis_________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether48.Hegotthehighestmarksintheexam.Itwasall________hehasworkedtoohard.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.because49.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s_______youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere38a46.____getthismachine?38a50.Thereasonwhyhefailedis_______hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof51.

wasimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.WhatB.ThatC.ItD.As52.—Canyouhelpme?—Yes,Iwilldo____Icantohelpyou.A.whateverB.nomatterwhatC.howeverD.nomatterhow53._____IwillgotoBeijingforthe2008OlympicGameshasnotbeendecided.A.WhetherB.IfC.WhatD.That39a50.Thereasonwhyhefailedi54、CouldIspeakto_____isinchargeofthedesignofthenewbuilding,please?A.anyoneB.someoneC.whoeverD.nomatterwho55.Thereason___hedidnotjoininthetrainingwas__hewasill.A.that,becauseB.that,whyC.why,howD.why,thatKey:1-5CDBAC6-10BCBAC11-15BDACD16-20BDACB21-25DCBCA26-30BAAAB31-35AABAB36-40BBADC41-45DABAD46-50BADBA51-55AAACD40a54、CouldIspeakto_____isi句子類型：簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句一．簡單句：從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，如果句子只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而句子各個(gè)成分都只有簡單的單詞或短語表示，它就是簡單句。例句：Sheisneverlateforschool.注意：兩個(gè)或多個(gè)主語共一個(gè)謂語，兩個(gè)或多個(gè)謂語共一個(gè)主語，也屬于簡單句。例句：Heandhissonarebothteachers.Theywalkedandtalkedalongtheriver.名詞性從句的總結(jié)二．并列句：句子中包含兩個(gè)或更多互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。并列句中分句常用一個(gè)并列連詞來連接，有時(shí)可不用，而用一個(gè)分號(hào)分開。

常見并列連詞：but/however/while；for/so/therefore(因此，所以)；and/notonly…..butalso；either….or(不是….而是)；or(否則)；otherwise(要不然)

41a句子類型：簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句名詞性從句的總結(jié)二．并列句：例句：Hemadeapromisebuthedidn’tkeepit.(不能和though連用)I’dliketogowithyou,however,I’msobusy.(句中前后加逗號(hào))Heistallwhilesheisshort.(表示對比)Imustgothere,formysisteriswaitingforme.(for前常加逗號(hào))Itrainssowedon’tgoout.(不能和because連用)Idon’tknowmuchaboutChina;thereforeIcan’tgiveyousomeadvice.Gostraightonandyouwillseetheshop.Henotonlysaidthatbutalsodidit.

Eithercomeinorgoout.Workhard,otherwise(or)youcan’tpasstheexam.42a例句：42a三．復(fù)合句：如果句子包含兩個(gè)或更多的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中一個(gè)（或更多的）主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)句子的某一個(gè)成分，就是復(fù)合句。充當(dāng)句子成分的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)成為從句，常有從屬連詞引出，總是用陳述的語氣。根據(jù)從句在句子中作用，從句分為：名詞性從句，形容詞性從句（定語從句），副詞性從句（狀語從句）。例句：Idon’tknowwhentheconcertbegins.Givemethebookthatyouborrowedfromthelibrary.Whenyouleave,pleaseclosethedoor.

名詞性從句：在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句。主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句。43a三．復(fù)合句：如果句子包含兩個(gè)或更多的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中一個(gè)（或更引導(dǎo)名詞從句的連接詞：分類詞形詞義作從句的成分連接詞That無——Whether(if)是否——連接代詞Who(ever)（無論）誰[主格]主，表Whom(ever)（無論）誰[賓格]賓Whose(ever)（無論）誰的[所有格]主，賓，表，定Which(ever)（無論）那一個(gè)（些）主，賓，表，定What(ever)（無論）什么，----的東西主，賓，表，定連接副詞Why為什么狀When什么時(shí)間狀Where什么地方狀how怎樣，如何狀44a引導(dǎo)名詞從句的連接詞：詞形詞義作從句的成分連接詞That無—注意：whether/if區(qū)別①whether可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句，而且能和or（not）連用；但是if只能引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句，且不能和or(not)連用。②if有“如果”的意思，而whether沒有。判斷：Idon’tknowifIshouldtakehisadviceornot.Ifwehaveoursportsmeetingisstillaquestion.⒈主語從句：主語從句可以直接放在句首，或是用it作形式主語，將從句放在句末。眾所周知，光線直線穿行。_____lighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.Itisknowntoall_____lighttravelsinstraightlines.(_____isknowntoall,lighttravelsinstraightlines./_____weallknow,lighttravelsinstraightlines.)thatthatasas45a注意：whether/if區(qū)別⒈主語從句：主語從句可以直我們什么時(shí)候開會(huì)仍然是個(gè)問題。Itisstillaquestion____weshallhaveourmeeting.____weshallhaveourmeetingisstillaquestion.whatweshouldtakeisstillunknown.補(bǔ)充：常見的it作形式主語的句子。a)Itisafact(ashame,apity,goodnews…..)that….b)Itis+形容詞（necessary,important,wonderful,possible,likely……）+that…..c)Itseems(happened,doesn’tmatter…..)thatd)Itissaid(reported,decided….)that….whenwhen46a我們什么時(shí)候開會(huì)仍然是個(gè)問題。whenwhen46a2．賓語從句：(1)作動(dòng)詞的賓語：①直接跟在動(dòng)詞的后面:Hedoesn’tknowwherethepostofficeis.②有些賓語從句前要有間接賓語:HetoldmewhatIshoulddo.③若賓從后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語，要使用形式賓語it，而將從句放到補(bǔ)足語的后面:Ifindithard_____wefinishourhomeworkbefore12o’clock.④在think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,hope等動(dòng)詞以及I’mafraid等后，可用so代替一個(gè)肯定的賓語從句，還可用not代替一個(gè)否定的賓語從句。Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?Ibelieveso./Idon’tbelieveso./Ibelievenot.that47a2．賓語從句：that47a(2)作介詞的賓語：Didyousayanythingabout_____weshoulddothejob?(關(guān)于這工作怎么做她說什么了沒？)how3．表語從句：表語從句放在連系動(dòng)詞（be,seem….）后面Thequestionis________

_____

weshouldaccepttheirinvitation.(問題是我們是否應(yīng)該接受他們的邀請)Thisis_____weputoffthemeeting.(這就是我們推遲會(huì)議的原因)Thatis__

_____

___wego.(這就是我們?nèi)サ牡胤?whetherwhywhere48a(2)作介詞的賓語：how3．表語從句：whetherw4．同位語從句：同位語從句就是跟在一個(gè)名詞后，對其作進(jìn)一步的解釋（補(bǔ)充說明）。例句：Ihadnoideawhereyouwerethere.ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthechild.(常見的同位語從句名詞：news,fact,idea,thought,hope,order(命令))49a4．同位語從句：同位語從句就是跟在一個(gè)名詞后，對其作進(jìn)一步的1.that與what2.if與whether3.who與whoever4.what與whatever5．關(guān)聯(lián)詞的區(qū)分50a1.that與what5．關(guān)聯(lián)詞的1.用that或what填空1.Iwonderifthisis______youarelookingfor.2.Ourschoolisquitedifferentfrom_______itwasbefore.3.Fathermadeapromise______ifIpassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeacomputer.whatwhatthat4._______Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.5.________theearthisroundisknowntousall.歸納：WhatThat連詞_______在從句中不作成分，不含有疑問意義，而_____在從句中作成分，常含有疑問意義。thatwhat51a1.用that或what填空1.Iwonderif1._________wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2._______weneedismoretime.3._______madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4._________breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoever2.（what,whatever,who,whoever)___________________等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個(gè)定語從句，而____________________等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都含有疑問意義。Whoever,whateverWho,what歸納52a1._________wassaidheremustTest:1)---Mom,whatdidyourdoctorsay?---Headvisedmetolive_____theairisfresher.A.inwhere B.inwhichC.theplacewhere D.where

2)----It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet,-----ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,_____wegotlostonarainynight.A.which B.thereC.what D.when

53aTest:1)---Mom,whatdidyour3)PeopleinChongqingareproudof_____theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears.A.that B.whichC.what D.how4)After_____seemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.A.that B.thereC.what D.it54a3)PeopleinChongqingarepr5）Theteamcanhandlewhatever___________A.thatneedshandlingB.whichneedshandlingC.itneedshandlingD.needstobehandled

6)Wecanassignthetaskto________iscapableandtrustworthy.A.whomever B.whoC.whom D.whoever

55a5）Theteamcanhandlewhatever7)_________memostwasthattheyoungboywhohadlostbotharmsinanaccidentcouldhandleapenwithhisfeetA.ThatamazedB.ItamazedC.whichamazedD.whatamazed

8)Thisis______Iwant.A.that B.which C.what

56a7)_________memostwasthat改錯(cuò)：1)Becauseitrains,soIdon’twanttogoout.2)Lighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.3)Itisknowntoalllighttravelsinstraightlines.4)Thatsurprisedusmostwasthebeautyofscenes.57a改錯(cuò)：57a5)Thenewshewonthematchistrue.6)Iwanttoknowwhatisyourname.7)Thegoldmedalwillbepresentedtowhomevercomesoutfirst.

58a5)Thenewshewonthematchis答案：單選：1—8DDCDDDDC改錯(cuò)：1.so去掉;2.句子前加that;3.all后加that;4.that改為what;5.news后加that;6.把is移到name后面;7.whomever改為whoever;59a答案：59a60a60a名詞性從句61a名詞性從句1a名詞性從句分為四種：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。因?yàn)樗鼈兌伎梢杂擅~充當(dāng)（名詞作主語、賓語、表語和同位語），因此被統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。四種名詞性從句的共同特點(diǎn)是：它們的語序都是陳述的語序。62a名詞性從句分為四種：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句主語從句主語從句在句中做主語。它可以放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前，但多數(shù)情況下是由it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句之后。如：Whodidthatisknowntoall.是誰干的早已眾所周知。Itisinterestingthatyoushouldlikehim.真有趣，你竟然會(huì)喜歡他。

1.連詞that(無詞義,不作成分,不能省略);whether(是否);Thathewillcomeandhelpus

iscertain.Whetherwewillsucceed

isstillaquestion.Itisnotknown

whetherhewillcome.注意:已確定的事由that引導(dǎo);沒決定的事由whether引導(dǎo).63a主語從句主語從句在句中做主語。它可以放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前，但2.常見的用it作形式主語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):

Itis+名詞+that從句；Itisafact(apity，ashame，nowonder，goodnews...)that...

Itis+形容詞+that從句；Itisnecessary(strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，...)that...這類句中謂語動(dòng)詞多為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形?

Itis+過去分詞+that從句；Itissaid(reported，decided，believed，...)that...

It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句；Itseems(happened，doesn’tmatter，hasturnedout，...)that...64a2.常見的用it作形式主語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):

Itis+3.特殊句式1.Ihate____

whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.it

B.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit

____herhairwasturninggrey.A．whileB.thatC.if

D.for

為了使句子保持平衡，常用it來代替主語從句或賓語從句，而把主語從句或賓語從句放到后面，尤其是連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句常用于此種句式中。65a3.特殊句式1.Ihate____

whenpeop4.主語從句的主謂一致1.主語從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.Thattheywillcomeiscertain.2.由who,whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句的單復(fù)數(shù)要視從句中的單復(fù)數(shù)而定.Whoeversaythataretobepunished.Whoaregoingtherehavebeendecided.3.What引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),主句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.Whathewantsarethesebooks.Whathewantsissomewater.66a4.主語從句的主謂一致1.主語從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體,主句的表語從句表語從句即在句中作表語的從句。它位于連系動(dòng)詞(如be，seem，remain等后)。按引導(dǎo)詞的不同，可分為下面三類：(1)由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)（if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句）如：Thefactisthatwearebehindothergroups.事實(shí)是我們落后于別的組。(2)由連接代詞引導(dǎo)。如：Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.中國已不是從前那個(gè)樣子了。(3)由連接副詞引導(dǎo)。如：Thisiswhereyouarewrong.這正是你錯(cuò)的地方。67a表語從句表語從句即在句中作表語的從句。它位于連系動(dòng)詞(如7a(4)有時(shí)as，asif，asthough，because也可以引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.事情并不總是像表面上看來的那樣。Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.天看上去好像要下雨。Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch.那是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰唷sif引導(dǎo)的表語從句有時(shí)可用虛擬語氣，表示可能性小?

Heactedasifhehadn’teatenforalongtime.

表示建議?命令?要求一類的表語從句要用虛擬語氣:

Mysuggestionisthatyoushouldpractiserea