《隨堂優(yōu)化訓(xùn)練》高中英語 Unit 5 Section II Learning about Language配套 北師大必修1

SectionⅡLearningaboutLanguage

Thescientistfromwhomthewholenationbenefitedalotneverlostheartwhenhewasintrouble.讓全國人民受益很大的那位科學(xué)家在處于困境時從不灰心。loseheart喪失勇氣或信心典例拓展Neverloseheartwhenyoufail.失敗時別灰心。loseone'shearttosb./sth.愛上/鐘情于某人/物breakone'sheart使人難過/傷心putone'sheartinto把全部心思放在……learn...byheart背誦；牢記fromthebottomofone'sheart從某人的內(nèi)心深處運(yùn)用完成句子，每空一詞①Don't________________(灰心)．Ibelieveyou'llsucceedonedayifyouinsistonit.loseheart②She________________________________(愛上)himatthefirstsight.lostherheartto

③Ithankher________________________________________________(從我的內(nèi)心深處)．fromthebottomofmyheart定語從句(Ⅱ)：由關(guān)系副詞where,when,why,介詞．＋which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系副詞where,when,why和關(guān)系代詞一樣放在先行詞的后面起引導(dǎo)作用，同時在定語從句中分別充當(dāng)?shù)攸c、時間和原因狀語。1．where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。如：ThisistheuniversitywhereGrandpastudied30yearsago.這是爺爺30年前就讀過的大學(xué)。2．when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。如：Canyoustillrememberthateveningwhenwemetforthefirsttime？你還記得我們第一次見面的那個晚上嗎？DoyouknowthedatewhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded？你知道中華人民共和國成立的日期嗎？

注意：關(guān)系副詞

where引導(dǎo)的定語從句有時先行詞不是具體的地點名詞，而是抽象名詞position,stage,situation,case,occasion等。如：Hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.他陷入了一種難以分辨是非的局面。3．why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。如：Thereasonwhyherefusedthejobisthathethoughtthesalarywasalittletoolow.他拒絕那份工作的原因是他覺得工資太低了一點。Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhedidn'ttellittohisfather.我不知道他沒有把這件事告訴他父親的原因。

4．由于關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中相當(dāng)于“介詞＋名詞”，即when＝on/in/during...(time);where＝in/at/on...(place);why＝for...(reason)，因此關(guān)系副詞可換為“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：Thatisthedaywhen(onwhich)hedidtheexperiments.就是他做實驗的那一天。Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)myfatherusedtolive.這就是我父親以前住過的房子。Thatisthereasonwhy(forwhich)heisleavingverysoon.那就是他為什么要馬上離開的原因。

注意：在“介詞＋which”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇取決于which所指的名詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系，或者取決于定語從句中動詞詞組與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。如：Thisisthefarmonwhich(where)Iworkedthreeyearsago.(搭配：onafarm)這就是我三年前工作過的農(nóng)場。Hecan'tforgetthatmomentatwhich(when)hesawhislong-lostchild.(搭配：atthemoment)他永遠(yuǎn)忘不了他見到失散很久的孩子的那一瞬間。Lastweekhewenttoapopstar'sperformance,forwhichhepaid100yuan.(搭配：paymoneyforsth.)上周他去聽了一個明星演唱會，為此他花了100元。

5．當(dāng)表示人的關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時，可以用whom也可以用who和that，且可以省略；但當(dāng)動詞短語的介詞提前時，就一定要用whom，且不能省略。如：He'sthesinger(whom/who/that)welike.他是我們喜歡的歌手。He'sthemantowhomshetalkedyeterday.他是她昨天與之交談的人。

6．when,where引導(dǎo)的定語從句和when,where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別

when,where可以同時引導(dǎo)定語從句和狀語從句，都在從句中作狀語。但在引導(dǎo)定語從句時，前面必須分別有先行詞，此時when,where可相應(yīng)地改為“介詞＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)；而在引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，從句前沒有表示時間或地點的名詞，此時不可將when,where改為“介詞＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Shewouldliketoliveinacountryneversnows.她想住在一個不下雪的國家。(畫線部分為定語從句，修飾先行詞acountry，where在從句中作狀語)Shewouldliketolivewhereitneversnows.

她想住在一個不下雪的地方。(畫線部分為狀語從句，修飾謂語wouldliketolive，where在從句中作狀語)7．that代替關(guān)系副詞的特殊用法

在特殊情況下，that可以取代when,where,why和“介詞＋which”，用于表示時間、地點、理由。在口語中that常被省略。如：Hisfatherdiedtheyearwhen/inwhich/(that)hewasborn.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplacewhere/inwhich/(that)helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)I'mringingistoaskyouforafavour.我打電話是想向你求助。一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞將下列每對句子連成一個復(fù)合句1．Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.→Thisisthehall.

2.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.→Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour

. 3.Thehouseisverylarge.Weliveinit.→Thehouse

isverylarge. 4.Wemetawomaninthepark.ThewomanisfromAmerica.→Thewoman

isfromAmerica.where/inwhichwelistenedtothereporttheotherdayatwhichthecarjustpasseduswhere/inwhichwelive/(which/that)welivein(that/who/whom)wemetinthepark5.ShaolinTemplewelcomesvisitorsbothathomeandabroad.ItliesinthewestofZhengzhou.→ShaolinTempleathomeandabroad.

6．Hewaslateforschoolagain.Doyouknowthereason?→Doyouknowthereason

？7.Noneofusbelievethereason.Heexplainedthereasonforhiscominglate.→Noneofusbelievethereason

.which/thatliesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesvisitorsboth.why/forwhichhewaslateforschoolagain(which/that)heexplainedforhiscominglate

8.Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation.Heislikelytolosecontroloftheplane.→Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation

. 9．Weneverforgetthosedays.Weworkedtogetherinthosedays. →Weneverforgetthosedays

. 10．Heistheoldman.mybrotherhasworkedwithhimfor10years. →Heistheoldman

.where/inwhichheislikelytolosecontroloftheplanewhen/inwhichweworkedtogetherwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfor10years二、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空onwhich1.Thisisthetrain________theyoftengotoShanghai.2.Heworkedinafactory________producedcomputerpartsforsomekeycompanies.which/that3．Hewaseducatedatafamousuniversity,________hewentabroadandsettledthere.afterwhich4.Youmaycallmefromonetosixo'clo