高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專題課件

第3講

主旨大意題第3講【考綱解讀】(1)主旨大意題考查的是考生對文章內(nèi)容的深層次理解,它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,對整篇文章的主旨大意有一個較為清晰的印象。(2)它既考查細節(jié)理解能力,又考查深層次的推理、概括能力,難度較大?！究季V解讀】(3)有時從文章的第一個段落,甚至第一個句子即可得出文章的主旨要義;有時,文章的主旨要義則需從文章的字里行間進行推斷。(3)有時從文章的第一個段落,甚至第一個句子即可得出文章的【考查特點】Ⅰ.把握主旨大意題常見的命題方式:(1)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?(2)Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis_________.

【考查特點】(3)Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison_________.

(4)Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?(5)What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?(6)Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?(7)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson_________.

(3)ThelastparagraphendstheⅡ.掌握主旨大意題的考查角度(1)主題類(內(nèi)容),考查文章或段落的主旨大意;(2)標(biāo)題類,要求考生選出文章的最佳標(biāo)題。Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意題的考查角度文章主題常?？梢酝ㄟ^文章的寫作方法來體現(xiàn),有以下五種情況:1.正三角形寫作法即中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開門見山,提出主題,隨之用細節(jié)來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的主題思想。這是英語中最常見的演繹法寫作方式,即由一般到文章主題常?？梢酝ㄟ^文章的寫作方法來體現(xiàn),有特殊,先提出觀點,后舉例論證,主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首。大意題、標(biāo)題一般可在第一段找到答題依據(jù)。特殊,先提出觀點,后舉例論證,主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首。大意【典例】(2018·全國卷Ⅲ·D)

Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.

...

【典例】(2018·全國卷Ⅲ·D)35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeItorLeaveIt

B.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLess D.ThePleasureofGiving35.Whatcanbeasuitabletit【點撥】根據(jù)文章第一段可知,作者想要教會孩子howtolivemorewithless,而后面的段落講述的是作者的嘗試,故選C。【點撥】根據(jù)文章第一段可知,作者想要教會孩子howto2.倒三角形寫作法即主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾。在細節(jié)后,歸納要點、印象、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果,以概括主題。這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式,即細節(jié)表述的句子在前,概括性的句子居后,主題句則常位于末段。2.倒三角形寫作法【典例】(2018·浙江卷·B)

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.

【典例】(2018·浙江卷·B)

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收銀臺).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintoAmericansusemorethan100makethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

makethecasethattheirprodu

Amongthebagmakers’argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Amongthebagmakers’argume

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.

Theindustryhasalsotaken

Environmentalistsdon’tdispute(質(zhì)疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.

Environmentalistsdon’tdisp27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl27.Whatisthebesttitlefor【點撥】根據(jù)最后一段中的內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講述了塑料袋和可重復(fù)使用紙袋的利弊。故選A。【點撥】根據(jù)最后一段中的內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講述了塑料袋和可3.圓形寫作法即首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方法。為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)尾時再次點出主題,這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式也較為多見。通常,前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復(fù),后面的往往有進一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。3.圓形寫作法【典例】(2018·北京卷·A)

MyFirstMarathon(馬拉松)

Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.

...

【典例】(2018·北京卷·A)

Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標(biāo)簽),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.

Determinedtobemyself,mo39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.

39.Whatdoesthestorymainly【點撥】根據(jù)第一段中的Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.和最后一段Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels,Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.可知,作者成功跑完馬拉松源于自己的意志。作者主要表達的內(nèi)容是“成功者是有堅強意志的人”。故選B?！军c撥】根據(jù)第一段中的Yet,Iwasdetermi4.菱形寫作法即主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間。通常前面只提出問題,文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進一步的解釋、支撐或發(fā)展。4.菱形寫作法【典例】

TheSaharaFestivalisacelebrationoftheveryrecentpast.Thethree-dayeventisnotfixedtothesamedateseachyear,butgenerallytakesplaceinNovemberorDecember.Itiswellattendedbytourists,butevenbetterattendedbylocals.

【典例】

Duringtheopeningceremonies,aftertheofficialgreetingsfromthegovernmentleaders,peoplewhoattendthefestivalbegintomarchsmartlybeforetheviewingstands,andwhitecamelstransporttheirridersacrossthesands.Horsemenfromdifferentnationsdisplaytheirbeautifulclothesandtheirfinehorsemanship.Onefollowinganother,groupsofmusiciansanddancersfromallovertheSaharatakeDuringtheopeningceremonietheirturntoshowofftheirwonderfultraditionalculture.Groupsofmeninblueandyellowplayhornsandbeatdrumsastheydanceindifferentdesigns.Ontheirkneesinthesand,agroupofwomeninlongdarkdressesdancewiththeirhair:theirlong,dark,shinyhairisthrownbackandforthinthewindtotherhythmoftheirdance.

...

theirturntoshowofftheirwQ:Thispassagemainlytellsreaders_________.

A.whathappensontheopeningdayoftheSaharaFestivalB.howpeoplecelebrateduringthethree-daySaharaFestivalC.whattakesplaceattheclosingceremoniesoftheSaharaFestivalQ:ThispassagemainlytellsrD.howanimalsraceonthefirstandthelastdaysoftheSaharaFestivalD.howanimalsraceonthefir【點撥】從文中第二段第一句話“Duringtheopeningceremonies,”可以看出,本文主要是介紹“撒哈拉節(jié)”開幕式上的活動。故選A?！军c撥】從文中第二段第一句話“Duringtheopen5.正方形寫作法即中心主題隱含在全文之中,沒有明確的主題句。閱讀這樣的文章,就要求考生根據(jù)文章的細節(jié)來分析,概括出段落的主題,從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法是,先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個方面的內(nèi)容,這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系,然后加以歸納形成主題。該類型的試題則迎刃而解。5.正方形寫作法【典例】

Handshaking,thoughaEuropeanpracticeisoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.NobodyknowsexactlywhenthepracticestartedinEurope.ItissaidthatlonglongagoinEuropewhenpeoplemet,theyshowedtheirunarmed(無武器的)handstoeachotherasasignofgoodwill.Astimewentonandtradeincitiesgrew【典例】rapidly,peopleincitiesbegantoclapeachother’shandstomakeadealortoreachanagreement.Thispracticewaslaterchangedintoshakinghandsamongfriendsonmeetingorleavingeachother.“Let’sshake(hands)onit”sometimesmeansagreementreached.

rapidly,peopleincitiesbeg

DotheEuropeansshakehandswherevertheygoandwithwhomevertheymeet?No.SometimestheChineseabroadreachouttheirhandstoooftentobepolite.Itisreallyveryimpolitetogiveyourhandwhentheotherparty,especiallywhenitisawoman,showslittleinterestinshakinghandswithyouandwhenthemeetingdoesnotmeananythingtohimorher.Evenif,DotheEuropeansshakehandsforpoliteness,heholdsouthisunwillinghandinanswertoyouruninvitedhand,justtouchitslightly.Thereisgenerallyamisunderstanding(誤解)amongtheChinesethatwesternersareusuallyopenandstraightforward,whiletheChineseareratherreserved(保守的)inmanner.ButinfactsomepeopleinwesterncountriesmorereservedthansomeChinesetoday.Soitforpoliteness,heholdsoutisagoodideatoshakehandswithawesterneronlywhenheshowsinterestinfurtherrelationswithyou.

isagoodideatoshakehandsQ:Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus_________.

A.wherehandshakingwasfirstpractisedB.howhandshakingcameaboutC.abouttherelationshipbetweenhandshakingandtradeD.aboutthepracticeofhandshakingbothinEuropeandinChinaQ:Thefirstparagraphmainly【點撥】在文章第一段說明了握手的來歷。實際上也就是談?wù)撐帐质窃鯓赢a(chǎn)生的。故選B?！军c撥】在文章第一段說明了握手的來歷。實際上也就是談?wù)撐帐质恰镜淅?2017·全國卷Ⅱ·C)TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,【典例】(2017·全國卷Ⅱ·C)TerrafugiaInwhichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

whichflewat1,400feetfor

Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost$279,000.Anditwon’thelpifyou’restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.

Around100peoplehavealrea

Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.

Inventorshavebeentryingt

MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration’sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.

MannsaidTerrafugiawashel28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

28.Whatisthefirstparagrap29.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?A.Itcausestrafficjams.B.Itisdifficulttooperate.C.Itisveryexpensive.D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.

29.WhyistheTransitionunli30.Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.Cautious.

B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.

30.Whatisthegovernment’sa31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FlyingCaratAutoShowB.TheTransition’sFirstFlightC.Pilots’DreamComingTrueD.FlyingCarClosertoReality31.Whatisthebesttitlefor【巧思妙解】T28段落大意題:歸納概括定大意【點撥】定位到原文的信息句:Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhouronthe【巧思妙解】roadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.根據(jù)第一段中提到飛行汽車的兩個座位、四個輪子以及車翼、飛行速度、油耗等情況可知,該段是在介紹飛行汽車Transition的基本數(shù)據(jù),故選A。roadand115intheair.Itfl【選項剖析】選項信息定位具體分析A基本數(shù)據(jù)歸納概括該選項信息是對原文信息的歸納概括B飛行汽車的優(yōu)勢曲解文意該段最后三句只是列舉了這款飛行汽車在路上和在空中行駛時的一些數(shù)據(jù)對比,并沒有提及其優(yōu)勢【選項剖析】選項信息定位具體分析A基本數(shù)據(jù)歸納概括該選項信息選項信息定位具體分析C潛在市場無中生有該段并沒有提及這款飛行汽車的潛在市場問題D設(shè)計者以偏概全文中確實提到了飛行汽車的設(shè)計者,但它不是本段的主要內(nèi)容選項信息定位具體分析C潛在市場無中生有該段并沒有提及這款飛行T31.標(biāo)題歸納題:找主題句定主旨【點撥】定位到原文的信息句:TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.本文是一則新聞報道,介紹了一種新型的飛行汽車。新聞報道的主題句通常是第一句話。本文的第一句中提到了flyingcar和T31.標(biāo)題歸納題:找主題句定主旨closertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear,由此可知,飛行汽車快要變成現(xiàn)實了,故選D。closertoitsgoalofselling【選項剖析】選項信息定位具體分析A車展會上的飛行汽車以偏概全該項雖然有flyingcar,但出現(xiàn)在汽車展覽會上是以后的事,并不是文章重點B飛行汽車首飛以偏概全這款飛行汽車在上個月的飛行只是在第一段提到,并不能概括全文【選項剖析】選項信息定位具體分析A車展會上的以偏該項雖然有f選項信息定位具體分析C飛行員夢想成真張冠李戴最后一段雖然提到了飛行員,但開飛行汽車不是他們的夢想D飛行汽車即將成為現(xiàn)實直接對應(yīng)新聞報道的主題通常是第一句話選項信息定位具體分析C飛行員張冠最后一段雖然提到了飛行員,【技巧拾遺】1.找主題句的五個小竅門(1)段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等)時,其后的句子很可能是主題句。(2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時,對該問題的回答很可能就是主題句?！炯记墒斑z】(3)作者有意識地反復(fù)強調(diào)的觀點,通常是主旨;反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語,一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。(主旨句常包含關(guān)鍵詞)(4)首段出現(xiàn)具體例子或假設(shè)時,例子或假設(shè)后面的內(nèi)容可能是主題句。(5)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的詞語常有therefore,inshort,conclude,conclusion等。(3)作者有意識地反復(fù)強調(diào)的觀點,通常是主旨;反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的2.主旨大意題的干擾項特征(1)以偏概全:只闡述了文章的部分內(nèi)容,也就是文章的局部信息;(2)無中生有或似是而非:有的干擾項中的關(guān)鍵詞語好像在文章中談到了,但認(rèn)真分析之后你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些詞語與文章的內(nèi)容毫無聯(lián)系;2.主旨大意題的干擾項特征(3)主題擴大:歸納概括的范圍過大,超過文章實際討論的內(nèi)容;

(4)張冠李戴:命題者有意地把屬于A的特征放在B的身上,構(gòu)成一個干擾項。在考生不注意的情況下,會造成錯選答案。(3)主題擴大:歸納概括的范圍過大,超過文章實際討論的內(nèi)附:T29/T30解析29.【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost$279,000.”可知,此款汽車不能推廣的主要原因是它太貴了,故選C項。A、B兩項無中生有,文章并沒有提及這款汽車會導(dǎo)致交通擁堵和難以操作的問題;D項曲解文意,第一段的最后兩句介紹了飛行汽車的油耗,但沒提及耗油太多。附:T29/T30解析30.【解析】選B。觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段“Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.”中的permit可知,政府對此持支持的態(tài)度,故選B項。30.【解析】選B。觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段“Thegov【素養(yǎng)升華】這篇文章向我們講述了即將面世的飛行汽車。近年來隨著人工智能的不斷發(fā)展,無人駕駛汽車、智能汽車等新概念的汽車的研發(fā)都已取得巨大進展。你心目中理想的未來汽車是什么樣子的呢?請圍繞Myidealfuturecar這一主題,寫一段50個詞左右的文章,來描述一下你心目中理想的未來汽車。【素養(yǎng)升華】IfIwereacardesigner,Iwoulddesignafoldingcar,acarIcanfoldandcarrywithmewhenIamnotdriving.Inthisway,Idon’tneedtofindaparkinglot.Meanwhile,mycarwillhavewings.Itwillbeflyinglikeaballoonintheskyifthetrafficisheavyontheroad.

IfIwereacardesigner,Iw高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專題課件第3講

主旨大意題第3講【考綱解讀】(1)主旨大意題考查的是考生對文章內(nèi)容的深層次理解,它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,對整篇文章的主旨大意有一個較為清晰的印象。(2)它既考查細節(jié)理解能力,又考查深層次的推理、概括能力,難度較大?！究季V解讀】(3)有時從文章的第一個段落,甚至第一個句子即可得出文章的主旨要義;有時,文章的主旨要義則需從文章的字里行間進行推斷。(3)有時從文章的第一個段落,甚至第一個句子即可得出文章的【考查特點】Ⅰ.把握主旨大意題常見的命題方式:(1)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?(2)Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis_________.

【考查特點】(3)Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison_________.

(4)Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?(5)What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?(6)Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?(7)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson_________.

(3)ThelastparagraphendstheⅡ.掌握主旨大意題的考查角度(1)主題類(內(nèi)容),考查文章或段落的主旨大意;(2)標(biāo)題類,要求考生選出文章的最佳標(biāo)題。Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意題的考查角度文章主題常?？梢酝ㄟ^文章的寫作方法來體現(xiàn),有以下五種情況:1.正三角形寫作法即中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開門見山,提出主題,隨之用細節(jié)來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的主題思想。這是英語中最常見的演繹法寫作方式,即由一般到文章主題常常可以通過文章的寫作方法來體現(xiàn),有特殊,先提出觀點,后舉例論證,主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首。大意題、標(biāo)題一般可在第一段找到答題依據(jù)。特殊,先提出觀點,后舉例論證,主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首。大意【典例】(2018·全國卷Ⅲ·D)

Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.

...

【典例】(2018·全國卷Ⅲ·D)35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeItorLeaveIt

B.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLess D.ThePleasureofGiving35.Whatcanbeasuitabletit【點撥】根據(jù)文章第一段可知,作者想要教會孩子howtolivemorewithless,而后面的段落講述的是作者的嘗試,故選C?！军c撥】根據(jù)文章第一段可知,作者想要教會孩子howto2.倒三角形寫作法即主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾。在細節(jié)后,歸納要點、印象、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果,以概括主題。這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式,即細節(jié)表述的句子在前,概括性的句子居后,主題句則常位于末段。2.倒三角形寫作法【典例】(2018·浙江卷·B)

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.

【典例】(2018·浙江卷·B)

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收銀臺).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintoAmericansusemorethan100makethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

makethecasethattheirprodu

Amongthebagmakers’argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Amongthebagmakers’argume

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.

Theindustryhasalsotaken

Environmentalistsdon’tdispute(質(zhì)疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.

Environmentalistsdon’tdisp27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl27.Whatisthebesttitlefor【點撥】根據(jù)最后一段中的內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講述了塑料袋和可重復(fù)使用紙袋的利弊。故選A?！军c撥】根據(jù)最后一段中的內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講述了塑料袋和可3.圓形寫作法即首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方法。為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)尾時再次點出主題,這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式也較為多見。通常,前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復(fù),后面的往往有進一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。3.圓形寫作法【典例】(2018·北京卷·A)

MyFirstMarathon(馬拉松)

Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.

...

【典例】(2018·北京卷·A)

Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標(biāo)簽),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.

Determinedtobemyself,mo39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.

39.Whatdoesthestorymainly【點撥】根據(jù)第一段中的Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.和最后一段Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels,Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.可知,作者成功跑完馬拉松源于自己的意志。作者主要表達的內(nèi)容是“成功者是有堅強意志的人”。故選B?！军c撥】根據(jù)第一段中的Yet,Iwasdetermi4.菱形寫作法即主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間。通常前面只提出問題,文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進一步的解釋、支撐或發(fā)展。4.菱形寫作法【典例】

TheSaharaFestivalisacelebrationoftheveryrecentpast.Thethree-dayeventisnotfixedtothesamedateseachyear,butgenerallytakesplaceinNovemberorDecember.Itiswellattendedbytourists,butevenbetterattendedbylocals.

【典例】

Duringtheopeningceremonies,aftertheofficialgreetingsfromthegovernmentleaders,peoplewhoattendthefestivalbegintomarchsmartlybeforetheviewingstands,andwhitecamelstransporttheirridersacrossthesands.Horsemenfromdifferentnationsdisplaytheirbeautifulclothesandtheirfinehorsemanship.Onefollowinganother,groupsofmusiciansanddancersfromallovertheSaharatakeDuringtheopeningceremonietheirturntoshowofftheirwonderfultraditionalculture.Groupsofmeninblueandyellowplayhornsandbeatdrumsastheydanceindifferentdesigns.Ontheirkneesinthesand,agroupofwomeninlongdarkdressesdancewiththeirhair:theirlong,dark,shinyhairisthrownbackandforthinthewindtotherhythmoftheirdance.

...

theirturntoshowofftheirwQ:Thispassagemainlytellsreaders_________.

A.whathappensontheopeningdayoftheSaharaFestivalB.howpeoplecelebrateduringthethree-daySaharaFestivalC.whattakesplaceattheclosingceremoniesoftheSaharaFestivalQ:ThispassagemainlytellsrD.howanimalsraceonthefirstandthelastdaysoftheSaharaFestivalD.howanimalsraceonthefir【點撥】從文中第二段第一句話“Duringtheopeningceremonies,”可以看出,本文主要是介紹“撒哈拉節(jié)”開幕式上的活動。故選A。【點撥】從文中第二段第一句話“Duringtheopen5.正方形寫作法即中心主題隱含在全文之中,沒有明確的主題句。閱讀這樣的文章,就要求考生根據(jù)文章的細節(jié)來分析,概括出段落的主題,從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法是,先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個方面的內(nèi)容,這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系,然后加以歸納形成主題。該類型的試題則迎刃而解。5.正方形寫作法【典例】

Handshaking,thoughaEuropeanpracticeisoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.NobodyknowsexactlywhenthepracticestartedinEurope.ItissaidthatlonglongagoinEuropewhenpeoplemet,theyshowedtheirunarmed(無武器的)handstoeachotherasasignofgoodwill.Astimewentonandtradeincitiesgrew【典例】rapidly,peopleincitiesbegantoclapeachother’shandstomakeadealortoreachanagreement.Thispracticewaslaterchangedintoshakinghandsamongfriendsonmeetingorleavingeachother.“Let’sshake(hands)onit”sometimesmeansagreementreached.

rapidly,peopleincitiesbeg

DotheEuropeansshakehandswherevertheygoandwithwhomevertheymeet?No.SometimestheChineseabroadreachouttheirhandstoooftentobepolite.Itisreallyveryimpolitetogiveyourhandwhentheotherparty,especiallywhenitisawoman,showslittleinterestinshakinghandswithyouandwhenthemeetingdoesnotmeananythingtohimorher.Evenif,DotheEuropeansshakehandsforpoliteness,heholdsouthisunwillinghandinanswertoyouruninvitedhand,justtouchitslightly.Thereisgenerallyamisunderstanding(誤解)amongtheChinesethatwesternersareusuallyopenandstraightforward,whiletheChineseareratherreserved(保守的)inmanner.ButinfactsomepeopleinwesterncountriesmorereservedthansomeChinesetoday.Soitforpoliteness,heholdsoutisagoodideatoshakehandswithawesterneronlywhenheshowsinterestinfurtherrelationswithyou.

isagoodideatoshakehandsQ:Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus_________.

A.wherehandshakingwasfirstpractisedB.howhandshakingcameaboutC.abouttherelationshipbetweenhandshakingandtradeD.aboutthepracticeofhandshakingbothinEuropeandinChinaQ:Thefirstparagraphmainly【點撥】在文章第一段說明了握手的來歷。實際上也就是談?wù)撐帐质窃鯓赢a(chǎn)生的。故選B?！军c撥】在文章第一段說明了握手的來歷。實際上也就是談?wù)撐帐质恰镜淅?2017·全國卷Ⅱ·C)TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,【典例】(2017·全國卷Ⅱ·C)TerrafugiaInwhichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

whichflewat1,400feetfor

Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost$279,000.Anditwon’thelpifyou’restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.

Around100peoplehavealrea

Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.

Inventorshavebeentryingt

MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration’sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.

MannsaidTerrafugiawashel28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

28.Whatisthefirstparagrap29.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?A.Itcausestrafficjams.B.Itisdifficulttooperate.C.Itisveryexpensive.D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.

29.WhyistheTransitionunli30.Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.Cautious.

B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.

30.Whatisthegovernment’sa31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FlyingCaratAutoShowB.TheTransition’sFirstFlightC.Pilots’DreamComingTrueD.FlyingCarClosertoReality31.Whatisthebesttitlefor【巧思妙解】T28段落大意題:歸納概括定大意【點撥】定位到原文的信息句:Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslast